姜黄素对AD大鼠学习记忆的改善及其与脑组织NO、SOD、MDA和ChAT的关系

目的研究姜黄素对阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠学习记忆能力的改善及其机制。方法制备AD大鼠模型。将90只Wistar大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、AD模型组、AD模型+姜黄素低剂量组、AD模型+姜黄素中剂量组、AD模型+姜黄素高剂量组,共6组。Morris水迷宫对其学习记忆能力的改变进行观察和评价。检测脑组织中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。观察各组大鼠海马、Meynert核的记忆相关神经递质胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)的表达变化。结果姜黄素对AD有治疗作用,可改善AD大鼠学习记忆能力,且剂量不同,治疗效果也有差别。姜黄素可以缩短AD模型大鼠水迷宫测试的潜伏期;模型组大鼠脑内ChAT表达与正常对照组相比明显降低(P<0.01),姜黄素各剂量治疗组ChAT表达上调,高剂量组与低剂量组相比明显升高(P<0.01);AD模型组大鼠脑组织中NO、MDA含量增高,SOD活力降低,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);姜黄素低、中、高剂量组大鼠脑组织中SOD活性均升高,NO、MDA含量均降低,与AD模型组大鼠相比有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论姜黄素对AD有治疗作用,可改善AD大鼠学习记忆能力,且剂量不同,治疗效果也有差别。姜黄素改善AD大鼠的学习记忆能力与促进胆碱能神经系统功能的恢复、清除自由基、减轻由氧化应激所致的神经细胞损伤有关。     

天丝饮对Aβ25-35所致阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠的影响

目的 研究天丝饮对侧脑室注射β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ25-35）致阿尔茨海默病（AD）模型大鼠相关病理变化的作用.方法 将40只大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、天丝饮组,每组10只.采用单侧侧脑室注射Aβ25-35建立AD大鼠模型,Morris水迷宫检测各组大鼠空间学习记忆能力、苏木精-伊红（H-E）染色法观察各组海马神经元形态、比色法测量各组大鼠脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量.结果 与空白组、假手术组比较,模型组大鼠学习记忆能力明显减退（P＜0.01）,脑组织中SOD活力显著降低（P＜0.01）,MDA含量明显升高（P＜0.01）;与模型组比较,天丝饮组学习记忆能力得到明显改善（P＜0.01）,脑组织中SOD活力显著升高（P＜0.01）、MDA含量明显降低（P＜0.01）.结论 天丝饮对Aβ25-35诱导的AD模型大鼠的空间学习记忆障碍及神经元损伤均具有显著改善作用,其作用可能与其具有抗自由基,保护、营养神经元,抑制脑组织损伤有关.     

灵芝多糖对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆和氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨灵芝多糖对阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠的学习记忆能力和氧化应激的影响。方法:将40只大鼠随即分为正常组、假手术组、模型组和灵芝多糖(GLP)治疗组。采用双侧海马注射Aβ1~40的方法建立大鼠AD动物模型,灵芝多糖灌胃治疗21d,M orris水迷宫测试各组大鼠学习记忆能力,分光光度法测定大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠的逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.01),血清MDA含量明显增高,SOD活性明显降低。与模型组相比,GLP治疗组大鼠的逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.01),血清MDA含量明显降低,SOD活性明显升高。结论:灵芝多糖能增强Aβ诱导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力和抗氧化能力。     

醒脑益智胶囊对乙醇致记忆再现障碍模型小鼠行为学和脑组织SOD、MDA的影响

目的:研究醒脑益智胶囊对乙醇致小鼠记忆再现障碍模型的影响。方法:60只昆明种小鼠随机分为空白对照组,模型组,阳性对照组(石杉碱甲),醒脑益智胶囊高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。灌胃40%乙醇复制小鼠记忆再现障碍模型,跳台试验和避暗试验测定学习记忆能力,同时测定脑组织中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与模型组比较,醒脑益智胶囊高剂量组能延长小鼠潜伏期,减少5min内错误次数,提高SOD活力,降低MDA的含量,有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:醒脑益智胶囊有促进记忆和改善乙醇致小鼠记忆再现障碍的作用。     

远志、石菖蒲配伍抗阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠脑自由基损伤的实验研究

目的探讨远志、石菖蒲配伍对阿尔茨海默病的治疗及作用机理。方法将动物随机分为4组,即假手术组、模型组、实验组(远志、石菖蒲配伍组)、脑复康组(阳性药对照组),每组10只。采用D-半乳糖诱导建立阿尔茨海默病(AD)动物模型,观察远志、石菖蒲配伍对模型大鼠学习记忆能力、脑组织中SOD活力、MDA和NO含量的影响。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠学习记忆能力明显减退(P0.01),脑组织中SOD活力显著降低(P0.01)、MDA和NO含量明显升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,实验组学习记忆能力得到明显改善(P0.01),脑组织中SOD活力显著升高(P0.01)、MDA和NO含量明显降低(P0.01)。结论远志、石菖蒲配伍能明显改善阿尔茨海默病,其作用可能与抗自由基,抑制其对脑组织损伤有关。     

芪归健脑颗粒对老年性痴呆大鼠学习记忆及脑组织nNOS、COX-2蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察芪归健脑颗粒对老年性痴呆(AD)大鼠学习记忆能力的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法: Wistar雄性大鼠70只,随机分为7组,每组10只,即芪归健脑颗粒高剂量组、芪归健脑颗粒中剂量组、芪归健脑颗粒低剂量组、吡拉西坦组、模型组、假手术组与正常组,采用海马区注射Aβ-40溶液制作AD大鼠模型.各组大鼠在造模后第7天开始给药治疗,正常组、假手术组与模型组大鼠给予等容积生理盐水,连续21天.观察AD大鼠学习记忆能力,并用免疫组化法检测脑组织中氧化亚氮合酶(nNOS)和环氧化酶2(COX-2)蛋白表达的影响.结果: 芪归健脑颗粒能明显缩短Aβ-40所致AD模型大鼠的潜伏期,增加穿越平台的次数,显著降低AD模型大鼠海马COX-2阳性表达,提高nNOS 阳性表达.结论:芪归健脑颗粒对Aβ-40所致AD模型大鼠学习记忆障碍具有明显的改善作用,其机制可能是芪归健脑颗粒通过COX-2,nNOS等信号转导途径,减轻Aβ-40毒性作用所致脑组织神经元损伤,从而改善学习记忆障碍,起到防治AD的作用.     

褪黑素对D-半乳糖模型大鼠记忆能力及大脑SOD、MDA的影响

目的：探讨褪黑素对D-半乳糖致衰模型大鼠学习记忆能力及大脑海马区SOD活性、MDA含量的影响。方法：用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠的空间记忆能力,用生物化学方法测定大脑海马SOD活性、MDA含量。结果：与正常对照组相比,模型组学习记忆能力减退,大脑海马SOD活性降低,MDA含量增高。与模型组比较,褪黑素治疗组学习记忆能力明显改善,大脑海马SOD活性增高,MDA含量降低。结论：褪黑素能改善D-半乳糖模型大鼠学习记忆能力和提高大脑海马区SOD活性、降低MDA的含量。     

灵芝多糖肽对Alzheimer样大鼠海马氧化应激的干预作用

目的 观察CLPP对Alzheimer样大鼠海马SOD、GSH-Px和MDA含量以及空间学习记忆能力的影响.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠120只,随机分为8组,每组15只:正常对照组、模型组、NS组、GLPP组(按不同剂量50 mg/kg、250 mg/kg和1.25 g/kg分为GLPP1、GLPP2和GLPP3组)、Mel组和DMSO组;除正常对照组(正常昼夜节律)外,其余各组连续光照(光照度400 Lux,24 h)30 d,其间GLPP组各组按不同剂量igGLPP,每天1次;NS组ig相同体积的生理盐水,每天1次;Mel组ipMel(1.0 mg/kg),每天1次;DMSO组ip相同体积的DMSO,每天1次.光照30 d后Morris水迷宫法测试各组大鼠空间记忆能力,分光光度法测定大鼠海马组织SOD、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量.结果 模型组大鼠寻台潜伏期明显延长,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);GLPP2组、GLPP3组和Mel组寻台潜伏期明显缩短,与模型组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05);GLPP1组、NS组和DMSO组寻台潜伏期明显延长,与模型组比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).模型组大鼠海马组织SOD、GSH-Px活性降低,MDA含量增高,与正常对照组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05);GLPP2组、GLLP3组和Mel组大鼠海马组织SOD、GSH-Px活性增高,MDA含量降低,与模型组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05);GLLP1组、NS组和DMSO组大鼠海马SOD、GSH-Px活性降低,MDA含量升高,与模型组比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 中剂量和高剂量GLPP能够通过提高海马抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量,减轻持续光照引起的AD大鼠海马氧化应激损伤;低剂量GLPP无上述作用.     

健脑益智汤对拟血管性痴呆大鼠生长抑素及星形胶质细胞的影响

目的 研究健脑益智汤对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠行为学能力及生长抑素(SS)、星形胶质细胞GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白glial fibrillary acidic protein)表达的影响.方法 采用结扎双侧颈总动脉方法制备血管性痴呆动物模型.将60只老龄大鼠随机平均分为假手术组、模型组、盐酸多奈哌齐组、健脑益智汤小剂量、中剂量、大剂量组.应用水迷宫及免疫组化方法对各组大鼠学习记忆及SS、GFAP表达进行观察.结果 模型组与假手术组学习记忆能力及SS、GFAP表达差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);与模型组比较,盐酸多奈哌齐组、健脑益智汤治疗组学习记忆能力明显改善(p<0.05),中剂量及大剂量组SS阳性神经元表达增加(p<0.05),GFAP表达减少(p<0.05).结论 健脑益智汤可增加SS阳性神经元表达,控制星形胶质细胞恶性增生,改善VD大鼠学习记忆能力.     

益智健脑颗粒对AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马神经元BDNF表达的影响

目的 探讨益智健脑颗粒对Aβ1-40诱导的AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA1区神经元BDNF表达的影响.方法 右侧海马微量注射Aβ1-40建立AD动物模型,并用益智健脑颗粒对其进行干预,Y迷宫检测各组大鼠学习和记忆能力,免疫组织化学方法检测海马CA1区神经元BDNF表达.结果 Aβ1-40能够导致大鼠学会躲避电击所需的尝试次数明显增加[(25.36±3.48)次vs(15.41±2.89)次],海马CA1区BDNF灰度值较对照组明显增大[(139.13±7.55)次vs(128.36±8.45)次],差异有显著性.应用益智健脑颗粒后,尝试次数明显减少[(17.12±3.51)次vs(25.36±3.48)次]、海马CA1区BDNF灰度值明显减小[(129.98±7.86)次vs(139.13±7.55)次].结论 益智健脑颗粒可以改善AD模型鼠的学习记忆能力,可以作为临床治疗AD的试验用药.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.