Co-occurrence of IPMN and malignant IPNB complicated by a pancreatobiliary fistula: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB) is pathologically similar to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN). However, there are several significant differences between them. The rate of IPMN associated with extrapancreatic malignancies has been reported to range from 10%-40%, and it may occasionally be complicated with the presence of fistulas. IPMN associated with malignant IPNB is extremely rare and only nine cases have been reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report a 52-year-old man who presented with recurrent cholangitis for nine months. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed the common bile duct stricture with dilated pancreatobiliary duct without other abnormal findings. The underlying pathogenesis could not be identified based on the radiologic images. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a pancreatobiliary fistula with dilated main pancreatic duct, biliary stricture with dilated biliary tree, and mucus discharge from the enlarged orifice of the major papilla. The patient underwent SpyGlass cholangiopancreatoscopy due to a suspected mucin-producing biliary neoplasm and indeterminate main pancreatic duct dilatation. Multiple papillary growing neoplasms with vascular images, with the extent of lesions spreading in the biliopancreatic ductal lumens, were identified by SpyGlass. In addition, the presence of a pancreatobiliary fistula was also identified. The patient was diagnosed as having benign IPMN and malignant IPNB with focal invasion by postoperative pathology. Furthermore, varying histological subtypes were present in both IPMN and IPNB. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed on the patient with excellent results during the 52 month followup period.CONCLUSION We deemed that pancreatography and SpyGlass allowed for an efficient diagnosis of IPMN with pancreatobiliary fistula, whereas the etiology could not be identified by radiologic imaging.     

多功能病号服在临床中的应用

病人在医院接受治疗时,往往在需要暴露局部治疗部位时,必需脱去整件衣、裤,由于春季、秋季、冬季室内温度低于体温,使病人易着凉、感冒,诱发其他并发症等,引起身体的不适.局部肿瘤放疗病人,指导放疗病人和家属将放疗局部的内衣剪开,露出局部皮肤进行治疗,这样不影响治疗,还可保暖,但这一方法还有待改进.另外住院病人的病号服颜色单调,款式单一,功能缺乏,根本不能满足住院病人的身心及治疗的需要.因此,近几年,通过大量的研究和临床实践,设计出多功能病号服,获国家实用型专利.现将其介绍如下.     

手术室与供应室一体化运作中手术器械的管理

我院为一家拥有800张床位的综合性医院,年手术量1万多例,有一个现代化的供应室,由于手术器械从手术室到供应室环节多,很容易出现手术器械丢失或无菌手术器械不能及时供应而延误手术的现象.为达到资源共享,我院于2003年6月实行手术室与供应室一体化运作,经过4年尝试,在工作中不断总结经验,形成了一定的管理模式,取得满意结果.     

代谢综合征的疗养护理

代谢综合征又称代谢异常心血管综合征，它是一组心血管疾病危险因素的聚集和组合，包括高血压、高血脂（血脂异常）、高血糖（糖尿病、血糖调节受损、糖耐量异常）、肥胖、吸烟、炎症、血凝增强、纤溶降低等。心血管疾病是人类头号杀手，给社会和家庭带来了沉重的经济负担。对于心血管疾病这种新的流行病学表现，     

类风湿关节炎、高热、黑便、血三系减少

1病例介绍患者女,67岁。因"发热半个月,黑便1d"于2006年6月9日入院。患者半个月前起发热,多次测得体温≥39.0℃,无寒战,无咳嗽、咳痰,无腹痛、腹泻,无尿急、尿痛,无腰痛、咽痛,当地医院予抗生素、激素治疗体温反复,昨日起解黑便,共2次,伴头晕,晕厥1次,无呕血,为进一步诊治转入本院。既往类风湿关节炎     

1例脐尿管漏合并妊娠的护理

脐尿管瘘是一种膀胱畸形疾病,男性多见.临床表现为脐部漏尿,漏尿程度视瘘管的大小而定,脐部漏口为皮肤或黏膜所覆盖.静脉注射靛胭脂或从尿道导管将亚甲蓝注入膀胱,可见染色尿液自脐部漏出,故可诊断[1].     

ICU护士了解自由基和抗氧化剂的重要性

对自由基和抗氧化剂的基本知识,自由基在ICU常见疾病发生发展中的作用以及抗氧剂的临床应用四方面内容进行综述,提示了ICU护士了解这四方面内容是临床实践的组成部分.     

介绍一种眼科点眼药盘

眼科工作中给病人点眼药是主要治疗方法之一,一般是多种眼药水放在一个药盘或药框中,眼药水品种繁多,且眼药水瓶东倒西歪摆放没有规律,甚至会出现作用相反的眼药水(膏)拿错的现象,如缩瞳类和散瞳类就是两个作用完全相反的眼药.因此,使用时往往需要仔细寻找或凭经验才能快速找到所需的眼药,如果使用不当就会给病人造成严重的后果.为减少不良后果的发生,在临床实践中,我们制作了一种简易、方便使用的点眼药盘.现介绍如下.     

Clinical effects of apatinib mesylate for treatment of multiple brain micrometastases:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Apatinib is a small-molecule multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor.Apatinib has demonstrated encouraging antitumor activities.This study aimed to observe the efficacy and safety of apatinib for the treatment of multiple brain micrometastases.CASE SUMMARY We report two patients with multiple brain micrometastases after failure of second-line treatment.Both patients had extracerebral metastases.When the patients took 250 mg/d apatinib orally,the intracerebral lesions disappeared.The extracerebral lesions were partially alleviated.Both patients had a progressionfree survival of more than 12 mo and were still stable.The safety was good.The main adverse events(AEs)were mild hypertension and proteinuria,which could be controlled.CONCLUSION Apatinib has clear efficacy and good tolerance in patients with multiple brain micrometastases after failure of second-line treatment.     

青霉素的发现及应用

青霉素能杀灭各种病菌,却对人体几乎没有毒性,因此是迄今为止在临床上应用最为广泛的抗生素.历史上,它的发现及应用与3个人密不可分.他们分别是亚历山大·弗莱明(Alexander Fleming)、霍华德·弗洛里(Howard Florey).恩斯特·钱恩(Ernst Chain).     

非酒精性脂肪肝肝纤维化评分与脂肪肝及胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的分析非酒精性脂肪肝肝纤维化评分（NAFLDFS）与非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）及胰岛素抵抗（瓜）的相关性。方法以来自江苏徐州地区的2622例健康体检人群为研究对象,检测受试者的血清谷丙转氨酶（“r）,谷草转氨酶（AsT）,血小板计数（PLT）,血清白蛋白（ALB）,空腹血糖（FBG）,餐后2h血糖（PBG）,空腹胰岛素（Fins）等相关生化指标,计算出NAFLDFS及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA2-IR）,将研究对象按非酒精性脂肪肝纤维化评分的低诊断阈值（～1．455）及高诊断阈值（0．676）分成三组,A1组：NAFLDFS〈-1．455;A2组：0．676≥NAFLDFS≥-1．455和A3组NAFLDFS〉0．676。Pearson分析肝纤维化评分与各指标相关性;运用二元Logistic回归计算NAFLDFS与NAFLD、IR的风险性。结果随着NAFLDFS值增高,年龄（Age）、体重（Weight）、体重指数（BMI）、腰围（wc）、臀围（Hip）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、颈围（NC）、FBG、PBG、Fins、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）水平逐渐增高,且三组问的差异有统计学意义;而ALT、AST、PLT、ALB、高密度脂蛋白（HDL．c）随着NAFLDFS值的增高而减小。Pearson分析显示Age、NC、WC、Hip、Weight、BMI、HbAlc、FBG、PBG、PLT与NAFLDFS正相关。随着NAFLDFS值的增加,NAFLD与取的患病风险（OR）也增加。NAFLD的患病风险由1．22（OR=1．22）增加到1．79（OR=1．79）：IR的患病风险由1．13（OR=1．13）增加到1．91（OR=1．91）;进一步校正性别及年龄后,NAFLD的患病风险由1．15（OR=1．15）增加到1．53（OR=1．53）;IR的患病风险由1．15（OR=1．15）增加到2．02（OR=2．02）。结论NAFLDFS与NAFLDF及瓜密切相关,在临床上可将其作为简易评价NAFLD及IR的指标。     

6例终末期肝病合并先天性心脏病患儿行肝移植的术后护理

总结6例终末期肝病合并先天性心脏病患儿行肝移植的术后护理经验。护理要点包括:严格落实感染防控措施,预防肺部感染;精细化的液体管理,谨防心功能衰竭;制订合理的营养方案,满足机体的需求;严格执行抗凝治疗,预防血管并发症;准确服用免疫抑制剂,预防急性排斥反应;重视心理护理,减少患儿负性情绪;信息化的随访管理,追踪出院后病情变化。经过精心的护理,6例患儿术后均康复出院,随访1~6个月,预后良好。     

人工肝治疗终末期肝病肝衰竭的终末期肝病模型预后分析

目的　通过观察应用终末期肝病模型 (MELD)对人工肝治疗终末期肝病预后的预测作用 ,探讨其在临床的应用价值及人工肝支持系统在终末期肝病治疗中的效果。方法　 43例患者随机分为治疗组与对照组 ,对其进行MELD评分 ,并对治疗组进行人工肝后评分 ,观察 3个月后的死亡率。结果　治疗组中 4例治疗前MELD评分大于 40分者 ,3个月死亡率为 10 0 %,17例治疗前评分 30～ 40分者 3个月死亡率为 5 3%,对照组中 6例MELD评分大于 40分者 ,3个月死亡率为 10 0 %,16例治疗前评分 30～ 40分者 3个月死亡率为87%,与治疗组相比P <0 .0 5。结论　MELD评分可以引入临床推广应用 ,人工肝治疗MELD评分在 30～ 40分的终末期肝病是安全有效的。     

Adrenal-exhaustion syndrome in patients with liver disease

Objective Adrenal failure is emerging as an important cause of excess morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. We have recently reported the high incidence of adrenal failure in patients with liver disease, the so called “hepato-adrenal syndrome.” It has been noted that patients who on initial testing may have “normal” adrenal function subsequently progress to overt adrenal failure, the adrenal-exhaustion syndrome. The goal of this study was to further characterize this syndrome. Design Retrospective review of the “Hepatic Cortisol Research and Adrenal Pathophysiology Study” database. Setting Liver transplant ICU of a tertiary care university hospital. Patients and methods Patients who on initial testing had “normal” adrenal function were followed, and adrenal function testing was repeated in those who failed to improve. The patients were grouped as follows: (1) patients who developed adrenal failure on follow-up testing; and (2) patients who had normal adrenal function during their ICU stay. The incidence and risk factors for the development of adrenal-exhaustion syndrome were determined. Measurements and results The study cohort consisted of 221 patients, of whom 120 (54%) were diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency on initial diagnostic testing and were excluded from further analysis. The remaining 101 patients comprised those who made up the group of interest. On follow-up, 16 (16%) of these developed adrenal failure a mean of 3 days after initial testing. The only factor that predicted the development of adrenal-exhaustion syndrome was a low HDL level (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrates that adrenal failure is a dynamic process and that repeat adrenal function testing is indicated in patients who remain hemodynamically unstable or fail to improve with aggressive supportive treatment. Low HDL levels may be pathogenetically linked to the development of adrenal failure. The author has no financial interest in any of the products mentioned in this paper.     

Treatment of chronic liver disease with ursodeoxycholic acid

Evidence is accumulating that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), an agent widely employed for gallstone dissolution, exerts therapeutic effects in chronic liver disease. UDCA is thought to act mainly by reducing the detergent properties of bile, making it less toxic for the liver cells. Confirming the results of preliminary observations double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have shown that UDCA significantly decreased serum concentrations of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase in primary biliary cirrhosis and other cholestatic conditions, as well as in chronic active hepatitis. A substantial improvement in liver histology has also been detected in UDCA-treated patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The effect of UDCA in chronic hepatitis is currently a matter of investigation.     

Surgery in the patient with liver disease

This article deals with the effects of anesthesia and surgery on the healthy and diseased liver and the preoperative assessment of patients with liver disease. Emphasis is placed on estimating surgical risk. Guidelines for optimal preoperative preparation are discussed.     

Peptic ulcer disease complicated with liver cirrhosis

A microcirculatory disorder and alterations of humoral factor are important in gastric mucosal lesion formation with liver cirrhosis, and degradation of a defense factor is important in ex-ulceration in the gastric mucosa. In terms of H. pylori infection, the liver cirrhosis which I sanitized when I think about consequence may be to be good. It is important that degradation of a gastric mucosal defense by liver cirrhosis itself, gastric mucosal atrophy might greatly affect the ulcerogenic mechanism in the stomach.