大动物加压舱内自动排污系统的设计与应用

目的 研制大型实验动物加压舱自动排污系统,维持理想的舱内气体环境,提高高气压实验研究的质量.方法 根据压力驱动的原则,设计舱外高压水箱、舱内集污盘和喷淋管路、舱底贮污筒及排出管路,根据工作时的水流方向设计压力梯度,采用电磁阀控制气、液流动,并编制计算机程序实现自动控制.结果 系统能自动按序完成舱外水箱的注水、冲洗集污盘...     

大动物氦氧模拟潜水舱内微环境的控制

目的 研究建立大动物氦氧潜水实验中加压舱内气体环境的控制方法.方法 遵照模拟潜水基本要求,采用自动操控系统控制压力,使用特定氧浓度的混合气和小量补氧维持氧分压,吸收剂主动吸附清除二氧化碳,舱内空调维持温度,雾化或补水维持湿度.同时采用套舱减少氦氧混合气用量并提高环境控制的精准度.结果 自动操控系统可根据设定的高气压暴露...     

加压舱外开式快速启闭门的设计与应用

目的 设计和建造能快速启闭的外开式加压舱气密门,满足高气压实验研究中人员或动物快速进出加压舱的需求.方法 采用齿啮式旋转门结构,舱门开口法兰圈开设环形凹槽,其内卡设环形密封圈,凹槽底设置数个气孔,通过三通阀连接高压气源的减压阀和加压舱内空间.关闭舱门时门与加压舱门框法兰间留有适当空隙,当舱门关闭并限位后,向气孔供气,高...     

常压下向加压舱内自动输液、给药和抽血装置的研制

报道一种能在常压下向加压舱内自动输液、给药和抽血的新装置。本装置利用气压反馈自动平衡与液体重力作用，将常压下液体转换为０．７ＭＰａ以内舱压的高压液体，使之连续自动输至舱内动物体内，同时可实施定量抽血和应急给药，因而为加压舱在高气压医学领域中特别是高压氧临床治疗的广泛应用，提供了一种新的实用手段。     

高压暴露条件下清醒大鼠脑电图和脑血流联合实时记录方法的建立

目的 探讨高压暴露条件下清醒大鼠脑电图和脑血流联合实时监测和记录的方法.方法 将激光多普勒光纤探头固定于大鼠颅骨上,并在大鼠颅骨上安装电极联合,再将光纤和导线引到加压舱外的生理记录仪上,对脑电图和脑血流进行监测.结果 用此方法可以清晰地记录到脑血流量和脑电图随暴露时间延长而出现的细微变化.结论 此方法可以用于需要对暴露于高压环境中的大鼠及其他动物的脑皮层局部血流量和脑电图进行实时监测和记录的实验研究.     

超踝外固定支架配合简易内固定治疗Ⅲ型Pilon骨折疗效分析

目的 探讨超踝外固定支架配合简易内固定治疗Ⅲ型Pilon骨折的临床疗效.方法 分析26例Ⅲ型Pilon骨折患者资料,手术采用超踝外固定支架牵引复位配合克氏针简易内固定的治疗.结果 随访10～18个月,平均12个月;骨折愈合时间18～25周,平均 20周;术后踝关节功能按Mazur评分标准：优13例,良10例,可3例,优良率为88%;除1例出现针道感染外,其余伤口愈合良好,无骨折不愈合及延迟愈合发生,手术过程无血管、神经副损伤.结论 采用超踝外固定支架配合简易内固定的方法,可最大限度地减少手术创伤,术后可带架早期活动踝关节,减少并发症的发生.     

曲面体层X机头颅定位片在诊断儿童腺样体肥大中的应用

目的:探讨曲面体层X机头颅定位片在诊断儿童腺样体肥大中的应用价值.方法:患者站立在摄影架下,利用支架的升降调节高度,将二侧耳塞塞入患儿的外耳孔且向内轻压,调节鼻托支点,支撑于患儿的鼻根部,应用两侧耳塞与鼻托共3个点在水平与垂直方向上固定患儿的头部,保持水平侧位状态,依据患儿的头颅发育情况,选择恰当曝光条件,在平静状态下曝光.结果:图像质量达到甲级25例(83%),乙级4例(1.3%),丙级1例(0.3%).结论:利用曲面体层X线机头颅定位摄影功能进行摄影,对儿童腺样体肥大进行检查、诊断具有显示结构良好、检查成功率高的优点.     

氧惊厥时大鼠海马组织一氧化氮合酶基因表达的变化

目的 探讨一氧化氮合酶基因在氧惊厥发生机制中的作用.方法 40只SD大鼠按数字表法随机分为5组:正常对照组、氧惊厥组、惊厥前组、氮氧组、抑制剂+高压氧(HBO)组,每组8只.氧惊厥组:实验动物放入动物高压氧舱内,用纯氧加压至600 kPa,当动物发生惊厥大发作时减压.惊厥前组:纯氧加压至600 kPa,动物出现惊厥前期症状时开始减压.氮氧组:动物在含氧3.5％的氮氧混合气下,在600 kPa停留30 min,再减压.抑制剂+HBO组:动物进舱前10 min腹腔注射L-NAME(Nω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯),其他处理同氧惊厥组.正常对照组:动物置于加压舱内,模拟除压力和氧浓度以外的其他实验条件.各组动物出舱后取海马组织,抽提RNA后,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定各组iNOS、nNOS的mRNA表达量变化.结果 相对于正常对照组(0.3563±0.1036,0.5625±0.1035),氧惊厥组和抑制剂+HBO组海马组织中的iNOS(0.5513±0.1253,0.8588±0.1062)和nNOS(0.9300±0.1061,1.2238±0.1374)的表达均显著增加(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);氮氧组NOS基因表达改变不明显;NOS抑制剂可诱导氧惊厥动物海马组织的NOS基因表达.结论 NOS抑制剂可通过不完全阻断NOS的合成,延缓氧中毒的发作及降低发作程度,在氧惊厥发病机制中起重要作用.     

有限切开复位单臂外固定架治疗不稳定胫骨骨折

目的：介绍切开复位单臂外固定架（以下简称单臂架）治疗不稳定胫骨骨折体会.方法：小切口复位不稳定胫骨骨折,单臂架固定,必要时加用螺丝钉、钢丝有限内固定.结果：27例患者经治疗后,1例带架回家未按要求紧固定螺钉而出现骨折再移位,单臂架固定钉松动3例,固定钉孔感染3例,骨折延迟愈合1例.结论：切开复位单臂架固定是治疗不稳定性胫骨骨折的一种良好方法,必要时加用螺钉、钢丝有限内固定可提高固定效果,但也存在单臂架固定钉松动、针道感染的不足.     

潜艇艇员氧敏感试验中急性脑型氧中毒一例

临床资料:患者,男,24岁,某潜艇艇员,平素体健,无精神和心理疾病史.氧敏感试验(加压舱内呼吸0.18 Mpa的纯氧)中,吸氧10、20 min时报告感觉情况良好,无不适反应及其他异常情况出现.吸氧至27 min时,突然出现惊厥反应:尖叫一声,随即意识丧失,牙关紧闭,呼吸不规则,呼之不应.立即除去吸氧面罩,患者平卧舱内地板,停止吸氧,改吸舱内空气,加强舱内通风换气.掐患者人中,解开其衣扣、裤带,患者于约半分钟后有不规则自主呼吸.在确定患者有自主呼吸的情况下,打开应急排气安全阀减压,3 min后减压完毕(依HJB189/98,18 m/45min减压方案).患者被抬出舱外,平卧床上,观察神志模糊不清,面色苍白,口角少许白沫.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.