Procaine Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Colon Cancer Cells Through Inactivation of the ERK/MAPK/FAK Pathways by Regulation of RhoA

Colon cancer is one of the most lethal varieties of cancer. Chemotherapy remains as one of the principal treatment approaches for colon cancer. The anticancer activity of procaine (PCA), which is a local anesthetic drug, has been explored in different studies. In our study, we aimed to explore the anticancer effect of PCA on colon cancer and its underlying mechanism. The results showed that PCA significantly inhibited cell viability, increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and decreased the expression level of RhoA in HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Moreover, PCA increased the proportion of HCT116 cells in the G₁ phase as well as downregulated cyclin D1 and cyclin E expressions (p < 0.05). In addition, we found that PCA remarkably inhibited cell migration in HCT116 cells (p < 0.01). However, all these effects of PCA on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were significantly reversed by PCA + pc-RhoA (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). PCA also significantly decreased the levels of p-ERK, p-p38MAPK, and p-FAK, but PCA + pc-RhoA rescued these effects. Furthermore, the ERK inhibitor (PD098059), p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), and FAK inhibitor (Y15) reversed these results. These data indicate that PCA inhibited cell proliferation and migration but promoted apoptosis as well as inactivated the ERK/MAPK/FAK pathways by regulation of RhoA in HCT116 cells.     

葛根素抑制非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的机制探讨

目的:探讨葛根素对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的作用及其机制.方法:不同浓度葛根素处理非小细胞肺癌A549细胞后,采用CCK-8法检测葛根素对非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖抑制作用及半数抑制浓度(half-inhibitory concentration,IC50);显微镜下观察葛根素对非小细胞肺癌A549细...     

GATA4基因甲基化及GATA4对非小细胞肺癌生长的影响及其作用机制

目的 探讨GATA4在非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）组织中的甲基化状态和GATA4对NSCLC细胞生长的作用及其可能机制。方法 收集2017年7月—2018年6月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院接受肺癌根治术的78例NSCLC患者癌组织及其癌旁组织标本,以及人肺癌细胞株A549、HCC827、NCI-H1299和人正常肺上皮细胞BEAS-2B,用MSP和qMSP检测GATA4基因甲基化状态,RT-PCR和Western blot检测GATA4表达。将sh-GATA4-1（sh-GATA4组）、sh-NC、GATA4过表达载体（pLV-GATA4组）及其空载体对照慢病毒液（pLV-NC组）分别转染至肺癌A549细胞中,同时设置空白对照组（Blank组）,用Western blot检测GATA4、p-ERK、ERK、p-p38和p38蛋白表达,CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力,细胞克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果 NSCLC组织中GATA4基因甲基化率以及p-ERK、p-p38和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平均高于癌旁组织（P＜0.001）,GATA4 mRNA表达、GATA4和Bax蛋白表达均低于癌旁组织（P＜0.001）。GATA4基因甲基化程度与p-ERK、p-p38和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）;与GATA4 mRNA表达水平,GATA4、Bax蛋白表达水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。NSCLC细胞中GATA4呈甲基化状态,人正常肺上皮细胞BEAS-2B表现为去甲基化状态,GATA4 mRNA和蛋白表达低于BEAS-2B细胞（P＜0.01）。与pLV-NC组比较,pLV-GATA4组细胞中GATA4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平、细胞凋亡率升高（P＜0.001）,细胞活力、细胞克隆数、p-ERK/ERK和p-p38/p38蛋白表达水平降低（P＜0.05）;sh-GATA4组细胞中GATA4 mRNA、蛋白表达和细胞凋亡率低于sh-NC组（P＜0.001）,细胞活力、细胞克隆数、p-ERK/ERK和p-p38/p38蛋白表达高于sh-NC组（P＜0.05）。结论 GATA4基因在非小细胞肺癌中呈高甲基化状态并诱导GATA4基因表达降低,GATA4过表达可抑制肺癌细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡,可能通过调控MAPK通路实现。     

Testin在非小细胞肺癌组织和细胞株中的表达及其对癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响

目的:探讨Testin基因(TES)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织和细胞株中的表达及其对人肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡的影响.方法:收集2015年1月至2015年12月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院手术切除的27例NSCLC患者的癌组织及癌旁组织标本,用Western blotting法检测癌组织和癌旁组织,以及正常人胚肺成纤维细胞株MRC5和肺癌细胞株A427、A549、H1299、LK2、PC9和SW900中TES蛋白的表达水平.应用短发卡RNA(shRNA)瞬时转染肺癌细胞株A549干扰TES基因的表达,并进一步检测TES低表达对A549细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭以及凋亡的影响,同时检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2和Cas-pase-3的表达.结果:在NSCLC组织和细胞株中TES蛋白的表达明显下降(均P＜0.05).shTES干扰A549细胞后,TES mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著下降(均P＜0.05).抑制TES表达显著增强A549细胞的增殖[(2.75±0.04) vs (1.79±0.06),P＜0.05]、迁移[(52.3±2.6)％s(19.7±1.4)%,P＜0.05]和侵袭能力[(31.2±3.9)％vs(14.5±4.1)％,P＜0.05],同时降低了细胞凋亡率[(8.2±1.1)％s(23.1±1.7)％,P＜0.05].TES低表达使A549细胞Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达明显下降(P＜0.05)、Bcl-2蛋白表达明显升高(P＜0.05).结论:TES在NSCLC组织中呈低表达,TES表达下调具有促进肺癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭并抑制凋亡等生物学效应,其有可能成为肺癌治疗一个新靶点.     

脂肪抑制素对宫颈癌细胞增殖、克隆形成、侵袭、迁移的抑制作用及相关机制研究

目的:探究脂肪抑制素对宫颈癌细胞增殖、克隆形成能力、侵袭及迁移能力以及细胞周期、细胞凋亡的影响。方法:选取宫颈癌细胞系SiHa,利用不同浓度脂肪抑制素进行培养。通过MTT实验、平板克隆形成实验、Transwell实验及流式细胞术检测实验分别检测脂肪抑制素对宫颈癌细胞增殖、克隆形成能力、侵袭/迁移能力以及细胞周期/细胞凋亡的影响,探究脂肪抑制素对宫颈癌细胞的抗肿瘤作用。结果:MTT实验显示,脂肪抑制素对SiHa细胞的增殖/生长具有明显抑制作用,存在时间和剂量依赖性(P＜0.05);根据细胞增殖率得出72 h时SiHa细胞的IC50为16.98 μmol/L。平板克隆形成实验显示,脂肪抑制素明显降低了SiHa细胞的克隆形成能力,具有剂量依赖性（P＜0.01）。Transwell实验显示,脂肪抑制素也明显降低SiHa细胞侵袭/迁移能力,具有剂量依赖性（P＜0.001）。流式细胞术检测实验显示,较高浓度脂肪抑制素可诱导宫颈癌细胞SiHa的细胞周期停滞在G2/M期,促进其细胞凋亡（P＜0.05）。结论:脂肪抑制素对宫颈癌细胞具有明显抗肿瘤作用,可作为宫颈癌治疗的新药物。     

长链非编码RNA LIMT调控TGF-β信号通路对肺癌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的:检测lncRNA LIMT在肺癌组织中的表达水平,探讨lncRNA LIMT表达对肺癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响及其可能的分子作用机制。方法:利用荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）检测lncRNA LIMT在肺癌组织中的表达水平;在肺癌细胞A549中转染lncRNA LIMT过表达质粒pEGFP-C1-LIMT及敲减lncRNA LIMT的特异性siRNA-LIMT及其相关对照,RT-qPCR验证其转染效率;利用CCK-8法、流式细胞术检测转染lncRNA LIMT过表达质粒及siRNA-LIMT后肺癌细胞的增殖及凋亡能力变化;利用Western blotting检测TGF-β信号通路相关蛋白TGF-β1蛋白及Smad4蛋白的表达水平。结果:RT-qPCR结果显示:肺癌组织中lncRNA LIMT的表达水平显著低于配对癌旁组织（P＜0.05）;细胞转染实验结果显示:转染pEGFP-C1-LIMT后A549细胞中lncRNA LIMT的表达水平显著高于转染空载质粒（P＜0.001）,转染siRNA-LIMT后A549细胞中lncRNA LIMT的表达水平显著低于转染对照siRNA-NC（P＜0.01）;CCK-8和流式细胞术实验结果显示:过表达lncRNA LIMT显著抑制了肺癌细胞的增殖、诱导细胞凋亡（P＜0.01）,敲减lncRNA LIMT显著促进了细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡（P＜0.01）;Western blotting结果显示:lncRNA LIMT过表达的肺癌细胞中TGF-β1蛋白表达水平显著降低,Samd4蛋白表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,敲减lncRNA LIMT的肺癌细胞中TGF-β1蛋白表达显著升高,Samd4蛋白表达显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论:lncRNA LIMT在肺癌组织中表达下调,过表达lncRNA LIMT抑制肺癌细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,敲减lncRNA LIMT促进肺癌细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡,可能通过对TGF-β信号通路的调控来实现。     

CyclinL2在化疗药物诱导肺癌细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:探讨cyclinL2基因在化疗药物顺铂(DDP)、长春瑞滨(NVB)和多西紫杉醇(DOC)诱导的肺癌细胞凋亡中的作用。方法:用肺腺癌A549细胞株进行培养传代,MTT试验检测DDP、NVB和DOC不同药物浓度对肺癌细胞生长的抑制作用,以及CyclinL2转染后对该细胞生长的抑制作用的影响。同时利用流式细胞术定量检测细胞凋亡。结果:不同浓度DDP、NVB和DOC对肺癌细胞生长均有明显的抑制作用,并有浓度的依赖性。细胞凋亡率和CyclinL2基因表达率成正相关。结论:CyclinL2基因在化疗药物诱导肺癌细胞凋亡中起重要作用。     

miR-506通过调控MCL-1抑制耐阿立替尼非小细胞肺癌A549细胞上皮间质转化的作用机制

目的:探究miR-506通过调控MCL-1对耐阿立替尼非小细胞肺癌A549细胞上皮间质转化（epithelial mesenchymal transformation,EMT）及侵袭转移的影响和作用机制。方法:收集2017年12月至2018年12月我院肿瘤科收治的经PET-CT结合组织病理活检及药敏试验确诊为耐阿立替尼的74例非小细胞肺癌患者的癌及癌旁组织以及人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞为研究对象,分别采用细胞转染、免疫组化染色（IHC）、qRT-PCR和Western Blot法检测上述临床组织和细胞样本中miR-506、MCL-1、BAX/Bcl-2凋亡信号途径及EMT标志蛋白表达水平;此外,采用Transwell细胞实验观察miR-506过表达和MCL-1敲减对A549细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响。结果:免疫组化（IHC）结果显示肺癌患者癌组织中浸润性坏死性病理损伤较癌旁组织明显加重,且癌组织中MCL-1的阳性表达率为94.64%,明显高于癌旁组织的23.27%（P＜0.05）。qRT-PCR和Western Blot结果显示,肺癌组织中miR-506、BAX和E-cadherin的表达明显低于癌旁组织,而MCL-1、Bcl-2和N-cadherin的表达显著高于癌旁组织（P＜0.05）。细胞实验结果表明miR-506过表达和MCL-1敲减能够明显上调BAX和E-cadherin的表达,同时抑制Bcl-2和N-cadherin的表达（P＜0.05）;此外,miR-506过表达和MCL-1敲减均能显著抑制肺癌A549细胞的迁移和侵袭能力（P＜0.05）。结论:miR-506可能通过抑制BAX/Bcl-2/MCL-1凋亡途径发挥抑制耐阿立替尼非小细胞肺癌A549细胞EMT及诱导细胞凋亡作用,有望为临床抗肺癌转移及凋亡抑制靶向治疗提供新分子和靶点。     

Effect of inhibitors of cysteine and serine proteases in anticancer drug-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells

Activation of proteases can play an important role in apoptotic cell death induced by anticancer drugs. To assess involvement of activation of cysteine and serine proteases in anticancer drug-induced apoptosis, we tested effect of inhibitors of cysteine and serine proteases on sensitivity to anticancer drugs in MKN45 gastric cancer cells. Cytotoxic effect by adriamycin (ADM), SN-38 (active form of irrinotecan) and cisplatin (CDDP) was significantly prevented by cotreatment with Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk) (p<0.01), a pancaspase inhibitor compared with drug alone using MTT assay. In contrast, cotreatment with N-acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp aldehyde (AC-YVAD-CHO), a caspase 1 inhibitor did not prevent any cytotoxic effect of these drugs. Cotreatment of N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp aldehyde (AC-DEVD-CHO), a caspase 3 inhibitor prevented cytotoxic effect of VP-16 and SN-38 (p<0.01). Prevention of these cytotoxic effects by caspase inhibitors was not dose-dependent. Cotreatment of N-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethylketone (TLCK), a serine protease inhibitor significantly prevented cytotoxic effect of ADM, SN-38, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and CDDP in a slight dose-dependent manner (p<0.01) except for etoposide (VP-16) and docetaxel (TXT), while an other serine protease inhibitor, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethylketone (TPCK) did not prevent any anticancer drug-induced cytotoxic effect. These effects were associated with prevention of internucleosomal DNA ladder formation in apoptosis. Further, protease inhibitors did not block induction of cytochrome c, that can explain the partial effect of prevention by anticancer-induced cell death. These results suggest that anticancer drug-induced cytotoxic effect is mediated by activation of serine protease (caspase-independent) as well as caspase-dependent pathway leading to apoptotic cell death, and that protease-independent pathway may also be involved in apoptotic pathways. The involvement of protease in signal transduction pathways may differ in cytotoxic action of drugs in gastric cancer cells.     

ABL2在肺癌中的作用及机制研究

目的 探究ABL2在肺癌中的作用及其机制。方法 采用Realtime PCR方法检测ABL2在肺癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达情况。然后建立稳定低表达ABL2的肺腺癌A549细胞株;通过MTT、细胞迁移和克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖和迁移能力的变化情况;Western blot检测EMT、凋亡和PI3K/AKT信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况。结果 肺癌组织中ABL2的表达水平明显高于癌旁组织(P＜0.001)。在A549细胞系中沉默ABL2后,与对照组相比,48 h后细胞的迁移能力减弱(P＜0.001),从第3天开始细胞的生长速度开始明显减缓(P＜0.05),15天后形成的平均克隆数也减少(P＜0.01)。Western blot结果显示,沉默ABL2后上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin表达升高(P＜0.001),间质细胞标志物N-cadherin(P＜0.001)、Vimentin(P＜0.01)及Snail(P＜0.001)表达降低。凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-XL表达下降(P＜0.01),BAX表达上调(P＜0.001)。PI3K/AKT信号通路相关蛋白PI3K P110(P＜0.05)、AKT(P＜0.01)和p-AKT(P＜0.05)蛋白的表达都明显降低。结论 沉默ABL2基因能够通过PI3K/AKT信号通路促进细胞凋亡,抑制肺癌细胞的增殖和迁移。     

AKT信号通路在克唑替尼诱导的EML4-ALK阳性肺癌细胞凋亡迁移中的作用及机制研究

目的 探讨AKT信号通路在克唑替尼诱导的EML4-ALK阳性肺癌细胞凋亡迁移中的作用及机制研究.方法 培养人肺癌细胞株H2228,CCK8实验检测20、40、80、160、320、640 nmol/L的克唑替尼作用于细胞48 h后对细胞增殖的影响,计算半抑制浓度(IC50);300 nmol/L克唑替尼处理细胞24、48、72 h后,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Transwell小室检测细胞迁移数;Western Blot检测Bcl-xL、Bcl-2、Bim、AKT、p-AKT蛋白表达.结果 克唑替尼能明显抑制人肺癌细胞株H2228增殖(P﹤0.01),根据IC50值选择300 nmol/L克唑替尼为研究对象;克唑替尼能明显促进细胞凋亡,抑制细胞迁移(P﹤0.01);克唑替尼能下调Bcl-xL、Bcl-2、p-AKT蛋白表达,上调Bim蛋白表达(P﹤0.01).AKT蛋白表达水平在克唑替尼作用的各个时间点间比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 克唑替尼通过AKT信号通路抑制人肺癌细胞株H2228迁移,并通过调节Bcl-xL、Bcl-2、Bim蛋白表达促进细胞凋亡.     

非小细胞肺癌患者血清MMP-9表达及siRNA靶向抑制A549细胞侵袭与转移的研究

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌患者血清中MMP-9表达与肿瘤转移的关系;MMP-9siRNA对肺腺癌细胞系A549中MMP-9表达及细胞侵袭与转移抑制作用的影响。方法:ELISA法检测32例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者及20名健康者空腹血清MMP-9浓度,同时设计合成针对MMP-9的特异性siRNA,采用oligofectamine转染A549细胞,RT-PCR法检测转染细胞后MMP-9mRNA的表达,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭情况。结果:NSCLC患者血清中MMP-9浓度〔(63.44±7.84)ng/mL〕比正常对照组〔(21.57±3.29)ng/mL〕明显升高(P<0.01),且浓度随病理分期增加而增强〔Ⅰ/Ⅱ:(45.40±5.30)ng/mL,Ⅲ/Ⅳ:(89.80±5.02)ng/mL,P<0.01〕,发生淋巴结转移的患者血清MMP-9浓度〔(82.26±5.09)ng/mL〕明显高于未发生淋巴结转移〔(35.92±4.68)ng/mL〕的患者P<0.01;RT-PCR法显示,转染MMP-9siRNA后,细胞中MMP-9mRNA表达较阴性对照组和空白组明显降低,P<0.05。RNA干扰MMP-9基因后A549细胞的侵袭能力也有明显下降,P<0.01。结论:MMP-9可作为NSCLC患者有无发生浸润转移的良好预测指标,靶向MMP-9的siRNA不仅能特异性的降低MMP-9mRNA及蛋白的表达,且能抑制人A549细胞的侵袭和迁移。     

miR-125a-5p通过靶向APAF1 增强非小细胞肺癌细胞吉非替尼耐药性

目的：探讨miR-125a-5p 在诱导非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）细胞吉非替尼（gefitinib，Gef）耐药中的作用及其机制。方法：选用人NSCLC 耐药细胞株A549/GR 和NSCLC细胞株A549，将miR-125a-5p mimic、miR-125a-5p inhibitor、pcDNA3.1-APAF1、空载体pcDNA3.1 转染至A549/GR细胞。用qPCR检测细胞中miR-125a-5p 的表达水平，用MTT法、Transwell 小室法和流式细胞术检测Gef 对细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响。用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-125a-5p 与细胞凋亡蛋白酶活化因子1（apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1，APAF1）的靶向关系，用Western blotting检测A549/GR细胞中APAF1蛋白水平，用比色法测定细胞中caspase-3 及caspase-9 表达水平。结果：A549/GR 细胞中miR-125a-5p 表达水平显著高于A549 细胞（P<0.01）。敲降miR-125a-5p 显著增强Gef 对A549/GR细胞增殖、迁移的抑制作用（均P<0.05），并促进细胞凋亡（P<0.01）。双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实miR-125a-5p 靶向APAF1，并负调控其表达。进一步实验显示，miR-125a-5p 通过靶向下调APAF1 缓解Gef 对A549/G 细胞增殖、迁移的抑制作用及凋亡的促进作用（均P<0.05），减弱Gef引起的凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3及caspase-9表达的上调（均P<0.05）。结论：miR-125a-5p 促进NSCLC细胞Gef 耐药，其机制是通过靶向APAF1 而促进细胞的增殖、迁移并抑制凋亡。     

The expression and function of microRNA-203 in lung cancer

We aimed to determine the expression of microRNA-203 (miR-203) in human lung cancer cell lines and to evaluate the effects of miR-203 by targeting survivin, on the lung cancer cell line 95-D to provide potential new strategies for treating lung cancer. The expression of miR-203 was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the in vitro cultured lung cancer cells A549, HCC827, NCI-H1299, and 95-D as well as in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Following a 72-h transfection with the miR-203 precursor in 95-D lung cancer cells, the change in miR-203 expression was detected using qRT-PCR and the resulting effect on survivin protein expression was ascertained by Western blot analysis. The influence of miR-203 on the viability of 95-D lung cancer cells was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effect of miR-203 on 95-D cell proliferation was analyzed using flow cytometry. The consequences of miR-203 expression on 95-D cell apoptosis were analyzed by Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining coupled with flow cytometry. The role of miR-203 in the invasive potential of 95-D cells was studied using a transwell chamber assay. A luciferase reporter gene system was used to verify that survivin is a target gene for miR-203. By qRT-PCR, the expression of miR-203 was lower in lung cancer cells than in normal bronchial epithelial cells (p?<?0.01), and the expression of miR-203 in 95-D lung cancer cells was significantly higher after a 72-h transfection with the miR-203 precursor (p?<?0.01). After a 72-h transfection with the miR-203 precursor, survivin protein levels in 95-D cells were significantly decreased (p?<?0.01). Cell viability, as assessed with an MTT assay, decreased following an increase in miR-203 expression (p?<?0.05). The flow cytometry results indicated that after miR-203 expression increased, the cell proliferation index decreased (p?<?0.05) and the number of apoptotic cells increased (p?<?0.01). Increased miR-203 expression led to a significant decrease in the number of cells that migrated through a transwell chamber membrane (p?<?0.01). The luciferase reporter gene system demonstrated that the relative luciferase activity significantly decreased after transfection with the miR-203 precursor (p?<?0.05). The expression of miR-203 is downregulated in lung cancer cells. miR-203 negatively regulates survivin protein expression and inhibits the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies that enhance miR-203 expression or silence survivin could potentially benefit lung cancer patients.     

逆癌酮诱导人肺癌细胞凋亡的体外研究

目的:研究逆癌酮诱导A549人肺腺癌细胞系和PLA-801D人肺巨细胞癌细胞系凋亡及其抗癌作用机理.方法:应用体外细胞培养技术,以逆癌酮作用于肺癌细胞,绘制生长曲线,作克隆形成实验,观察其对细胞增殖的影响,并进行光镜和流式细胞术的观察和分析.结果:应用逆癌酮后细胞生长明显受抑,克隆形成能力降低,流式细胞分析表明,应用逆癌酮后,肺癌细胞凋亡指数显著增加(P＜0.01),细胞被阻滞于G0/G1期(P＜0.01),其bax、Fas的表达被上调;bcl-2的表达被下调(P＜0.01);c-myc、TGFβR 1的表达也被上调(P＜0.01).结论:逆癌酮对A549细胞和PLA-801D细胞有明显的细胞毒,并通过上调bax、Fas的表达,下调bcl-2的表达诱导细胞凋亡.     

Inotodiol Inhabits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Modulating Expression of cyclinE,p27, bcl-2, and bax in Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells

Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that has been used as an effective agent to treat various diseasessuch as diabetes, tuberculosis and cancer. Inotodiol, an included triterpenoid shows significant anti-tumor effect.However, the mechanisms have not been well documented. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of inotodiolon proliferation and apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells and investigated the underlying molecularmechanisms. HeLa cells were treated with different concentrations of inotodiol. The MTT assay was used toevaluate cell proliferating ability, flow cytometry (FCM) was employed for cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis,while expression of cyclinE, p27, bcl-2 and bax was detected by immunocytochemistry. Proliferation of HeLacells was inhibited by inotodiolin a dose-dependent manner at 24h (r=0.9999, p<0.01). A sub-G1 peak (apoptoticcells) of HeLa cells was detected after treatment and the apoptosis rate with the concentration and longerincubation time (r=1.0, p<0.01), while the percentage of cells in S phase and G2/M phase decreased significantly.Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the expression of cyclin E and bcl-2 in the treated cells significantlydecreased, while the expression of p27 and bax obviously increased, compared with the control group (p<0.05).The results of our research indicate that inotodiol isolated from Inonotus obliquus inhibited the proliferationof HeLa cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. The mechanisms may be related to promoting apoptosis throughincreasing the expression of bax and cutting bcl-2 and affecting the cell cycle by down-regulation the expressionof cyclin E and up-regulation of p27. The results further indicate the potential value of inotodiol for treatmentof human cervical cancer.     

Brazilin Isolated from Caesalpina Sappan Wood Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis on A549 Cancer Cell Line by Increasing p53, caspase-9, and caspase-3

Objective: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancer patients. The majority of lung cancer is the Non-Small Lung Carcinoma (NSLC). This study evaluated the potency of brazilin isolated from Caesalpinia sappan wood to induce apoptosis on non-small lung carcinoma cell line, A549, by examining the expression of p53, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Methods: Brazilin was isolated from Caesalpinia sappan wood following a guided assay and it was determined by using Brazilin®SIGMA as standard. The activity of brazilin on the growth of A549 cell line was analysed by MTT assay and the apoptosis was evaluated by flowcytometer following Annexin V (FITC) and PI staining. The expression of p53, caspase-9, and caspase-3 was examined by immunocytochemistry. Result: The IC50 of brazilin on A549 cell line was 43µg/mL. Cell treatment with 20 µg/mL and 40 µg/mL of brazilin significantly increased early apoptosis (p<0.001). Cell treatment with 40 µg/mL  of Brazilin significantly increased late apoptosis (p<0.001). Brazilin significantly increased the expression of p53, Caspase-9, and caspase-3 (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed evidence of the activity of brazilin to induce intrinsic apoptosis on a NSLC cell line A549.     

Paracrine interactions of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in endothelial and lung cancer cells

While the effects of single growth factors on endothelial cells (ECs) have been extensively studied, the importance of induction of growth factors such as PDGF-BB (platelet derived growth factor) in ECs and its impact on tumor cell functions are only partly understood. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under serum-free conditions and stimulated by 20 ng/ml VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) or 20 ng/ml bFGF (basic fibroblastic growth factor). As determined by real-time PCR, both VEGF and bFGF induced a significant (up to 4-fold) increase in PDGF-B RNA expression which was time- and dose-dependent (p<0.05). Similarly, conditioned medium (CM) from lung cancer cells (A549) which is known to contain multiple growth factors including VEGF and bFGF also induced PDGF-B RNA expression. Using ELISA assays, VEGF and bFGF significantly increased PDGF-BB protein secretion in HUVECs (p<0.01). By addition of BIBF 1000, a novel inhibitor of the VEGF and bFGF receptor kinases, the effect of VEGF on PDGF-B RNA induction was significantly antagonized (p<0.01). Furthermore, we studied the biological significance of EC-derived PDGF-BB on lung cancer cells. Interestingly, HUVEC-derived CM significantly stimulated migration of A549 cells (p<0.001) with a trend to further increased migration with the use of VEGF-stimulated (PDGF-BB rich) CM (p=0.2). Collectively, endothelial and lung cancer cells seem to interact via various paracrine pathways, e.g. by the reciprocal induction of VEGF and PDGF-BB. Thus, targeting key molecules would result in expression alterations of multiple factors and alter the biological functions of both stromal and tumor cells.