胸腹腔镜联合手术治疗食管癌的临床分析

目的研究胸腹腔镜联合手术对食管癌治疗的临床效果。方法选择74例食管癌病人,分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用常规三切口彻底切除食管,观察组采用胸腹腔镜联合手术治疗,观察病人手术情况和术后恢复情况。结果与对照组相比较,观察组术中出血量比较少,术后胸液引流量比较少,术后拔掉胸管时间短,病人可以更早地出院。结论胸腹腔镜联合手术在食管癌治疗时具有临床实践价值,值得研究和推广。     

“蓝碟”手辅助胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术临床应用分析

<正>随着电视胸腔镜在食管癌切除中的广泛应用,全腔镜三切口食管癌根治技术更是日趋成熟,我院胸外科自2012年1¹2月应用"蓝碟"手助胸腹腔镜联合技术完成36例食管癌切除,其中2例术中辅助小切口,术后近期观察效果良好。1资料与方法1.1一般资料全组共36例,男22例,女14例;年龄4612月应用"蓝碟"手助胸腹腔镜联合技术完成36例食管癌切除,其中2例术中辅助小切口,术后近期观察效果良好。1资料与方法1.1一般资料全组共36例,男22例,女14例;年龄46⁸2〔平均(64.7±17.6)〕岁。肿瘤平均长3.4 cm。鳞状细胞癌34例,食管原位癌2例。胸上段癌6例,胸中段癌26例,胸下段癌4例;其中1例行术前化疗2个周期,1例化疗1个周期。     

胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术在老年食管癌治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术在老年食管癌治疗中的应用价值。方法老年食管癌病例96例中行胸、腹腔镜食管癌根治术的50例患者为观察组,行常规食管癌根治术的46例患者为对照组。结果两组术中出血量、切口大小、淋巴清除数、术后出院时间及肺功能相关指标最大通气量(MVV)、用力肺活量(FVC)差异均显著(P0.05);观察组术后第3、5天炎症指标降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后第3、5天CRP水平低于术后第1天(P0.05)。观察组术后第1天IL-6水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后第3、5天IL-6水平低于术后第1天(P0.05);术后第5天,观察组血PCT与CRP呈现显著正相关(r=0.377,P=0.007),PCT与IL-6呈现显著正相关(r=0.565,P0.001)。结论腹腔镜食管癌根治术比常规食管癌根治术在治疗效果、减少并发症等方面优点明显。     

胸腹腔镜联合手术和传统开胸手术治疗食管癌的效果对比

目的:探讨胸腹腔镜联合手术和传统开胸手术治疗食管癌的效果对比.方法:回顾我院2009年10月至2019年10月手术治疗的食管癌病例,根据手术方式分为传统开胸手术组和胸腹腔镜联合手术组.统计各组患者的手术时间,住院时间,术中出血量,住院费用,术后并发症发生率,术后1年生存率.结果:胸腹腔镜联合手术组的手术时间及住院时间短...     

胸腹腔镜联合微创术与开放手术治疗食管癌的临床效果比较

目的通过与开放手术比较,探讨胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术在食管癌外科治疗中的安全性及远期疗效。方法选取2014-03～2018-06河南省安阳市肿瘤医院胸外科收治的544例食管鳞状细胞癌患者进行研究,胸腹腔镜组(thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy,TLE)122例,采用倾向评分匹配分析法,一对一匹配开放组(open esophagectomy,OE)122例。手术方法均采取McKeown术式。收集围手术期相关指标,随访1～3年生存情况。结果倾向评分匹配后,TLE组较OE组术中出血量少,术后住院时间短,心肺并发症少,总并发症发生率低,淋巴结清扫数目多,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者在手术时间、术后胸液量、吻合口瘘、乳糜胸、30 d住院死亡率方面,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TLE组1年、2年、3年生存率分别为95.1%、74.6%、57.4%,OE组分别为94.3%、70.5%、47.5%,3年累积生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.095)。结论胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术安全、可靠,较开放手术可显著降低心肺并发症发生率,并取得与开放手术相近的远期生存率。     

多功能充气式胸带对微创肺切除术后患者肺功能恢复的分析

当前,微创肺癌根治术以其创伤小、恢复快的优点逐渐成为肺疾病首选的手术方式,主要适用于肺恶性肿瘤、肺结节、肺结核等疾病[1-2]。由于手术对肺组织的挤压、挫伤,必然会引起炎性物质渗出导致疼痛加剧,从而影响肺通气及换气功能,甚至产生肺不张、呼吸系统感染和呼吸衰竭等并发症[3-5]。因此,术后肺功能的快速恢复是我们亟待解决的问题。伤口疼痛、咳嗽困难、难于下床活动是影响肺功能恢复的主要因素[6]。     

胸腹腔镜联合手术治疗老年食管癌的临床效果及并发症分析

目的:探讨老年食管癌患者应用胸腹腔镜联合手术治疗的效果.方法:选取2017年3月至2020年9月在我院就诊的80例老年食管癌患者,采用随机数字法,将以接受开放食管癌根治术治疗的40例患者划分为对照组,将以接受胸腹腔镜联合手术治疗的40例患者划分为观察组.对比观察组与对照组的术中及术后临床指标的变化,比较两组术前术后的免...     

管状胃代食管与传统食管癌手术后肺部并发症的对比研究

目的探讨管状胃代食管与传统食管癌手术后肺部并发症的比较研究。方法按手术方式将228例食管癌患者分为管状胃（A）组92例,和传统手术（B）组136例。临床资料,其中男137例,女91例;年龄31～72岁,平均年龄62．36岁,手术均采用改良Ivor—Lewis术式,统计两组术后各种肺部并发症的发生率。结果228例食管癌患者中管状胃组合并肺部并发症18例,传统手术组术后合并肺部并发症36例。结论管状胃代食管可明显减轻及减少食管癌术后肺部并发症。     

Successful endoscopic therapy of superficial esophageal cancer on varices in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis

A case of successful endoscopic therapy of superficial esophageal cancer on varices in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis is reported. A slightly depressed superficial cancer (type 0‐IIc) occupied half the inner surface of the middle esophagus. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed esophageal varices and periesophageal collaterals, but no perforating veins connecting the varices and collaterals were observed where the cancer was located. The esophageal cancer could not be detected even with a 20 MHz microprobe. The tortuous esophageal varices in the lower esophagus were endoscopically ligated to reduce blood flow just below the cancer and 10 mL polidocanol solution was endoscopically injected to induce sclerosis of the varices. After these procedures, the mucosal cancer was endoscopically resected without any severe complications and residual cancer was eliminated by cauterization using a heater probe. Histopathological examination revealed that poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma invaded into the lamina propria mucosae but not into the vessels or the lymphatic system. Three years after treatment, the patient showed no signs of local recurrence of cancer. It is considered that the endoscopic techniques used in this patient constitute a valuable and minimally invasive treatment for superficial esophageal cancer on varices.     

降钙素原监测在心脏围手术期抗感染中的临床应用

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)监测在缩短心脏手术抗菌药物疗程的有效性及安全性,以期为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。 方法采用随机对照试验(RCT)设计,纳入心脏手术患者共计120例,使用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组(降钙素原监测组)与对照组(常规方法监测组)。其中试验组共61例,对照组共59例。试验组以降钙素原指导抗菌药物使用,对照组以常规方法指导抗菌药物使用。比较这两组患者抗菌药物使用时间、住院天数、抗菌药物费用、住院费用及肺部感染发生率等指标。 结果所有患者术后均预防性使用抗菌药物,第1、3、7天白细胞、中性粒细胞百分率、降钙素原水平逐渐下降,其中白细胞、降钙素原前3天显著下降,而中性粒细胞呈持续下降趋势;两组患者降钙素原术后第3天恢复至接近正常水平,第7天完全恢复至正常水平,中性粒细胞百分比第7天恢复正常。两组各时间点白细胞、中性粒细胞百分率、降钙素原水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。试验组与对照组抗菌药物使用时间分别为9 d和12 d、住院天数分别为18 d和19 d、抗菌药物费用分别为1.16千元和1.45千元、总住院费用分别为11.10万元和12.71万元。P值均<0.05,差异有统计学意义。试验组和对照组分别有两例患者发生肺部感染,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。 结论对于心脏手术,依据降钙素原水平指导抗菌药物的预防使用,可缩短抗菌药物疗程、减少患者住院天数并节约抗菌药物费用和住院费用并且不增加肺部感染发生率。     

Intraoperative ultrasonography for the identification of thoracic recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph nodes in patients with esophageal cancer

The rate of vocal cord palsy following resection for esophageal carcinoma has increased due to lymphadenectomy around the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN). The aim of this pilot study was to assess the ability of intraoperative ultrasonography to detect thoracic RLN node metastases in patients with esophageal cancer. Intraoperative ultrasonography was performed during esophagectomy to assess whether RLN lymph nodes were metastatic in 10 patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer. All patients underwent RLN lymphadenectomy, and the nodes were assessed for metastasis. Three patients had pathological RLN lymph node metastases, of which one had right RLN node metastasis, and three had left RLN node metastases. For detecting right RLN lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of intraoperative ultrasonography were 100%, 33.3%, 14.3%, and 100%, respectively. For the detection of left RLN lymph node, these values were 100%, 85.7%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. This study suggests that intraoperative ultrasonography is feasible and safe to detect RLN lymph node metastases for patients with esophageal cancer. Further study will be performed to evaluate the validity and utility of this diagnostic technique.     

放疗与低剂量奈达铂化疗联合治疗老年食管癌的临床研究

目的探讨放疗与低剂量奈达铂化疗联合治疗老年食管癌的临床效果。方法选取124例老年中晚期食管癌患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将患者分为三组:单纯放疗的患者为单放组40例,放疗联合低剂量(20 mg/m2)奈达铂治疗的患者为放化1组42例,放疗联合高剂量(30 mg/m2)奈达铂治疗的患者为放化2组42例。治疗2个月后比较三组临床近期疗效,并观察三组治疗期间毒副反应发生情况。结果三组近期疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中放化1组疗效最佳,放化2组次之,单放组疗效最差。三组Ⅰ~Ⅱ度、Ⅲ~Ⅳ度恶心或呕吐、Ⅰ~Ⅱ度放射性肺炎、Ⅰ~Ⅱ度放射性食管炎发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中放化2组发生率明显高于单放组和放化1组(P0.05);放化2组Ⅲ~Ⅳ度食欲减退、Ⅲ~Ⅳ度放射性食管炎、Ⅲ~Ⅳ度骨髓抑制发生率明显高于单放组(P0.05);而放化1组仅Ⅲ~Ⅳ度食欲减退、Ⅲ~Ⅳ度骨髓抑制发生率明显高于单放组(P0.05);单放组和放化1组毒副反应以Ⅰ~Ⅱ为主,经对症治疗干预后均可明显缓解。结论与单纯放疗、放疗联合高剂量奈达铂化疗相比,放疗同步低剂量奈达铂化疗治疗老年食管癌近期疗效更显著,毒副反应轻微,更安全可靠。     

Clinical application of gastrointestinal decompression in anastomotic fistula after McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer

AbstractCervical anastomotic fistula is one of the most common complications after McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, leading to septic shock and even death. It is therefore very important to provide effective symptom management after diagnosis of anastomotic fistula. Placing the gastrointestinal decompression tube beside the anastomotic site and connecting the tube to a gastrointestinal decompression disk could support the prevention and treatment of anastomotic fistula after surgical treatment of esophageal cancer.Thirty-eight patients with anastomotic fistula after undergoing McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in our hospital from April 2017 to January 2021 were divided equally into control and observation groups according to the gastrointestinal decompression method used. Gastrointestinal decompression tubes were placed 45 to 50 cm from the incisors in the control group or 25 to 30 cm from the incisors in the observation group. The treatment efficacy was compared between the 2 groups.The drainage time, length of hospital stay after anastomotic fistula detection, and fistula healing time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P < .05 for all).Placing the gastrointestinal decompression tube connected to a gastrointestinal decompression disk next to the anastomotic site is a simple procedure and may significantly improve the drainage time, length of hospital stay, and fistula healing time of patients who develop anastomotic fistula resulting from McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.     

Prognostic significance of perigastric lymph nodes metastases on survival in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer

Several publications have showed that the number of metastatic lymph node (LN) should be taken into consideration in nodal category of esophageal cancer, but seldom considered extent of involved regional LNs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of the extent of regional LN metastasis on survival in patients with esophageal cancer. A total of 245 thoracic esophageal cancer patients underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with standard lymphadenectomy between January 2000 and December 2006 were included in the study. Data including demographic factors, pathologic findings, LN parameters and survival outcomes were collected. The survival experience was depicted using Kaplan‐Meier method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to screen the significant prognostic factors. The univariate analysis to further explore the significant prognostic factor was done by log‐rank test. After a median follow‐up of 53.2 months, the 5‐year survival rate was 46.3% for the entire cohort. Cox model regression indicated that the LN status and perigastric nodal status, aside from residual tumor status, histological tumor type and depth of invasion, were the independent prognostic factors. Patients without LN metastasis had better 5‐year survival than those with positive nodes (64.2% vs. 18.9%, X²= 35.875, P < 0.001). However, For those patients with nodal involvement, there was no difference in 5‐year survival between patients with involved nodes <3 and ≥3 (27.8% vs. 0%, X²= 0.925, P= 0.336). When considering the location of LN metastasis, patients could be further stratified according to whether the perigastric nodes were involved or not (37.5% vs. 10.0%, X²= 4.295, P= 0.038). In conclusion, involved LN number had no prognostic implication in nodal involved patients based on our data. Whereas, perigastric nodal involvement should be used to refine the N category (N0, no nodal metastasis, N1, non‐perigastric node metastasis, N2, perigastric node metastasis) for the future esophageal cancer staging criteria.     

老年食管癌病人微创手术中不同胸腔内吻合方法的比较

目的 比较老年食管癌病人经右胸微创、腹正中切口食管癌根治术中分别采用倒穿刺法和常规法进行胸腔内吻合的可行性、安全性及优劣势.方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年1月42例60岁以上经右胸微创、腹正中两切口食管癌手术病人的临床资料.根据胸部吻合方法的不同将42例病人分为A、B两组,每组各21例.A组采用倒穿刺法完成...     

内镜黏膜剥离术在早期食管癌及癌前病变中的疗效观察

[目的]观察内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)在早期食管癌及癌前病变中疗效。[方法]对152例共165处早期食管癌及癌前病变病灶行ESD治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析。[结果]152例患者共165处病灶,病灶长度1.5~9.0cm,平均4.2cm,ESD平均手术时间75 min。术后穿孔2例(1.3%),出血1例(0.6%),食管狭窄9例(5.9%)。病理结果示低级别上皮内瘤变35例,水平切缘阳性1例,完全切除率97.1%(34/35);高级别上皮内瘤变63例,水平切缘阳性3例,完全切除率95.2%(60/63);食管早癌54例,水平切缘阳性3例,完全切除率94.4%(51/54);食管浅表癌13例,其中垂直切缘阳性3例,水平切缘阳性3例,完全切除率53.8%(7/13)。112例完成了术后1个月的胃镜复查,创面愈合率为100%;89例完成了术后6个月的胃镜复查,创面愈合率为100%,发现2例局部复发(2例均为高级别上皮内瘤变);68例完成了术后12个月的胃镜复查,创面愈合率为100%,发现3例复发(2例早癌,1例食管浅表癌)。[结论]ESD是治疗早期食管癌及癌前病变的有效安全的方法。     

Application of a modified McKeown procedure (thoracoscopic esophageal mobilization three‐incision esophagectomy) in esophageal cancer surgery: Initial experience with 30 cases

Early efforts with minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) were hybrid approaches. No conclusive benefit was seen with this approach compared with the standard open procedure. Total MIE has demonstrated its advantages in single institution series. The drawbacks of total MIE include the steep learning curve and the high cost of the disposable instrumentation. We sought to determine the feasibility of modifying the surgical technique involved in the hybrid approach in an effort to decrease the cost of the surgery without compromising the outcome. From December 2007 to September 2008, the modified McKeown procedure (thoracoscopic esophageal mobilization three‐incision esophagectomy) was performed in 30 cases. The median operative time was 225 minutes (range, 195 ?290 minutes) and the median average time of VATS was 70 minutes (range, 50 ?130 minutes). Median lymph node retrieval was 25.6 ± 4.8 nodes (15.1 ± 3.4 intrathoracic) per patient. The median postoperative hospital stay was 17.1 ± 6.3 days. There was no in‐hospital (30 days) mortality. Postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients (30%), including 2 (6.7%) pneumonia, 1 (3.3%) chylothorax, 1 (3.3%) delayed gastric emptying ,1 (3.3%) vocal cord palsy, 2 (6.7%) neck anastomotic leaks, and 2 (6.7%) arrhythmias. This procedure is technically feasible and safe with lower mortality and mobility. The short‐term surgical outcomes are comparable with most of the total MIE reports. Performing the gastric mobilization and spontaneous neck anastomosis first greatly facilitate and simplifies the VATS maneuver.