270例腹腔镜代谢手术护理配合

目的总结270例腹腔镜代谢手术的护理配合体会。 方法对2013年10月至2018年12月期间在山东大学附属济南市中心医院完成的的270例腹腔镜代谢手术,进行术前访视了解病情,做好心理护理和全面评估,术中提供全面安全护理,准确配合胃校准管,吻合器、超声刀等器械的使用。 结果270例腹腔镜代谢手术均获得成功,无中转开腹,患者及家属满意度96.8%,手术医生满意度99.5%。无手术护理并发症发生。 结论充分的术前准备、合适的手术体位与防护、护士的熟练配合是手术成功的保障。     

舒适护理模式在腹腔镜代谢手术中的应用效果分析

目的探讨舒适护理模式在配合腹腔镜代谢手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2013年11月至2017年7月在济南市中心医院接受腹腔镜代谢手术的146例肥胖症合并2型糖尿病患者的临床资料。所有患者均签署知情同意书,符合医学伦理学规定。其中男66例,女80例;平均年龄(46.6±8.8)岁;平均BMI(40.65±9.2)kg/m^2。舒适护理模式包括对患者给予心理、环境、体位、操作等舒适护理,配合手术实施。结果 146例腹腔镜代谢手术,无手术护理并发症发生,患者及家属非常满意占98.63%;满意占1.36%;总体满意率为100%。结论对腹腔镜代谢手术患者实施舒适护理,可提高手术质量,保障手术安全,减少护理相关并发症,提高患者满意度。     

腹腔镜袖状胃切除术后慢性瘘管形成修正手术处理2例报告

腹腔镜袖状胃切除术（laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,LSG）是最常用的减重手术之一,由于手术相对简单,手术并发症发生率较低,术后效果良好,越来越常被采用[1,2]。从2017年国际肥胖与代谢病外科联盟（the International Federation for Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disease,IFSO）发布的全球减重手术数据来看,LSG已超过腹腔镜胃旁路术,成为减重最常用的手术方式[3]。但是,LSG同样存在并发症发生的可能,包括胃漏、胃食管返流及管状胃狭窄等[4]。其中,胃漏是较常发生且较难处理的并发症,发生率为1~3%（平均1.06%）[5]。暨南大学附属第一医院胃肠外科从2007年进行第一例LSG,至今已完成约700例,有2例发生了胃漏（0.3%）,最后均需行修正手术治愈。     

加速康复措施在减重代谢外科中的应用价值

目的通过在减重代谢外科围手术期实施各种加速康复外科（ERAS）措施，总结出加速康复外科措施在减重与代谢病外科中的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年1月南方医科大学附属小榄医院减重与代谢病外科收治的91例肥胖症或2型糖尿病患者的临床病例资料，将患者在围手术期实施快速康复措施的纳入加速康复外科组（ERAS组）；而仅采用传统胃肠外科围手术期措施的患者纳入对照组。对比两组患者在术后疼痛评分、肛门排气时间、并发症、平均住院时间、住院总费用、减重效果、再住院率、再手术率等方面的差异，分析ERAS实施在减重代谢外科中的应用价值。 结果ERAS组术后疼痛NRS评分低于对照组(3.8±1.2) vs. (6.4±1.5)，P<0.05；术后肛门排气时间缩短(1.0±0.3)d vs.(1.9±0.7)d，P<0.05；无严重并发症；术后住院时间短(6.4±1.3)d vs.(13.7±1.5)d ，P<0.05，住院费用降低（46813±3070）元vs. (66973±4520)元，P<0.05；两组的平均术后1年多余体重减除率均>80%。 结论在减重与代谢手术中，实施围手术期快速康复措施，可明显缩短住院时间，减少术后并发症，快速康复，节省费用，具有突出的应用价值。     

减重代谢手术前后规范化胃镜检查的分析研究

目的从消化内镜医生角度来分析减重手术前后消化道腔内的特征及远期随诊。 方法回顾性分析2020年6月1日至2021年11月30日经首都医科大学附属复兴医院减重患者132例,对比手术前后7 620张胃镜图片。 结果减重手术前的胃镜检查显示,52例(39.4%)发现存在滑动型食管裂孔疝、27例(20.4%)存在反流性食管炎、19例(14.4%)存在胃体黏膜网格样充血水肿、胃窦黏膜颗粒样改变、十二指肠肠绒毛短缩。减重手术后胃镜检查显示,溃疡病腹腔镜袖状胃切除术(LSG)后发生率约2.9%(1例)、腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(LRGB)后发生率约5.3%(1例);均未发生吻合口炎。 结论对减重手术1年后的胃镜检查随访未发现消化道息肉及肿瘤倾向,针对肥胖症的治疗及防控多学科协作任重道远。     

过去10年我国减重代谢手术的研究进展

目的利用计量分析的方法对我国过去10年发表的减重代谢手术相关的中文临床型文献进行回顾性分析，归纳分析我国减重代谢手术研究进展。 方法以检索词（"减重手术""代谢手术""袖状胃切除""胃旁路术"和"胃绑带术"）检索万方和中国知网数据库在2009年1月1日到2018年12月31日所收录的减重代谢手术相关研究文献，通过对引文中每年发表论文数量，发表论文最多的作者、机构及相关杂志，论文被引次数等相关指标进行整理及分析。 结果总共有1222篇减重代谢手术相关引文被检索到。减重代谢手术相关论文的年发表量呈现先增长后稳定的趋势，从2009年年发表量34篇，在2015年增至175篇，此后呈现相对稳定。朱江帆、王存川、郑成竹等学者在减重代谢手术相关领域发表相关论文最多，暨南大学附属第一医院、第二军医大学附属长海医院、南京医科大学第一附属医院等机构在减重代谢领域处于国内领先水平。中华肥胖与代谢病电子杂志、腹腔镜外科杂志、中国实用外科杂志是目前发表减重代谢手术最多的期刊。 结论我国目前的减重代谢手术基本成熟，但尚需多中心前瞻性临床试验进一步证实减重代谢手术治疗2型糖尿病的有效性。     

减重代谢手术实施加速康复外科的单中心经验与存在问题分析

目的对比实施加速康复外科（ERAS）措施与传统外科措施在减重代谢手术围手术期处理的差异,分析目前实施ERAS存在的问题。 方法回顾性分析2014年11月至2016年11月南方医科大学附属小榄医院减重中心收治的34例肥胖症或2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,按照推广ERAS前后分为加速康复外科组（ERAS组）和传统胃肠外科处理组（对照组）。其中,ERAS组注重术前宣教和呼吸功能训练,术后不留置胃管、尿管,腹腔引流管不留置或较短时间留置,术后合理镇痛,早期进食和活动。对照组按传统胃肠外科围手术期处理。对比两组患者在平均住院时间、术后疼痛评分、术后进食及活动时间的差异,分析讨论目前实施ERAS的优点和存在问题。 结果ERAS组术后平均住院时间短（3.6±0.7）d vs.（8.3±2.8）d,P<0.05;无严重并发症发生;术后疼痛NRS评分低于对照组（3.3±0.8）vs.（5.5±1.3）,P<0.05;无腹腔引流管或留置短时间;术后活动时间早,卧床时间短,（0.8±0.5）d vs.（2.6±0.7）d,P<0.05;肛门排气时间提前（0.4±0.4）d vs.（3.6±0.6）d,P<0.05。 结论在减重与代谢手术的围手术期措施中,实施ERAS优于传统护理模式,可显著缩短住院时间,患者恢复迅速,值得临床推广。     

中、重度青少年肥胖病患者代谢手术治疗后随访研究

目的探讨中、重度青少年肥胖病患者代谢手术治疗后6个月的安全性和有效性。方法选取2015年11月至2019年1月于南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院内分泌科接受代谢手术的17例13～19岁肥胖病患者,分析术前、术后6个月一般资料、生活方式、人体成分、代谢指标及相关并发症。结果 17例患者未发生中转开腹、死亡等手术并发症;术后进餐时长增加,喜油炸食品及快餐食品减少(P0.05);久坐时间减少[(6.53±2.45)vs(8.76±3.51)h,P0.05]。与代谢手术前相比,术后6个月BMI、WHR、体脂百分比、SBP、DBP下降(P0.01)。糖脂代谢指标、肝肾功能、尿酸等均较术前改善(P0.05);贫血、铁代谢等营养指标未见明显变化。术前存在非酒精性脂肪性肝病、高尿酸血症、IGT等合并症患者术后均缓解(P0.05)。结论代谢手术改变中、重度青少年肥胖病患者不良生活方式,安全有效减重,改善人体成分,缓解肥胖相关代谢紊乱及并发症,中、重度肥胖青少年代谢术后短期获益,代谢手术多学科团队有利于保证手术安全性及有效随访。     

肥胖及2型糖尿病代谢手术术式比较

代谢手术治疗肥胖和T2DM已成为内外科的共识,代谢手术的概念已逐渐代替原减重手术的名称。代谢手术目前主要有腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(LRYGB)、腹腔镜袖状胃切除术(LSG)、腹腔镜可调节胃束带术(LAGB)及腹腔镜胆胰转流术或腹腔镜胆胰转流术+十二指肠转位术(LBPD或LBPD-DS)。从目前的文献证据来看,减重降糖效果最好的是LBPD或LBPD-DS,其次是LRYGB,最差的是LAGB。短期的随访结果表明,LSG和LRYGB减重及降糖效果相当,但随机对照研究表明,LRYGB降糖效果优于LSG。LBPD或LBPD-DS术后营养并发症发生率较高。对于T2DM手术缓解率的预测因素除术式外,还有糖尿病病程,C-P等。     

择期行减重手术患者的心理控制源状况

目的了解择期行减重手术患者的心理控制源倾向及其与生活质量的相关性。 方法选择2016年9月至2018年6月暨南大学附属第一医院胃肠外科接受减重手术的90例肥胖症患者作为研究对象。采用多维度健康心理控制源量表(MHLC)、广泛性焦虑量表（GAD-7）、患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表（PHQ-9）、健康调查简表(SF-36)对90例择期行减重手术治疗的住院患者进行问卷调查。 结果择期行减重手术患者心理控制源的健康内部控制分值低于常模(P<0.05)，健康权威人士控制和健康机遇控制分值高于常模(P<0.05)。有情绪障碍与无情绪障碍患者之间的健康机遇控制分值差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。心理控制源健康机遇控制分值与生活质量评分呈负相关(P<0.05)。 结论情绪障碍影响患者心理控制源，心理控制源健康机遇控制与生活质量呈负相关，择期行减重手术患者健康权威人士和机遇心理控制源倾向明显。     

3D腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术八例治疗体会

目的探讨3D高清腹腔镜在食管裂孔疝修补术中的临床应用价值。 方法对徐州医学院附属淮安医院2014年11月至2015年2月,行3D腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术8例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中3例予以单纯缝合,5例使用补片。 结果8例均顺利进行3D腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补手术,无中转及死亡病例,平均手术时间为(110±18)min,平均出血量为(28±13)ml,恢复流质饮食时间为(2.0±0.3)d,平均住院时间为(8.9±2.5)d,无严重术后并发症的发生,术后1个月临床症状完全消失,未出现疝复发。 结论3D高清腹腔镜能实现精细化操作,使用3D腹腔镜行食管裂孔疝修补手术更方便,手术质量更高,并发症更少,并取得良好的近期疗效。     

腹腔镜肝切除治疗肝脏占位性病变

目的探讨腹腔镜技术在肝脏占位性病变中的临床应用价值。方法收集哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院2009年4月-2013年10月完成的78例肝脏占位性病变手术患者的临床资料,依据手术方式分为完全腹腔镜肝脏切除术(pure laparoscopic resection,PLR)组(47例)和开腹肝切除术(open hepatectomy,OH)组(31例),并对两组患者术中及术后情况进行比较分析。结果 PLR组:3例因术中大出血而中转开腹;2例转为手助腹腔镜技术下完成;术后4例胆漏发生,给予抗炎治疗及充分引流后愈合;7例术后出现少量渗血,给予止血、输注冷沉淀凝血因子及充分引流后痊愈,围手术期无其他并发症发生,无死亡患者;OH组术后2例胆漏发生,给予抗炎治疗及充分引流后愈合;3例术后出现少量渗血,给予止血、输注冷沉淀凝血因子及充分引流后痊愈;1例切口感染,给予勤换药等对症处理后愈合,围手术期无其他并发症发生,无死亡患者。PLR组与OH组在切口长度、住院时间及术后进食时间上比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组在手术时间、术中出血及术后并发症上比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经临床应用表明,腹腔镜对肝脏占位性病变的切除是安全可行的,并且能够达到创伤小、痛苦小、恢复快、美容效果好等优点。     

Complications of laparoscopic colorectal surgery

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test if the techniques learned during our early learning experience have proved to be effective in reducing the complications specifically related to the laparoscopic technique of colorectal surgery. METHODS: From October 1991 until July 1996, 195 laparoscopic operations were performed on the colon and the rectum. These data were divided into “early” and “latter” groups. The conversion reasons and early and late postoperative complications were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Incidence of conversions required because of iatrogenic injuries showed a decline from 7.3 percent in the early group to 1.4 percent in the latter group. Sixty-six postoperative complications were observed in 59 (30.3 percent) patients. Complications specifically related to the technique of laparoscopic surgery occurred in nine (4.6 percent) patients. These were postoperative bleeding in three patients, port site hernias in five patients, and left ureteric stricture in one patient. Eight (6.5 percent) of these complications occurred in the early group, whereas one (1.4 percent) occurred in the latter group. Analyzing the conversions caused by intraoperative iatrogenic injuries and the specific postoperative complications together reveals that the incidence of 13.8 percent (17/123) in the early group has been reduced significantly to 2.8 percent (2/72) in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our experience, we have identified techniques, which are discussed in detail, to make laparoscopic colorectal surgery safe. Strict adherence to these techniques has significantly reduced the incidence of complications, specifically those related to the laparoscopic technique.     

Reoperation of biliary tract by laparoscopy： Experiences with 39 cases

AIM：To evaluate the safety and feasibility of biliary tract reoperation by laparoscopy for the patients with retained or recurrent stones who failed in endoscopic sphincterotomy.
METHODS：A retrospective analysis of data obtained from attempted laparoscopic reoperation for 39 patients in a single institution was performed, examining open conversion rates, operative times, complications, and hospital stay.
RESULTS：Out of the 39 cases, 38 （97%） completed laparoscopy, 1 required conversion to open operation because of difficulty in exposing the common bile duct. The mean operative time was 135 min. The mean post-operative hospital stay was 4 d. Procedures included laparoscopic residual gallbladder resection in 3 cases, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and primary duct closure at choledochotomy in 13 cases, and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and choledochotomy with T tube drainage in 22 cases. Duodenal perforation occurred in 1 case during dissection and was repaired laparoscopically. Retained stones were found in 2 cases. Postoperative asymptomatic hyperamlasemia occurred in 3 cases. There were no complications due to port placement, postoperative bleeding, bile or bowel leakage and mortality. No recurrence or formation of duct stricture was observed during a mean follow-up period of 18 mo.
CONCLUSION：Laparoscopic biliary tract reoperation is safe and feasible if it is performed by experiencedlaparoscopic surgeons, and is an alternative choice for patients with choledocholithiasis who fail in endoscopic sphincterectomy.     

Treatment of bile duct lesions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

From January 1990 to June 1994, 53 patients who sustained bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy were treated at the Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre. There were 16 men and 37 women with a mean age of 47 years. Follow up was established in all patients for a median of 17 months. Four types of ductal injury were identified. Type A (18 patients) had leakage from cystic ducts or peripheral hepatic radicles, type B (11 patients) had major bile duct leakage, type C (nine patients) had an isolated ductal stricture, and type D (15 patients) had complete transection of the bile duct. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) established the diagnosis in all type A, B, and C lesions. In type D lesions percutaneous cholangiography was required to delineate the proximal extent of the injury. Initial treatment (until resolution of symptoms and discharge from hospital) comprised endoscopy in 36 patients and surgery in 26 patients. Endoscopic treatment was possible and successful in 16 of 18 of type A lesions, five of seven of type B lesions, and three of nine of type C lesions. Most failures resulted from inability to pass strictures or leaks at the initial endoscopy. During initial treatment additional surgery was required in seven patients. Fourteen patients underwent percutaneous or surgical drainage of bile collections, or both. After endoscopic treatment early complications occurred in three patients, with a fatal outcome in two (not related to the endoscopic therapy). During follow up six patients developed late complications. All 15 patients with complete transection and four patients with major bile duct leakage were initially treated surgically. During initial treatment additional endoscopy was required in two patients. Early complications occurred in eight patients. During follow up seven patients developed stenosis of the anastomosis or bile duct. Reconstructive surgery in the early postoperative phase was associated with more complications than elective reconstructive surgery. Most type A and B bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (80%) can be treated endoscopically. In patients with more severe ductal injury (type C and D) reconstructive surgery is eventually required in 70%. Multidisciplinary approach to these lesions is advocated and algorithms for treatment are proposed.     

Personal experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a surgical team consisting of the same operator and the same first assistant to evaluate a personal learning curve of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODOLOGY: In the 135 patients who underwent the laparoscopic cholecystectomy, operative complications, postoperative complications and operative time were evaluated on the basis of using different camera assistants and the chronological advancement of the same operator and the same first assistant. RESULTS: The average operative time was 120 +/- 54 minutes. The operative time was statistically longer in the first ten cases. The major complication during operation, which was ligation of the common bile duct, occurred in the 7th case. The other operative complications, such as minor bile duct injury or mild bleeding, occurred occasionally in spite of experience or inexperience; the operative complications, however, tended to occur under the same camera assistant. On the other hand, the operative time was not related to the use of different camera assistants. CONCLUSIONS: From the personal learning curve of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, operative time is relatively longer in the early 10 cases. Complications tend to occur under the same camera assistant.     

困难性腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期处理体会

目的探讨困难类型腹腔镜胆囊切除围手术期的处理方法及并发症的预防。方法利用回顾性分析临床资料的方法,选择广东省中山大学附属东华医院1999年-2013年10月82例因急性胆囊炎、Mirizzi综合征、腹部手术史伴腹腔严重粘连、萎缩性胆囊炎、合并肝硬化等困难类型腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料,总结经验和教训。结果除6例中转开腹(占7.31%)外,余均用腹腔镜成功完成手术;术后胆道损伤、胆瘘2例,再次手术后治愈;术后出血4例,保守治疗后痊愈;术后不明原因、不同程度胆漏者10例,经引流后自愈。结论对于困难类型腹腔镜胆囊切除术,虽然手术操作难度大,风险高,只要围手术期处理方法适当,仍可以在腹腔镜下完成手术。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in gallstone patients with acute cholecystitis

It remains controversial whether patients with gallstones with acute cholecystitis should be operated on early, or whether surgery should be delayed until the acute phase subsides. To help resolve this question, we retrospectively studied 109 patients with acute cholecystitis, 56 of whom underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy after acute cholecystitis had subsided (delayed group) and 53 of whom underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy—within 7 days after admission (early group). On admission, the inflammatory findings in the two groups were very similar; however, at operation, the inflammatory findings were alleviated in the delayed group, while they remained unchanged in the early group. The mean operative time for the two groups was very similar. As for intraoperative complications, there was no conversion to laparotomy in either group, and there were no major complications in either group. The total hospital stay was 37.7 ± 14.4 days for the delayed group and 12.7 ± 2.0 days for the early group, showing a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy seems to be better than delayed treatment for patients with gallstones with acute cholecystitis. Received: April 27, 1998/Accepted: November 27, 1998     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜再手术治疗肝内外胆管结石35例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜再次手术治疗肝内外胆管结石的可行性以及安全性。方法以2008年1月至2012年5月35例接受腹腔镜胆道再次手术的肝内外胆管结石患者作为腹腔镜组,同期50例接受开腹手术的复发性肝内外胆管结石患者作为开腹手术组,采用t检验比较两组患者在术后早期下床活动、肠功能恢复以及住院时间等方面的差异,两组间切口感染率的比较采用χ2检验。结果 35例腹腔镜组病例中32例顺利完成腹腔镜手术,2例因黏连严重中转开腹手术,1例因出现皮下气肿中转开腹。腹腔镜组再次胆道手术平均手术时间148（105～200）min;围手术期均无出血、胆漏并发症。所有病例均行T管引流。术后腹腔引流管置管时间2～5 d,术后住院时间5～8 d。腹腔镜组均无切口感染发生。经统计学分析,在术后早期下床活动时间、肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间以及切口感染率方面,腹腔镜组明显优于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。腹腔镜组3例术后2个月因残留结石行纤维胆道镜经窦道取石术。术后随访6～24个月腹腔镜组所有病例未发现结石复发。结论腹腔镜胆道再次手术的创伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快,在掌握适应症的情况下选择适当病例用于治疗肝内外胆管结石是安全有效的。     

聚丙烯补片在腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术的临床应用

目的探讨聚丙烯补片在腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2013年5月至2015年3月,住院治疗并使用聚丙烯补片(强生PHY补片)行腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术的38例患者临床资料,总结上述患者术前、术后6个月24 h食管pH监测、高分辨率食管测压、胃食管反流病调查问卷(GERD-Q)量表评分及术后并发症特点。 结果全部患者手术顺利无中转术式等情况,其中Nissen术式27例,Toupet术式8例,Dor术式3例。术后患者反流症状均较术前明显改善,术后反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、GERD-Q量表评分等较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后出现吞咽困难3例,腹部胀气2例,随访过程中无严重并发症发生,无复发。 结论使用聚丙烯补片行腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术是治疗食管裂孔疝的有效方法,具有微创、恢复快、并发症少、复发率低等特点。