桡骨远端粉碎骨折并关节面翻转的诊治体会

目的 探讨桡骨远端粉碎性骨折合并关节面翻转的诊断与治疗方法.方法 对4例(5侧)桡骨远端粉碎性骨折合并关节面翻转的患者,用CT断层扫描和三维重建技术进行诊断,采用外固定支架或结合有限内固定进行治疗.结果 术前3例获得确诊,1例(双侧)漏诊.术后4例获得6～30个月的随访,平均12个月.术前腕关节尺偏角为-10°～15°(平均12.5°),掌倾角为-25°～0°(平均-10°);术后尺偏角为20°～30°(平均25°),掌倾角为0°～20°(平均11.0°).按Dienst功能评估标准评定:优4侧,良1侧.术后无针道感染、针孔骨折、神经血管损伤、伤口感染及骨髓炎等并发症.结论 外固定支架结合有限内固定是治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折合并关节面翻转的有效治疗方法,其操作简单、固定可靠、并发症少、疗效满意.CT扫描和三维重建技术对诊断有一定的帮助.     

桡背侧双锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折

目的 探讨桡背侧双锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年3月至2009年12月采用桡背侧双锁定钢板治疗22例桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者,男12例,女10例;平均年龄47.5岁(21 ～ 78岁)。骨折AO分型：A3型1例;B2型5例;C1型2例,C2型11例,C3型3例。其中5例术中采用自体髂骨植骨。术后评估包括影像学测量尺偏角、掌倾角及桡骨高度,关节活动范围,握力测量,肩臂手功能丧失量表( DASH)评分,以及Gartland-Werley量表评分。结果 22例患者术后获平均19个月（12～32个月）随访。所钉患者骨折均在术后6个月内（2～6个月）获愈合。影像学测量尺偏角平均为25.3°(22°～29°),掌倾角平均为12.1 °(8°～14°),桡骨高度平均为1.1 cm(0.8 ～ 1.3 cm)。Stewart改良评分的优良率为90.9％。关节活动范围：背伸平均为53°(30°～68°),掌屈平均为47°(32°～65°),尺偏平均为22°(16°～ 30°),桡偏平均为14°(11°～ 32°),旋前平均为76°(30°～ 90°),旋后平均为72°(10°～ 90°)。以健侧为参考,术侧握力平均为72％ (15 kg)。DASH评分平均为11.4分（0～70分）,Gartland-Werley量表评分平均为3.4分（1～16分）。结论 桡背侧双锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折临床疗效较好,尤其是对于背侧皮质粉碎严重的患者,能够为骨折提供更加牢固的支撑。     

动力型外固定架结合经皮穿针治疗桡骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨动力型外固定架结合经皮穿针治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的效果。方法对15例桡骨远端C型骨折患者采用闭合复位、动力型外固定架结合经皮克氏针固定治疗。结果 15例均获得随访,时间11~24个月。末次随访X线检查显示:掌倾角8°~16°(13.2°±4.1°),尺偏角20°~29°(24.7°±5.1°)。腕关节活动度:背伸32°~50°(38.11°±16.01°),掌屈38°~59°(45.62°±12.67°),桡偏12°~17°(14.05°±4.23°),尺偏20°~28°(24.76°±6.34°)。按Dienst标准评价:优10例,良4例,可1例。1例出现针道浅表感染,经治疗后好转。结论动力型外固定架结合经皮穿针内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折复位满意,并发症少,关节功能恢复满意。     

低切迹锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨极远端骨折的疗效

目的 探讨低切迹锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨极远端骨折的疗效。方法 采用低切迹锁定钢板内固定治疗17例桡骨极远端骨折患者。记录手术时间、术后并发症、骨折愈合时间,测量桡骨远端掌倾角、尺偏角,采用Gartland-Werley评分量表评价腕关节功能。结果 手术时间45～65(56. 8±4. 9) min,均未进行植骨。患者均获得随访,时间6～12个月。骨折均愈合,时间4～8周。随访期内无切口感染、骨折块移位、骨折不愈合、内固定失效、骨折延迟愈合、螺钉松动或断裂等并发症发生。末次随访时,桡骨远端掌倾角10°～15°(11. 8°±2. 4°),尺偏角20°～25°(22. 1°±2. 5°);采用Gartland-Werley评分量表评价腕关节功能:优9例,良7例,中1例,优良率16/17。结论 采用低切迹锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨极远端骨折并发症少,骨折愈合快,腕关节功能恢复好,疗效较好。     

桡骨远端骨折伴骨质疏松32例手术疗效分析

目的探讨老年患者合并骨质疏松的桡骨远端骨折手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2011-03—2014-12间手术治疗32例不稳定桡骨远端骨折合并骨质疏松患者的临床资料。结果患者均获随访12~30个月。均未发生感染、内(外)固定松动断裂、腕管综合征、肌腱激惹、正中神经损伤、骨延迟愈合和骨不连等。术后1年掌倾角为(16.5°±2.5°),尺偏角为(21.2°±1.3°)。按照改良Mc Bride评价标准评定:优18例,良12例,可2例;优良率93.75%。结论手术治疗不稳定桡骨远端骨折合并骨质疏松能够较好恢复桡骨远端解剖结构及桡骨远端尺偏角、掌倾角及桡骨长度,使桡腕关节面达到解剖复位,恢复腕关节功能,减少创伤性关节炎等后遗症的发生。     

钢板预置关节镜复位技术(PART)治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的 研究使用钢板预置关节镜复位技术(PART)治疗桡骨远端骨折,将腕掌侧锁定钢板技术与腕关节镜有效结合,提高C型桡骨远端骨折(AO分型)的治疗效果.方法 自2009年2月～2011年7月使用PART技术对13例桡骨远端C型骨折进行手术治疗,行桡骨远端骨折切开复位后予克氏针及预置掌侧锁定钢板临时固定骨折,在腕关节镜下对关节面处骨折行进一步复位,满意后用钢板螺钉将骨折完全固定.结果 桡骨远端关节面台阶移位及水平移位均在2 mm内.掌倾角0～15°,平均13.4°,尺偏角17～26°,平均22.3°.桡骨远端高度无短缩.采用Gartland和Werley评分标准对腕关节功能进行评价:优8例,良4例,中1例.结论 PART技术治疗桡骨远端C型骨折,将腕掌侧锁定钢板技术与腕关节镜有效简便结合,提高了关节面骨折复位水平,骨折固定坚强,可早期进行腕关节功能锻炼,临床效果优异.     

掌背侧联合入路分步复位内固定治疗AO-C3型桡骨远端骨折

目的 探讨掌背侧联合入路并掌背侧分步复位内固定治疗AO-C3型桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效与手术方法。方法回顾性分析自2016-02—2021-03采用掌背侧联合入路并掌背侧分步复位内固定治疗的17例单发AO-C3型桡骨远端骨折,所有病例均先行掌侧Henry入路,显露桡骨远端掌侧关节面骨折块后,复位掌侧骨折块并先行锁定板单皮质锁定钉内固定,然后取背侧切口显露背侧、桡骨茎突骨折块和关节面塌陷骨折块,以掌侧骨块复位后的关节面为参照来复位骨折块并固定。比较双侧掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度、腕关节屈伸范围、尺桡偏、前臂旋转活动度、握力,采用DASH评分和与Mayo腕关节功能评分评价腕关节功能。结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12～27个月,平均15.3个月。所有骨折均愈合,无感染和血管神经损伤发生。术后3、6、12周患侧的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度与健侧比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。末次随访时患侧的腕关节屈伸范围、尺桡偏、前臂旋转活动度、握力与健侧比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。末次随访时患侧DASH评分平均36.9(32～42)分,Mayo腕关节功能评分平均89.5(81...     

外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

桡骨远端骨折是骨科的一种常见病，目前治疗的方法仍以传统的复位石膏固定居多，对大多数桡骨远端关节外的简单骨折可获得较为满意的疗效。但对不稳定的桡骨远端粉碎性骨折，尤其是关节内骨折，单纯行石膏外固定很难做到关节面良好的对位和稳定的固定，从而易造成桡骨远端短缩、掌倾角与尺偏角减小、关节面不平整，从而继发腕关节疼痛及关节功能障碍。     

腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折

目的采用腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折,并初步评价其治疗效果。方法15例桡骨远端关节内骨折患者,采用腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗。常规X线片检查结合腕关节镜观察,测量手术前后尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨短缩、关节面“台阶”和关节内骨折缝隙。患者主观症状用疼痛标尺法测量,腕关节功能按Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley计分法评价。结果术后患肢掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩和关节内骨折复位情况除2例关节内骨折缝隙大于2mm外,均获得满意效果;患者疼痛计分平均1.2分;腕关节功能优10例,良4例,一般1例。结论通过本组病例观察,可动力化外固定器技术可以较好地维持桡骨远端关节内骨折的稳定。腕关节镜手术有助于精确恢复关节面的平整。两项技术的结合使用较好地解决了维持桡骨关节面高度和恢复关节面平整的问题。     

外固定加有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨外固定架结合有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法自2001年1月至2004年5月采用外固定架加有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折35例。男16例,女19例;年龄21～75岁,平均47.3岁。按AO/ASIF分型:A3型9例,C2型9例,C3型17例。开放性骨折4例,但皮肤及软组织损伤较轻,污染轻。手术方法中单纯手法牵引复位加外固定架27例,经皮钢针撬拨复位加外固定架5例,尺骨固定加外固定架3例。受伤至手术时间为0.5h～21d,平均6.6d(2例陈旧性骨折除外)。结果术后随访5～30个月,平均12个月。按照解剖学上的恢复结果,解剖复位9例、功能复位24例、接近功能复位2例。术前尺偏角为-15°～15°(平均10.5°)及掌倾角-30°～0°(平均-10°),术后尺偏角20°～35°(平均25°)及掌倾角0°～20°(平均11.5°)。关节功能疗效按Dienst功能评估标准进行评定:优12例、良21例、可2例。无针道感染,无针孔骨折,无医原性神经、血管损伤,无伤口感染及骨髓炎等并发症。结论外固定架结合有限内固定是治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的一种较好的方法,其操作简单、固定可靠、疗效满意、并发症少。为桡骨远端骨折的治疗提供一种能明显促进骨折愈合、减少术后感染的新思路。     

Dorsal plating for comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the radius.

Forty-one dorsally displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with the dorsal Symmetry plates. The average age at the time of the injury was 49 years. An average follow-up period was 15 months. The final radial length averaged 11 mm, radial inclination 23 degrees, volar tilt 7 degrees, ulnar variance 1.5 mm, and articular incongruity 0.3 mm. According to the Gartland and Werly scales, 36 fractures were excellent and five were good. However, ulnar variance increased more than 3 mm during follow-up in eight patients, and volar tilt increased more than 5 degrees during follow-up in ten patients. Use of dorsal Symmetry plate is effective for unstable comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures, but severely comminuted fractures may possibly undergo re-displacement post-operatively.     

掌侧锁定接骨板与外固定架固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端关节内骨折的疗效比较

目的比较掌侧锁定接骨板与外固定架固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端关节内骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2018-03诊治的78例不稳定桡骨远端关节内骨折,47例采用掌侧锁定接骨板固定手术治疗(锁定板组),31例采用外固定架手术治疗(外固定组)。比较2组手术时间、并发症情况,以及末次随访时关节塌陷情况、DASH评分、Gartland-Werley评分、握力、屈曲度、背伸度、旋前度、旋后度、桡侧倾斜度、尺侧倾斜度。结果 78例均顺利完成手术,随访时间12~32个月,平均16.2个月。锁定板组手术时间较外固定组长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组并发症情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时2组DASH评分、Gartland-Werley评分、握力、腕关节背伸度、旋后度、桡侧倾斜度以及尺侧倾斜度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);锁定板组在屈曲度、旋前度表现较外固定组更好,关节塌陷数较外固定组少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论掌侧锁定接骨板手术治疗不稳定性桡骨远端关节内骨折能更好地恢复腕关节的屈曲和旋前功能,维持关节面平整性,但并不能减少并发症以及获得更好的功能评分;医师应综合考虑骨折分型、关节面塌陷以及患者的需求,选择合适的手术方法。     

Intra-articular distal radius fractures: Arthroscopic assessment of radiographically assisted reduction

The optimal means of assessing articular displacement during closed reduction of distal radius fractures is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo accuracy of fluoroscopy (C-arm) and plain radiographs (XR) in measuring articular step-off and gap and to determine if postreduction arthroscopy can identify malreduced intra-articular fractures that would benefit from reduction. Fifteen intra-articular distal radius fractures underwent closed manipulation and percutaneous pinning. Reduction was assessed sequentially by C-arm, XR, and wrist arthroscopy. The width of gapping between articular surface fragments was underestimated to a statistically significant degree by both C-arm and XR. The magnitude of articular step-off measured with arthroscopy was not statistically different than that measured radiographically. In 5 (33%) cases, the optimal reduction obtained using C-arm and XR was found to have an articular displacement of >1mm by adjunctive arthroscopy. Complete reduction and pinning was performed with satisfactory results. These results suggest that adjunctive arthroscopy may detect residual gapping of the articular surface that is not seen by C-arm or XR. Residual displacement noted by adjunctive arthroscopy may prompt another reduction effort and result in an improved articular alignment of intra-articular distal radius fractures.     

陈旧性Barton骨折的治疗

目的 分析陈旧性Barton骨折的原因,探讨其检查与处理方法.方法 对16例陈旧性Barton骨折(掌侧骨折11例,背侧骨折5例),通过x线片检查并结合CT检查确定骨折的类型.关节面的移位程度和腕关节脱位程度.11例掌侧骨折采用掌桡侧切口T型金属板固定,5例背侧骨折采用桡骨远端背外侧切口有限内固定加外固定架固定.结果 术后随访时间为10～36个月,平均12.5个月.X线片显示骨折全部愈合,腕关节面掌倾角为10°～15°,平均11.3°;尺偏角16°～25°,平均20°;桡骨轴向无短缩.按Mehara功能评价:优13例,良2例,可1例;优良率为93.8%.结论 切开复位内固定术是治疗陈旧性Barton骨折的一种积极而有效的方法.CT检查对Barton骨折的诊断、了解关节面的移位情况、确定手术复位及固定可靠程度有一定的临床意义.     

非角度稳定性钢板固定治疗桡骨远端关节内背侧移位骨折的结果

Objective Intra-articular fractures of the distal radius in young adults comprise a distinet fracture pattern that is diffficuh to manage and associated with a high frequency of post-traumatic arthritis.Restoration of articular congruency and alignment should improve the outcome.Methods In this study we prospectively re- viewed the results of 21 consecutive cases of dorsally displaced intra-articular distal radius fractures which were treated with internal fixation after failing to achieve articular congruency with closed reduction.Results 3 patients were lost to follow-up.For the rest of 18 patients,follow-up time ranges from 18 to 75 weeks the fractures had healed with highly satisfactory radiographic and functional results.The final volar tilt averaged 4.9°;radial inclination 23.9°;radial length 14mm;and articular incongruity,0.1 mm.Wrist motion at final follow-up examination aver- aged flexion 62°,extension 60°,radial deviation 16°,ulnar deviation 27°,pronation 77°and supination 74°.Grip strength averaged 83% of the uninjured side.The overall outcome of 18 patients(94.4%)had a good or excellent result according to the system of Gartland and Werley and 18 patients(72.2%)had a good result according to the modified system of Green and O'Brien at the most recent evaluation.The only complication in this series was a superficial pin tract infection,which was rapidly resolved with removal of pins at 5th week of external fixation. Conclusion Thus restoration of articular congruency and alignment is possible with minimal complication using modern non-angular stable methods of internal fixation.     

Functional outcome of unstable distal radius fractures: ORIF with a volar fixed-angle tine plate versus external fixation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of 2 treatments for unstable distal radius fractures: open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) through a volar approach with a fixed-angle implant and a standard external fixation (EF) method. METHODS: This study included patients with comminuted unstable intra-articular and extra-articular distal radius fractures treated by a single surgeon. Data were gathered retrospectively on 11 patients treated with EF who had been followed up for an average of 47 months (range, 12-84 mo). Prospective data were gathered on 21 patients who were treated with ORIF through a volar approach with a fixed-angle implant. Follow-up evaluation for this group averaged 17 months (range, 12-24 mo). The 2 groups were compared for range of motion (ROM), strength, and functional outcome as measured by the Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH). Fracture reduction was evaluated from radiographs taken at the last follow-up visit and compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean passive wrist ROM at the final follow-up evaluation in EF patients was 59 degrees extension and 57 degrees flexion, compared with 63 degrees extension and 64 degrees flexion in patients treated with ORIF. Passive pronation/supination arc of motion was similar for the 2 groups, as were the DASH and PRWE scores. Grip strength as a percentage of the opposite wrist was significantly greater in the external fixation group, a possible consequence of longer follow-up evaluation. Final radiographic measurements for the EF group averaged 5 degrees volar tilt and 25 degrees radial inclination, with 2.2-mm ulnar-positive variance. The ORIF with volar plating group averaged 10 degrees volar tilt and 22 degrees radial inclination, with .5-mm ulnar-negative variance. Radial length and volar tilt were significantly greater for the ORIF group. The average final intra-articular step-off was significantly different, with 1.4-mm step-off in the EF group and .4 mm in the ORIF group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ORIF with a volar fixed-angle implant resulted in stable fixation of the distal articular fragments, allowing early postsurgical wrist motion. The PRWE and DASH scores for the groups were equivalent, whereas intra-articular step-off, volar tilt, and radial length were better in the ORIF group. There were few complications, implant removal was not necessary, and early postsurgical wrist ROM was initiated without loss of reduction.     

锁定加压钢板内固定联合植骨治疗Barton骨折

目的 探讨应用锁定加压接骨板(LCP)联合支撑植骨治疗Bartoll骨折的临床疗效.方法 2002年6月-2008年1月,对30例Barton骨折患者,采用切开复位支撑植骨LCP内固定法治疗.术后早期进行合适的康复锻炼.结果 术后30例均获得3-24个月的随访,平均12个月.术后X线片显示骨折全部愈合.掌倾角6°～16°,平均10.4°;尺偏角17°～25°,平均20.1°.桡骨纵向无短缩.采用腕关节功能及X线片测量指标进行综合评定:优20例,良8例,差2例;优良率达93.3%.结论 应用锁定加压钢板内固定联合支撑植骨治疗Banon骨折,能最大限度地恢复桡骨与尺骨的相对长度、掌倾角及尺偏角,关节面平整.术后配合合理的康复锻炼,能使腕关节功能达到最大的恢复.     

外固定架结合组合克氏针治疗不稳定性桡骨远端关节内骨折

目的 探讨外固定架结合组合克氏针技术治疗不稳定性桡骨远端关节内骨折的方法及效果.方法 对46例不稳定桡骨远端关节内骨折患者,采用外固定架结合组合克氏针技术进行治疗.按AO/ ASIF分型:C1型27例,C2型16例,C3型3例.根据改良的Sarmiento评分,从掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩和关节面台阶方面对桡骨远端影像学进行评估;采用Gartland-Werley功能评分标准对腕关节功能进行评估,对结果进行统计学分析.结果 所有患者均获得10～ 42个月的随访,平均25个月.掌倾角由术前(- 18.5±10.2)°改善至术后(8.7±3.8)°,尺偏角由术前(- 14.6±4.5)°改善至术后(17.5±6.1)°,桡骨短缩由术前(6.0±2.1)mm改善至术后(0.7±0.3)mm,关节面塌陷由术前(5.3±3.6)mm改善至术后(0.8±0.2)mm.按Sarmiento评分标准评定:优31例,良15例;按GartlandWerley功能评分标准评定:优19例,良23例,可4例.结论 外固定架结合组合克氏针技术是治疗不稳定性桡骨远端关节内骨折的一种有效方法,复位固定可靠,手术创伤小,可减少复位丢失.     

Volar fixation of dorsally displaced distal radius fractures using the 2.4-mm locking compression plates

PURPOSE: To determine whether volar fixed-angle plate fixation with a new plate system could be used to treat dorsally unstable distal radius fractures. We hypothesized that volar fixed-angle plate fixation with or without radial styloid fixed-angle plate fixation would provide sufficient rigidity to allow early active range of motion without compromising fracture reduction. The initiation of early active motion may improve functional outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of one institution's initial experience using a new volar fixed-angle plate system to treat dorsally displaced intra-articular and extra-articular distal radius fractures. Thirty-two fractures in 32 patients with dorsally displaced distal radius fractures were treated with a volar fixed-angle plate with or without a radial styloid fixed-angle plate. Fractures were classified using the AO classification. Radiographic parameters on preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up radiographs were compared. The time to initiation of active range of motion was determined. Final follow-up ranges of motion and complications were reported. Finally, comparisons were made between the 23 fractures treated with a volar plate alone and the 9 fractures treated with a volar plate and a radial styloid plate. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 13 months. Two thirds of the fractures were intra-articular. Average loss of reduction from initial postoperative to final follow-up radiographs was 0 degrees of volar tilt, 1 degrees of radial inclination, and 0 mm of radial length. Active wrist and forearm ranges of motion were initiated at an average of 11 days after surgery. The final follow-up flexion-extension and pronation-supination arcs averaged 112 degrees and 151 degrees , respectively. The 9 fractures treated with the combination of a fixed-angle volar plate with a fixed-angle radial styloid plate had greater initial displacement than did the 23 fractures treated with a volar plate alone. Otherwise, differences between the 2 groups were not significant. Only 1 radial styloid plate became symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: Volar plate fixation using a new fixed-angle plate system successfully can stabilize dorsally unstable distal radius fractures. Early active range of motion was facilitated without compromising fracture reduction.     

固定角度掌侧接骨板结合克氏针治疗不稳定桡骨远端骨折

目的 探讨固定角度掌侧接骨板结合克氏针治疗不稳定桡骨远端骨折的临床效果.方法 2005年1月至2007年12月对19例不稳定桡骨远端骨折采用切开复位固定角度掌侧接骨板结合克氏针固定治疗,随访临床效果.结果所有患者随访5-14个月,平均11个月,所有患者均骨性愈合,愈合时间5-16周,平均愈合时间9.6周.掌倾角5°～12°,平均9.4°;尺偏角18°～24°,平均21°.6例轻度疼痛,4例活动受限,平均屈伸角度121°,平均握力为健侧的84.2%,桡骨长度得到恢复,关节面台阶＜1 mm.Cooney腕关节评分:优4例,良13例,可2例,优良率89.5%.结论 固定角度掌侧接骨板结合克氏针固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端骨折,可以获得满意的临床效果.