颈胸上段食管癌根治性放化疗靶区范围对预后生存的影响

目的 探讨颈胸上段食管癌根治性放化疗时调强放疗靶区范围对生存预后的影响,并结合失败模式,为颈胸上段食管癌放射治疗靶区勾画提供参考标准。方法 回顾性收集2010年至2014年间在本院接受根治性同期放化疗的132例颈胸上段食管癌患者临床资料,其中选择性淋巴引流区照射（ENI）者71例,累及野照射（IFI）者61例。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算局部控制（LC）、无进展生存（PFS）、总生存（OS）,并行Log-rank法检验、COX风险模型单因素及多因素预后分析。结果 随访至2017年12月底,中位随访时间59.5（14.2~95.8）个月,随访率为99.2%。ENI组与IFI组1、3、5年LC分别为77.5%、58.8%、48.8%和64.3%、29.1%、26.2%（χ²=9.68,P=0.002）,PFS分别为68.6%、37.7%、25.9%和47.5%、17.2%、3.6%（χ²=11.39,P=0.001）,OS分别为81.7%、53.9%、31.3%和70.5%、31.9%、16.3%（χ²=7.70,P=0.006）。多因素分析显示T分期、N分期和照射范围是局部控制、无进展生存和总生存的独立性预后影响因素（P<0.05）。ENI组总失败率和局部区域复发率均明显低于IFI组（χ²=13.23、5.24,P<0.05）。ENI组和IFI组≥ 3级的放射性食管炎、肺炎和骨髓抑制差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 颈胸上段食管癌患者接受根治性放化疗时,选择性淋巴引流区照射可明显降低局部区域复发和远处转移,进而改善长期生存。     

胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移规律及相关危险因素的临床研究

目的 研究胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移规律及其相关危险因素,为食管癌患者放射治疗靶区的勾画提供理论依据。方法 回顾性分析大连医科大学附属二院手术切除的319例胸段食管鳞癌患者的临床病理资料。淋巴结分组按美国胸科协会(AST)修订的图谱,将食管区域淋巴结分为20组。探究淋巴结转移规律及其与发病部位、肿瘤长度、浸润深度、分化程度、脉管癌栓的关系,分析其相关的潜在危险因素。结果 319例胸段食管鳞癌患者的淋巴结转移率为48.90%(156/319),淋巴结转移度为15.70%(562/3581)。胸上、中、下段淋巴结转移率分别为35.48%、47.06%、56.43%,有从上而下逐渐增加的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),以胸下段为最高。20组淋巴结中胸上段1、2、4、5、7、9组的淋巴结转移度较高(χ²=27.38,P<0.05);胸中段2、4、5、7、8M组的淋巴结转移度较高(χ²=57.77,P<0.05);胸下段的4、5、7、8L、16、17、20组的淋巴结转移度较高(χ²=28.88,P<0.05)。因此,胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移的主要部位为食管旁、隆突下、气管旁、主肺动脉窗、胃左动脉旁、贲门旁和腹腔淋巴结。胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移与分化程度、病变长度、浸润深度、有无脉管癌栓有相关性(χ²=6.82、26.04、36.26、4.56,P<0.05),与性别、年龄、发病部位、切缘情况无相关性(P>0.05)。其中肿瘤病变长度、浸润深度是独立危险因素(OR=2.212、2.123,P<0.05)。结论 胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移与病变长度、浸润深度、分化程度、脉管癌栓有关,勾画靶区时应综合考虑以上相关因素进行个体化治疗。     

373例食管癌患者三维技术放疗预后分析

目的 观察对食管癌患者采用三维技术放疗的长期疗效,并分析预后影响因素。方法 回顾性分析接受三维技术放疗食管鳞癌患者373例。其中三维适形放疗（3D-CRT）231例,调强放疗（IMRT）142例;单纯放疗202例,放化疗联合171例;累及野（IFI）照射249例,选择性淋巴引流区预防（ENI）照射124例;根治量50~60 Gy者60例,60~70 Gy者313例。Kaplan-Meier法计算总生存（OS）率、无进展生存（PFS）率,预后影响行Logrank单因素分析和Cox法多因素分析。结果 全组l、3、5年OS率和PFS率分别为69.4%、33.7%、22.9%和63.8%、32.8%、22.4%,中位OS和PFS分别为22.7个月（95%CI 18.6~25.4个月）和19.2个月（95%CI 16.7~21.3个月）。单因素分析显示,患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、不同三维技术、是否联合化疗、淋巴引流区是否预防照射、不同根治量对OS和PFS无影响（P>0.05）;T分期、N分期、TNM分期和GTV体积影响OS和PFS的因素（χ²=5.836~14.526,P<0.05）;多因素分析显示,N分期和GTV体积是影响OS和PFS的因素（χ²=5.345~12.216,P<0.05）。两个淋巴结区域转移患者的OS和PFS曲线均差于1个淋巴结区域转移者（χ²=4.467,4.169,P<0.05）。结论 食管癌患者采用三维技术放疗的长期疗效明显提高。N分期和肿瘤体积是影响患者预后的独立因素,淋巴结转移区域数与患者预后密切相关。     

食管癌三维适形调强放疗不同靶区照射局部失败的剂量学比较

目的 探讨食管癌不同靶区范围根治性放疗后食管病变局部复发与受照剂量的关系。方法 回顾性分析244例行根治性三维适形调强放疗的食管癌患者资料,比较有无食管病变局部复发患者的靶区体积的剂量、体积参数,并分层比较不同影响因素时两组患者靶区体积的剂量、体积参数的差异。结果 食管病变局部复发组与无复发组各靶体积的剂量、体积参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。行淋巴引流区预防野(ENI)照射时,复发组与无复发组的剂量、体积参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而行累及野(IFI)照射时,复发组的GTV-V₆₀、CTV-V₆₀、PTV-V₆₀均明显小于无复发组(t=-2.08、-2.19、-2.08, P<0.05)。行ENI照射时的GTV、CTV、PTV所受剂量和PTV的剂量体积均明显大于IFI照射(t=1.97~3.12, P<0.05)。当食管病变局部GTV<30 cm³和未行同期化疗时,复发者的CTV-D_98%、CTV-D_95%所接受的照射剂量均明显低于无复发者(t=-2.24~-2.07, P<0.05)。结论 食管癌根治性放疗,淋巴引流区预防照射可使治疗靶区体积获得更大的处方剂量和更高的处方剂量体积,能够降低食管病变局部复发。尤其当食管病变偏小和未同期化疗时,从淋巴引流区预防照射中获益更大。     

食管癌根治性调强放疗靶区范围对预后生存的影响

目的 回顾性分析食管癌患者接受单纯根治性调强放疗照射范围对生存预后的影响并行亚组分析,为特定群体食管癌患者个体化放疗提供参考。方法 收集2006年至2015年在本院行单纯根治性调强放疗的564例食管癌患者临床资料,分为选择性淋巴引流区照射（ENI）组和累及野照射（IFI）组。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算无局部区域复发生存（LRFFS）、无进展生存（PFS）和总生存（OS）并行单因素分析,采用Log-rank法检验,COX风险模型进行多因素预后分析。结果 随访至2018年12月底,中位随访时间99.7（95%CI：77.5~122.1）个月,随访率95.9%。全组1、3、5年LRFFS分别为61.5%、26.5%、14.3%,PFS分别为56.7%、25.0%、13.4%,OS分别为73.0%、31.1%、16.8%。倾向评分配比法（PSM）后,ENI组（141例）和IFI组（141例）1、3、5年LRFFS、PFS和OS差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;多因素分析显示,肿瘤体积≤37 cm³和Ⅰ+Ⅱ期是LRFFS、PFS和OS预后良好的独立性影响因素。进一步亚组分析显示,ENI组和IFI组1、3、5年LRFFS、PFS和OS差异亦无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但ENI组的局部区域复发率降低（P=0.048）。结论 单纯根治性调强放疗食管癌患者,给予ENI照射可降低局部区域复发,但对无进展生存及总生存无明显影响。     

食管癌放疗后达完全缓解患者的失败模式分析

目的 分析食管癌放疗患者近期疗效为完全缓解（CR）患者的治疗失败模式,并分析影响近期疗效的因素。方法 选取260例行根治性放疗的食管癌患者进行研究,分析治疗后的失败模式及影响患者近期疗效和预后的影响因素。结果 全组患者治疗后完全缓解（CR）91例（35.0%）,部分缓解（PR）158例（60.8%）,无缓解（NR）11例（4.2%）。患者性别（χ²=7.647,P<0.05）、T分期（χ²=33.548,P<0.05）、N分期（χ²=13.365,P<0.05）、TNM分期（χ²=27.792,P<0.05）、病变X射线长度（χ²=20.851,P<0.05）和大体肿瘤体积（GTV）（χ²=41.772,P<0.05）为近期疗效的影响因素。全组患者局部复发75例（28.8%）,远处转移66例（25.4%）,复发伴远处转移16例（6.2%）。复发患者1、3、5年生存率分别为71.4%、15.4%、7.7%,显著低于无复发患者的78.1%、43.2%、33.1%（χ²=23.330,P<0.05）;转移患者1、3、5年生存率分别为68.3%、12.2%、4.9%,显著低于无转移患者的79.2%、43.3%、33.1%（χ²=29.350,P<0.05）。治疗后达CR者出现复发/转移的比率显著低于PR者和NR者（χ²=11.248、20.301,P<0.05）,CR总生存率、局部控制率、无远处转移生存率及无瘤生存率高于PR者和NR者（χ²=83.080、41.340、72.640、40.010,P<0.05）。T分期、N分期及近期疗效为独立性预后影响因素（HR=1.197、2.309、2.149,P<0.05）。结论 近期疗效为食管癌患者长期生存预后的影响因素,且与治疗后复发/转移密切相关,治疗后达CR者预后明显优于PR者及NR者。     

食管癌调强放疗淋巴引流区预防照射的同期对照研究

目的：探讨应用调强技术进行食管癌根治性放疗患者淋巴引流区预防照射的价值,筛选出淋巴引流区预防照射的适合人群,以进一步提高局部控制,改善长期生存。方法：对根治性放疗的食管癌初治患者进行同期对照研究,完成治疗计划且资料完整可供分析者148例,74例接受选择性淋巴引流区预防照射（ENI）,74例接受累及野照射（IFI）。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算两组患者局部控制率和生存率并进行单因素和多因素预后分析。结果：ENI组与IFI组1、3、5年局部控制率分别为72.5%、52.8%、50.6%和58.4%、35.8%、21.9%（χ²=7.881,P<0.05）。ENI组与IFI组1、3、5年生存率分别为74.3%、44.2%、24.5%和68.9%、27.6%、15.9%（χ²=1.903,P<0.05）。多因素分析发现临床T分期、病变部位、照射方式是影响全组患者局部控制的独立性因素,T分期、N分期、钡餐造影长度和化疗是影响全组患者生存的独立性因素。结论：ENI组的局部控制率较IFI显著提高,早期和胸中段食管癌患者行ENI照射局部控制及生存均能获益。     

肺免疫预后指数与局部晚期非小细胞肺癌放化疗预后的关系

目的 探讨肺免疫预后指数(LIPI)与局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(LA-NSCLC)放化疗预后的关系。方法 回顾性分析2013—2019年在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院行放化疗的LA-NSCLC患者临床资料。根据血液学衍生粒淋比(dNLR)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)检测结果,对患者进行LIPI评分,dNLR≤3及LDH≤正常值上限(ULN)为LIPI优组,dNLR＞3或LDH＞ULN为LIPI良组,dNLR＞3及LDH＞ULN为差组。采用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank法及Cox回归计算总生存(OS)及无进展生存(PFS)率。结果 共入组238例患者,中位随访时间37.1个月,全组中位PFS 16.1个月,中位OS 30.6个月。LIPI差组与优组、良组相比,OS及PFS较低(χ²=9.04、2.88,P＜0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,影响OS的因素包括性别、病理类型、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变和LIPI分组(χ²=6.10、13.66、10.58、9.04,P＜0.05)。仅LIPI分组是可影响PFS的因素(χ²=2.88,P=0.03)。多因素分析提示,EGFR突变及LIPI各分组与患者OS具有独立相关性(HR=1.31、1.36;95%CI:1.03~1.67、1.05~1.76;P＜0.05)。结论 LIPI是LA-NSCLC放化疗的潜在预后指标,但仍需前瞻性研究进一步证实。     

采用风险分类分析局部中晚期鼻咽癌单纯调强放疗疗效

目的 探讨采用风险分类方法评估局部中晚期鼻咽癌单纯调强放疗疗效的可行性,为前瞻性研究提供依据。 方法 将185例接受单纯调强放疗的局部中晚期鼻咽癌病例,按治疗后死亡风险分为高危组和低危组(无高危因素),高危因素包括下列之一:GTVnx > 30 cm³;T₄N₂M₀期;颈部多个淋巴结转移,其中一个短径 > 4 cm,以及任何T和N₃M₀期。分析和比较两组病例的临床疗效。 结果 中位随访时间110.9个月(6.7~152.4个月)。高危组和低危组的5年总生存率、局部区域无复发生存率、无远处转移生存率分别为61.0%和90.5%(χ²=30.298,P<0.05)、78.3%和91.5%(χ²=6.352,P<0.05)、71.6% 和92.0%(χ²=16.346,P<0.05)。 结论 该风险分类方法简单易行,可以区分局部中晚期鼻咽癌中的不同失败风险病例,有利于指导临床有针对性开展前瞻性研究。     

凋亡刺激蛋白抑制因子表达对鼻咽癌预后预测的研究

目的 探讨凋亡刺激蛋白抑制因子（iASPP）的表达水平与鼻咽癌预后的关系。方法 随访2012年1月至12月广西医科大学第一附属医院放疗科治疗的初诊鼻咽癌患者130例。临床分期依据2009 AJCC/UICC分期标准。所有患者均接受调强放射治疗,Ⅲ~Ⅳ_B期患者行铂类为基础的同步放化疗。采用免疫组织化学法检测iASPP在130例鼻咽癌组织中的表达情况,比较iASPP表达与临床病理因素的关系,并分析其表达对鼻咽癌患者疗效和生存的影响。结果 130例患者中iASPP阳性表达者86例（66.2%）,阴性表达者44例（33.8%）。不同N分期和临床分期患者的iASPP阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.565、4.947,P<0.05）。治疗后3个月,iASPP阳性表达者与阴性表达者的近期疗效差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。单因素分析显示,iASPP阳性表达者3年无远处转移生存（DMFS）和无进展生存（PFS）均低于iASPP阴性表达者（82.6% vs. 95.4%,χ²=4.335,P=0.037和74.4% vs. 93.1%,χ²=6.640,P=0.01）。N_2~3患者3年DMFS、PFS和总生存（OS）均低于N_0~1患者（χ²=8.058、9.554、6.987,P<0.01）。多因素分析显示,iASPP表达水平及N分期是影响PFS的独立预后因素（χ²=4.336、5.228,P<0.05）。结论 鼻咽癌患者iASPP阳性表达水平升高是影响预后的不利因素。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.