卵磷脂单分子膜表面张力系数和温度关系的实验研究

很多物质的表面张力系数α均随温度的升高而降低,卵磷脂是肺表面活性物质的主要成份,通过对该膜在27℃、37℃和42℃三个不同温度下表面张力系数的测定,了解其α与温度间的关系.实验发现:温度从27℃增加到37℃时,同一表面浓度下,α随温度升高而减小,温度升到42℃且表面浓度较大时,α值反而相对变大,这可能是由于41℃以上,碳氢链较长的卵磷脂发生相变(从胶体转变为液晶态)所致.     

医学物理学实验教学——测量液体表面张力系数的一种简易方法

目的：在医学物理学实验教学中,设计性实验内容的不确定性,需要实验方法的多样性,需要相关仪器设备的多样性,而各医学院校在医学物理学实验设备的投入上都不多,那我们如何立足现有仪器设备,自己动手,勇于创新,对其从新组合．从而保证设计性实验顺利完成,进行了有益的尝试。方法：立足现有仪器设备,用弹簧、读数显微镜代替焦利称．采用拉脱法和用一个新的测量液体表面张力系数的方法一相对法测量,使液体表面张力系数随浓度变化的研究获得了满意的结果。结果：该实验具有操作简单,待测量少,结果明显的特点,为表面张力系数的测量提供了一种简易可行的方法。结论：在现有仪器设备条件下,通过我们摸索、创新,可以组合出新设备,找到实验的新方法,保证医学物理学实验教学的顺利进行。     

液体粘滞系数测量的新装置

本文报告了一种测量液体粘滞系数的新装置,该装置采用比较法,其设计新颖,操作方便,重复性好。经过几个院校多次实际使用观察,测量数据准确,误差范围小,而且减少了粘度计的破损。可以用于大专院校作为液体粘滞系数测量的实验仪器。     

液体表面张力对滴丸成形的影响

滴丸是由药物和固体载体（基质）加热熔融成溶液、混悬液或乳浊液后,滴入不相混溶的冷凝液中,在界面张力作用下,使液滴收缩,并冷凝成固态而得到的丸剂。     

卵磷脂试样与配制方法测量条件的相关性研究

卵磷脂是肺表面活性物质的主要成份。研究卵磷脂的表面活性,通常采用形成单分子膜或悬浮液两种配制方法,但一般未注意到试样表面活性与配制方法、测量条件的依赖关系。作者就肺表面活性物质的基础研究中需要注意的这一问题进行研究的结果表明:①表面张力系数均随浓度增大而减小;②方法一配制的样品与时间、测量所用的量相关,而方法二则不显示与时间的依赖关系;③达到同一表面张力系数值所需卵磷脂的量因方法而异。     

肺内液黏度和表面张力测量的临床意义与测量方法

肺内液主要指由气道黏液和肺泡内表面衬里液所形成的一连续液体薄层,对于维持肺的健康至关重要。介绍肺内液流变学特性在维持气道稳定性、保证肺正常的屏障与清除功能、避免呼吸机相关性肺损伤和新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征表面活性剂替代治疗等方面的临床意义,同时总结Langmuir-Wilhelmy天平法、捕获气泡法、毛细管黏度计和旋转黏度计等液体表面张力和黏度测量的经典方法,以及粒子追踪微流变仪、轴对称液滴边缘形状分析等新技术,比较这些方法的优缺点,为临床研究肺内液流变学特性辅助肺疾病的诊断和治疗提供重要参考。     

颈椎横突和椎间孔的测量及临床意义

对山东地区50套成人椎骨的第3颈椎到1胸椎进行观察和测量，主要结果为：颈椎横突与脊柱水平面间的角度从上到下依次递增，其横突下倾角C3为10．82±2．18°，C7为134．12±12．43°。中位椎间孔的垂直轴线与脊柱正中矢状面之间的角度较小，而上下位角度较大，本结合临床及颈椎X线摄片方法进行了讨论。     

刻度软尺的设计及测量输液瓶中液体的应用

<正>临床上常用的瓶装溶液往往没有精准的刻度显示,大多数厂商仅以瓶装容量为单位,未在瓶身注明刻度标识溶液量。而临床输液时往往根据患者的病情需要输注溶液,输注时瓶身处于倒立位,很难准确估算输入人体的溶液量。我们依据不同规格的溶液瓶设计一种带有刻度的软标尺,在溶液倒立输注时可以准确测量输液瓶中剩余的液体量,以此来计算输入患者体内的液体量,不但直观可靠,在减少护理工作量的同时,还非常简单适用。     

对低于C0的洗衣粉溶液的研究分析

低于临界胶团浓度（Ｃ０）的洗衣粉溶液的表面张力系数（α）会随溶液存放时间的增长而变大，经搅拌，α值仍会上升，而且同一种浓度的溶液放在不同的容器中α的测量值会有差异。     

提高酸度计测量精度新方法的研究

本文从降低酸度计探头部分的系统误差，提高其测量精度的研究出发，提出了一种解决酸度计测量精度新的设计方法，而且这一新方法从理论上讲也适用于解决PH计之类的高内阻直流电压信号源的测量精度这一难题，为此，定义了一种全新的实用传感器电路类型-电荷耦合传感电路（3C电路），并用自行设计的电路证实了该方法的可行性和实用性，该新方法为大量PH计低成本地升级换代提供了一个新的途径。具有很大的经济和实用价值。     

Wettability and Surface Tension of Amphiphilic Polymer Films: Time‐Dependent Measurements of the Most Stable Contact Angle

The wettability of new amphiphilic block copolymer films is studied by measuring different types of water contact angles (static, receding, advancing, and most stable). The most stable contact angles are used to calculate the surface tensions of the films following the recently developed Marmur–Valal correlation. Most stable contact angles of water in an air‐in‐water system are also measured to study the changes in surface tension over relatively long periods of immersion time. The new approach yields surface tension values that are higher than those calculated by previous methods. The results suggest that reconstruction of the surface takes place at short time scale and continues to occur at long time scale. The responsive character of the polymer films can have implications for their use as biofouling release coatings.     

完全轮廓法的研究进展及在肺内液表面特性测量中的应用

完全轮廓法(ADSA)是一种通过分析液滴/气泡轮廓以计算表面张力和接触角的方法,其结合各种滴形控制装置可以满足不同的应用需求.首先简单介绍了完全轮廓法的测量原理以及悬滴法、捕获气泡法和限制性座滴法等几种典型的滴形控制装置,然后综述了最新的ADSA表面张力计算方法以及它们各自的优缺点.ADSA法相对于膜天平等传统的表面张...     

细胞表面抗原的定量测定方法

介绍了用流式细胞仪定量测定细胞表面抗原的方法, 测定了淋巴细胞表面CD4分子的数量. 该法操作简单, 结果可靠.     

单壁碳纳米管无纺膜表面的PEG修饰及蛋白质吸附研究

碳纳米管是一种纳米尺度的新型碳材料，具有独特的物理、化学性质。近年来，碳纳米管在生物医学领域的潜在应用前景已经引起科学界和产业界的极大兴趣与关注。与蛋白质分子的非特异性结合是碳纳米管应用于生物系统中必须考虑的基本问题之一。本研究应用扫描电镜和酶联免疫法作为评价方法，定性和定量地分析了血浆中重要凝血因子纤维蛋白原在单壁碳纳米管薄膜表面的非特异性吸附行为；同时，采用聚乙二醇（PEG）分子对单壁碳纳米管薄膜（SWNT膜）进行了表面修饰，通过x．光电子能谱（XPS）对材料表面的化学组成进行了表征，并初步探讨了PEG修饰对纤维蛋白原分子在SWNT膜表面非特异性吸附的阻止作用。实验结果表明，纤维蛋白原分子在SWNT膜表面有强烈的非特异性结合，吸附于薄膜表面的纤维蛋白原分子仍然保有自身的免疫原性。SWNT膜表面可以被PEG分子修饰，连接在薄膜表面的PEG分子可以在一定程度上抑制一定浓度范围内的纤维蛋白原分子的非特异性结合。     

Surface activity of extracts of the lungs and other organs

Monomolecular surface films are formed at the liquid—air interphase boundary in saline extracts not only of the lungs, but also of other organs. During compression and stretching of these films on a Wilhelmy balance surface tension (ST) — area isotherms typical of solutions of surfactants were recorded. Similar curves with a minimal ST of less than 12 dynes/cm were obtained during tests on monolayers of surfactants deposited on a liquid underlay from a volatile solvent. Lung surfactants differed from those of other organs in their high ability to reduce ST during compression of the monolayer.Department of Pathological Physiology, Karaganda Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. D. Gorizontov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 10, pp. 1218–1220, October, 1976.     

Effect of EMG Biofeedback and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training on Awareness of Frontalis Muscle Tension

Awareness of muscle tension, as estimated by a modification of the Kinsman et al. (1975) procedure for determining probability of correct estimation (P(c)) of absolute differences in muscle tension between adjacent trials, was examined before and after volunteer subjects underwent 4 sessions of either: 1) EMG biofeedback (BF) training, 2) progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training, or 3) a placebo-control (MC) procedure which involved listening to music as an alleged guide for relaxation. The subjects were 30 females (mean age = 28.3 yrs) responding to an offering of experimental treatment for anxiety and tension. Measurements of frontalis muscle tension (EMG) and P(c) were made before and after training. The results showed that EMG was significantly reduced by BF and PMR training but not by the MC procedure. Increases in P(c) after training were significantly greater for BF than for PMR or MC training. There were no group differences for subjective report of tension. Correlations between pre- to post-training EMG and P(c) change scores were significant only for the BF group and the combined group of BF and PMR subjects. These results suggest that: 1) both BF and PMR training were effective in producing frontalis EMG reductions, 2) the following relationship may exist among training groups in terms of relative influence upon awareness of tension—BF training > PMR training > MC training, and 3) awareness of tension appears to be related to the ability to reduce EMG although the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear.     

Frontalis Muscle Tension and Sleep Latency

This study examined the relationship between frontalis muscle tension and sleep latency. Fifteen subjects reporting various sleep latencies participated. In addition to recording frontalis muscle tension, sleep was monitored on a polygraph for 3 nights. Contrary to expectation, the waking frontalis EMG level did not predict sleep latency. If future research were to show a similar lack of relationship between tension in other muscle groups and sleep onset, it would call into question the use of muscle relaxant drugs and muscle relaxation training in the treatment of sleep-onset insomnia.