血管内治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 总结血管内治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2014年1月南方医科大学珠江医院神经外科采用血管内治疗的8例大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料.Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级1例;动脉瘤位于P1段1例,P2段5例,P3段2例;动脉瘤直径4 ～10 mm.行载瘤动脉及动脉瘤栓塞术5例,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞3例.结果 术后造影显示动脉瘤均为致密栓塞.除1例出现左侧肢体肌力下降外,其余患者均无手术相关的并发症.8例患者均获得6～12个月随访,其中7例未见动脉瘤复发;1例初次治疗后动脉瘤复发的患者,再次行载瘤动脉及动脉瘤闭塞治疗后6个月,DSA提示载瘤动脉再通,再次置入2枚弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉,6个月后动脉瘤再次复发.1年后改良的Rankin量表评分0分7例,1分1例.结论 血管内治疗大脑后夹层动脉瘤安全,短期疗效较好.     

大脑后动脉动脉瘤的血管内治疗

大脑后动脉动脉瘤在颅内所有动脉瘤中仅占0．7％-2．3％。由于大脑后动脉迂曲的走行以及周围复杂的解剖关系,外科手术治疗此类动脉瘤往往具有较高的风险。随着血管内治疗技术的发展和材料的改善,这类动脉瘤越来越多经由血管内途径治疗。国内外文献报道,血管内治疗与传统手术治疗相比,具有较低的并发症发生率。     

远侧大脑前动脉动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗

目的探讨远侧大脑前动脉动脉瘤的临床与影像学特征及其血管内栓塞治疗的安全性与疗效。方法回顾性分析29例远侧大脑前动脉动脉瘤的血管内治疗经验。采用载瘤动脉闭塞3例,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞2例,单纯瘤内弹簧圈栓塞23例,单纯弹簧圈治疗失败后改行开颅手术1例。结果28例血管内栓塞治疗获得成功。25例采用弹簧圈瘤内填塞病人中,致密栓塞22例（88．0％）．大部栓塞2例（8．0％）,部分栓塞1例（4．0％）。术后死亡2例（6．9％）,重残2例（6．9％）,轻残2例（6．9％）,余病人恢复良好。采用DSA随访14例,MRA随访5例;显示复发2例（10．5％）,其中1例为术后3年发生再出血病例,行再次栓塞治疗。结论血管内栓塞治疗远侧大脑前动脉动脉瘤安全有效,但具有一定的复发率,需长期密切随访。     

大脑后动脉远端动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的 探讨大脑后动脉远端动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗方法及特点.方法 10例动脉瘤,P2段6例(囊状2例、梭形2例、夹层2例)、P2-P3交界处1例(夹层)、P3段3例(夹层).对于囊状动脉瘤采用弹簧圈栓塞并保留载瘤动脉的方法;梭形动脉瘤采用支架重建瘤腔的方法;P2段及P2-P3交界夹层动脉瘤采用弹簧圈栓塞并闭塞载瘤动脉的方法;P3段夹层动脉瘤采用Glubran胶栓塞并闭塞载瘤动脉的方法.结果 随访半年至1年,预后良好.DSA复查9例,未见动脉瘤复发.结论 对于大脑后动脉远端动脉瘤,根据动脉瘤的类型及部位采用不同的血管内介入治疗方法,短期随访可以获得较好的疗效.     

未破裂大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的 探讨未破裂大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床特点及其血管内治疗效果。 方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院连续血管内诊治的20例未 破裂大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床资料,并进行影像学和临床随访。 结果 20例大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤中,男11例（55.0%）,女9例（45.0%）,年龄（46.2±15.5）岁。位 于P1段4例（20.0%）,P2段12例（60.0%）,P1-P2段2例（10.0%）,P3段2例（10.0%）。单纯弹簧圈栓 塞3例（15.0%）,载瘤动脉闭塞11例（55.0%）,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞6例（30.0%）。术后即刻影像学 结果,Raymond分级：1级15例（75.0%）,2级5例（25.0%）。术后并发症：缺血事件2例（10.0%）,术 后出现肌力1级1例,3级1例,均经对症治疗3个月后好转。16例（80.0%）影像学随访10.5（6.5）个月, Raymond分级：1级13例（81.3%）,2级2例（12.5%）,术后复发（3级）1例（6.2%）行2次支架辅助栓 塞,6个月影像学随访无再复发。20例（100.0%）临床随访12（9.3）个月,改良的rankin量表（modified Ranki n scal e,mRS）0分9例（45.0%）,mRS 1分5例（25.0%）,mRS 2分5例（25.0%）,mRS 3分1例 （5.0%）,预后良好率为95.0%。 结论 大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤多位于P2段,根据部位选择合适的血管内栓塞方法,临床效果满意。     

血管内栓塞治疗再通的大脑后动脉血栓性夹层动脉瘤一例

大脑后动脉（posterior cerebral artery，PCA）动脉瘤较少见，约占颅内动脉瘤的1％^[1]。半数以上的PCA动脉瘤为大型、巨大型动脉瘤或夹层动脉瘤。大型动脉瘤常伴瘤内血栓形成，但瘤腔内完全血栓者少见，完全血栓化的动脉瘤再通的报道更少见^[2]。瘤颈再通是完全血栓化动脉瘤的一种转归，提示完全血栓化并非这类动脉瘤的最后状态，如不处理仍存在出血的风险。     

合并同侧胚胎型大脑后动脉的后交通动脉动脉瘤栓塞术后复发的影响因素分析

目的 探讨合并同侧胚胎型大脑后动脉（fPCA）的后交通动脉动脉瘤（PCoAA）血管内栓塞术后复发的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年1月血管内栓塞治疗的68例合并同侧fPCA的PCoAA的临床资料。术后6个月复查DSA或320-CTA判断动脉瘤复发。结果 68例中,术后复发22例,未复发46例;术后复发率为32.4%（22/68）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,单纯弹簧圈栓塞（OR=10.393;95％CI 1.715~62.967;P=0.011）、术后即刻不完全栓塞（OR=12.097;95％ CI 2.644~55.354;P=0.001）是术后复发的独立危险因素。结论 合并同侧fPCA的PCoAA血管内栓塞术后复发率较高,单纯弹簧圈栓塞、术后即刻不完全栓塞病人术后复发率风险高,需要更为密切的随访。     

血管内栓塞治疗大脑中动脉破裂动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨大脑中动脉破裂动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的安全性、有效性。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2017年11月栓塞治疗的37例（38枚动脉瘤）大脑中动脉破裂动脉瘤的临床资料,其中相对窄颈动脉瘤（瘤颈/瘤体<1/2）14枚,相对宽颈动脉瘤（瘤颈/瘤体≥1/2）18枚,绝对宽颈动脉瘤（瘤颈>4 mm）6枚。结果 栓塞后即刻DSA显示,Roymond分级Ⅰ级栓塞34枚,Ⅱ级4枚。1例术中出现动脉瘤破裂,术后病情加重死亡;1例术后出现载瘤动脉痉挛,1例术中出现血栓事件,经对症处理后治愈。术后随访6~18个月,改良Rankin量表评分0~2分33例,3~6分4例;预后良好率为89.1%。26例DSA随访显示动脉瘤未显影23例,复发3例。结论 血管内栓塞治疗大脑中动脉破裂动脉瘤是安全的、有效的,但需要严格把控手术适应证。     

大脑前动脉A_1段动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨大脑前动脉A_1段动脉瘤的血管内治疗方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年4月至2017年2月采用血管内方法治疗的25例大脑前动脉A_1段动脉瘤的临床资料,15例采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞,5例采用支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,1例A_1段宽颈动脉瘤合并烟雾综合征予以球囊辅助栓塞,1例微小动脉瘤使用2枚enterprise支架重叠释放置入,3例行弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉。结果术后即刻造影显示:Raymond分级Ⅰ级19例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级1例;无弹簧圈突入载瘤血管、术中动脉瘤破裂及支架内血栓形成等并发症。出院时,改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分0分17例,1分5例,2分1例,4分2例。16例术后临床和影像学随访3~24个月,未出现再出血和脑缺血并发症,m RS评分0分11例,1分3例,2分1例;2例复发,均为单纯弹簧圈填塞的动脉瘤,继续行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,术后无并发症。结论血管内方法治疗大脑前动脉A_1段动脉瘤安全有效,为保证成功栓塞,需要结合各种辅助技术和方法,其远期疗效需要进一步随访。     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨血管内治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析采用血管内治疗的24例大脑中动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料,包括患者年龄、临床分级、动脉瘤出血量、部位、形态、瘤颈宽度、血管痉挛程度及术中应用技术等。结果100%栓塞17例,95%栓塞4例,90%栓塞3例。1例患者术中血管痉挛加重致不完全失语。随访无动脉瘤再破裂出血病例,1例患者出现迟发性血管痉挛。结论血管内治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的方法。     

颅内外动脉狭窄合并颅内无症状动脉瘤的血管内治疗策略研究

目的 探索颅内外动脉狭窄合并颅内无症状动脉瘤的安全和有效的血管内治疗策略。 方法 回顾性分析北京天坛医院急诊介入科2012年9月～2013年8月收住的因颅内外动脉狭窄拟行支 架治疗且合并颅内无症状动脉瘤的患者26例。对其临床、影像学资料、治疗措施及结果、并发症及预 后等进行分析。 结果 26例患者共发现≥70%的狭窄或闭塞病变54处,动脉瘤30枚（非同流域16枚,狭窄后7枚,狭窄 处3枚,狭窄前4枚）。26例患者中21例实施了狭窄病变的支架置入术,共干预25个狭窄/闭塞病变,技 术成功率100%。选择个体化的动脉瘤干预措施：16例患者的17枚动脉瘤（非同流域、直径＜5 mm、 夹层）建议随访观察;2例患者的2枚动脉瘤（直径＞5 mm、形状不规则）择期行栓塞术;5例患者的 6枚动脉瘤（狭窄后、狭窄处、多发性、直径＞5 mm、后交通段）同期行栓塞术或支架覆盖;3例患者 的5枚动脉瘤（狭窄后、分叶状、多发性、直径＞5 mm）建议介入治疗但因家属拒绝手术等原因选择随 访观察。术后发生脑室出血1例。临床随访10～21个月,所有患者均预后良好,仅发现无症状性支架内 再狭窄1例。 结论 颅内外动脉狭窄合并颅内无症状动脉瘤时根据动脉瘤与狭窄病变的位置关系,动脉瘤大小、 形态、位置、数量和患者情况等综合分析后给予个体化血管内治疗安全、有效。     

Endovascular Treatment of 429 Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms Using Bare-Platinum Coils : Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes at the Long-term Follow-up

ObjectiveWe reviewed the feasibility, safety and efficacy as well as the clinical outcome and long-term angiographic results of endovascular treatment (EVT) of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms.MethodsA total of 429 ACoA aneurysms in 426 patients were treated using coil embolization between March 1996 and October 2010 in a single institution. Pretreatment aneurysmal features were checked using angiogram. We had usually used tailored steam shaped microcatheter according to individual angiographic architectures. Immediate postembolization outcomes were evaluated using an angiographic outcome scale and clinical evaluation was performed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).ResultsPostembolization angiograms demonstrated total occlusion of aneurysm in 290 of 429 (67.6%) aneurysms, neck remnant in 80 (18.6%) and body filling in 59 (13.8%). Dome direction and aneurysm angle was not associated with initial angiographic outcomes. The procedure-related morbidity rate was 0.9% (4 of 429). Clinical and imaging follow-up more than 6 months were available in 382 (89.0%) patients with a mean of 26.2 months. Overall rate of major recanalization was 7.9% (30 of 382) and all of them were retreated without complications. At the last follow-up, 233 (99.2%) of 235 patients had GOS of 5 in unruptured group, and 152 (79.5%) of 191 patients showed good clinical outcomes (GOS of 4 or 5) in ruptured group.ConclusionTailored steam shaping of the microcatheter is vital to achieve good angiographic outcomes regardless of aneurysmal direction. EVT is feasible and safe for most ACoA aneurysms with acceptable immediate and long-term outcomes.     

Endovascular Treatment of Aneurysms Arising from the Proximal Segment of the Anterior Cerebral Artery

Objective

Aneurysms arising from the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery (A1) are rare and challenging to treat. The aim of this study was to report our experience with endovascular treatment of A1 Aneurysms.

Methods

From August 2007 through May 2012, eleven A1 aneurysms in eleven patients were treated endovascularly. Six aneurysms were unruptured and 5 were ruptured. One patient with an unruptured A1 aneurysm presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Procedural data, clinical and angiographic results were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

All of the aneurysms were successfully treated with coil embolization. Six were treated with a simple technique while the remaining 5 required adjunctive technique : double catheters (n=2), balloon-assisted (n=2), and stent-assisted (n=1). The immediate angiographic control showed a complete occlusion in all cases. Procedure-related complication occurred in only one patient : parent artery occlusion, which was not clinically significant. All patients had excellent clinical outcomes but one patient was discharged with a slight disability. No neurologic deterioration or bleeding was seen during the follow-up period in this cohort of patients. Follow-up angiography (mean, 20 months) was available in ten patients and revealed stable occlusion in all cases.

Conclusion

Endovascular treatment is a feasible and effective therapeutic modality for A1 aneurysms. Tailored microcatheter shaping and/or adjunctive techniques are necessary for successful aneurysm embolization because of the projection and location of A1 aneurysms.     

Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms

Objective

Aneurysms arising from the pericallosal artery (PA) are uncommon and challenging to treat. The aim of this study was to report our experiences of the endovascular treatment of ruptured PA aneurysms.

Methods

From September 2003 to December 2013, 30 ruptured PA aneurysms in 30 patients were treated at our institution via an endovascular approach. Procedural data, clinical and angiographic results were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Regarding immediate angiographic control, complete occlusion was achieved in 21 (70.0%) patients and near-complete occlusion in 9 (30.0%). Eight procedure-related complications occurred, including intraprocedural rupture and early rebleeding in three each, and thromboembolic event in two. At last follow-up, 18 patients were independent with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2, and the other 12 were either dependent or had expired (mRS score, 3-6). Adjacent hematoma was found to be associated with an increased risk of poor clinical outcome. Seventeen of 23 surviving patients underwent follow-up conventional angiography (mean, 16.5 months). Results showed stable occlusion in 14 (82.4%), minor recanalization in two (11.8%), and major recanalization, which required recoiling, in one (5.9%).

Conclusion

Our experiences demonstrate that endovascular treatment for a ruptured PA aneurysms is both feasible and effective. However, periprocedural rebleedings were found to occur far more often (20.0%) than is generally suspected and to be associated with preoperative contrast retention. Analysis showed existing adjacent hematoma is predictive of a poor clinical outcome.     

Aneurysms of Distal Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

Objective

Aneurysms are very rarely encountered in the distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). The authors experienced 5 cases with a distal PICA aneurysm among 368 cases of intracranial aneurysms during the period from January 2003 to January 2008. Here, the authors describe their clinical and surgical experiences and include a review of the relevant literature.

Methods

Using radiologic findings and charts, we retrospectively reviewed the surgical results of 5 cases with a distal PICA aneurysm treated from January 2003 to January 2008.

Results

The current five cases were composed of four cases of ''Good'' and one case of ''Fair''. No postoperative complications occurred other than a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt due to hydrocephalus in Case 2. In all five cases, treatment was successful without neurological deficit.

Conclusion

Surgical outcome of PICA aneurysms have been reported to be excellent because the amount of intraparenchymal injury is limited. More clinical experience, microsurgical technique developments, and endovascular surgery advancements are certain to improve treatment outcomes.     

脑静脉窦血栓形成的诊断与血管内治疗

目的 探讨脑静脉窦血栓形成的诊断和血管内溶栓治疗。方法 对8例以顽固性头痛、呕吐伴或不伴局灶性神经功能缺损或癫发作为主要表现的患者，采用颅脑MRI和脑血管造影检查确定诊断，并施行经颈内动脉、静脉窦内接触性溶栓或静脉窦内支架成形术协同抗凝治疗。结果 MRI显示相应脑静脉窦区出现长T2WI，短T1WI信号，DSA显示脑静脉窦闭塞、静脉侧支循环建立和脑动静脉循环时间延长。治疗后静脉窦完全或部分再通，脑循环时间接近正常，临床病情显著缓解。结论 血管内介入治疗可能是脑静脉窦血栓形成最有效的治疗方法之一，有待大样本研究证实。     

大脑中动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

报告34例大脑中动脉瘤显微外科手术的经验,其中1例有2个动脉瘤,共计35个动脉瘤,其中大和巨型动脉瘤14个(40％),除2个大脑中动脉主干梭形动脉瘤行动脉瘤包裹,2个巨型动脉瘤行M_1阻断伴颅内外动脉吻合外,其余(88％)均做动脉瘤颈夹闭或动脉瘤切除。无手术死亡,2例术后发生神经功能缺失。平均随访6年,优良率达93.8％。对手术入路、手术方法加以讨论。