右美托咪啶对腰椎融合术后舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果的影响

目的观察右美托咪啶持续低剂量输注对腰椎术后舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果的影响。方法 ASAⅠ∽Ⅱ级择期腰椎减压内固定术患者42名,年龄28∽65岁,随机分为舒芬太尼组（对照组）和右美托咪啶＋舒芬太尼组（试验组）。舒芬太尼累计用量,Ramsay评分,术后1、4、8、12、24 h两组自觉伤口疼痛的VAS评分,记录术后24 h期间的不良反应和异常情况。结果两组术后镇痛效果良好,但试验组术后各时点VAS评分小于对照组（P〈0.05）,而Ramsay镇静评分大于对照组（P〈0.05）。试验组术后12、24 h舒芬太尼累积用量小于对照组（P〈0.05）,各减少20.0%和26.7%。试验组恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论右美托咪啶辅助舒芬太尼用于腰椎术后静脉自控镇痛安全有效,可以减少术后舒芬太尼用量,降低不良反应发生率,患者舒适度、满意度增加。     

泵注右美托咪啶对上腹部手术患者术后芬太尼自控静脉镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨泵注右美托咪啶对上腹部手术患者术后芬太尼自控静脉镇痛效果的影响。 方法 将2015年2月-2016年4月74例在绍兴市中心医院择期进行上腹部手术的患者分为观察组和对照组。全部患者术后给予自控静脉镇痛。观察组采用右美托咪啶联合芬太尼,对照组仅采用芬太尼。于术后1、6、12、24、48 h对比2组患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO₂)、疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分、镇静(Ramsay)评分;对比2组有效按压次数、芬太尼剂量及不良反应发生情况。 结果 观察组有效按压次数、48 h芬太尼剂量均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后1、6、12、24 h的MAP、HR显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组术后各时间点SpO₂水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1、6、12、24 h观察组VAS评分显著低于对照组,Ramsay评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率(8.11%)显著低于对照组(29.73%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.638,P<0.05)。 结论 上腹部手术患者采用右美托咪啶联合芬太尼进行术后自控静脉镇痛,与单独运用芬太尼相比,能取得更好的镇痛及镇静效果,能有效降低芬太尼剂量,减少不良反应的发生。      

右旋美托咪啶用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后自控镇痛的临床观察

目的 观察右旋美托咪啶用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后自控镇痛(PCA)的安全性与效能.方法 选择行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者60例,按随机数字表法分为右旋美托咪啶组(D组,n=30)和芬太尼组(F组,n=30).记录2组术前,术后1、3、6、12、24、36和48 h的MBP、HR、RR、SpO2;观察并记录术后1、3、6、12、24、36和48 h镇痛效果[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分]、镇静评分、按压PCA键次数以及镇痛期间的不良反应.结果 2组患者MBP、RR、SpO2各时间点相比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);F组患者HR各时间点相比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),D组患者术后HR各时间点较基础值及F组明显降低(P＜0.05);2组患者的VAS评分和镇静评分比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);2组患者按压PCA键次数及镇静过度、呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);D组心动过缓发生率较F组明显升高(P＜0.01).结论 右旋美托咪啶可以安全有效地应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后PCA.     

舒芬太尼联合右美托咪啶在22例骨科术后患者自控静脉镇痛中的效果观察

目的探讨舒芬太尼联合右美托咪啶在骨科术后患者自控静脉镇痛中的效果。方法将44例行骨科手术的患者随机分为对照组(n=22)和观察组(n=22),对照组术后自控静脉镇痛药物为舒芬太尼,观察组在舒芬太尼的基础上联合右美托咪啶。观察两组患者自控静脉镇痛的血流动力学情况、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Ramsay镇静评分、舒适度评分(BCS)、不良反应等。结果观察组各时间点心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组比较术后各时段VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6、12h时间点Ramsay镇静评分观察组为(3.2±2.4)和(3.7±1.1)分,显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后各时间段BCS评分观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为9.1%(2/22),显著低于对照组的54.5%(12/22)。结论舒芬太尼联合右美托咪啶应用于骨科术后患者自控静脉镇痛,恢复活动早、不良反应少,更有利于骨科术后患者的功能锻炼。     

氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼在游离皮瓣移植术后镇痛的应用

目的:观察氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼在游离皮瓣移植术后镇痛的效果。方法:选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行游离皮瓣移植术病例60例,随机分成K组(氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼)和F组(芬太尼组),每组30例。K组于手术结束前15 min静脉推注氟比洛芬酯50 mg,F组静脉推注0.9 NaCl溶液4 ml,术后均采用芬太尼自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。记录术后2、6、12和24 h两组VAS评分和Ramsay评分,术后24 h两组PCA按压次数,芬太尼的用量及不良反应。结果:K组术后2、6、12 h VAS评分和Ramsay评分,术后24 h PCA按压次数,芬太尼用量均明显低于F组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼用于游离皮瓣移植术后静脉镇痛效果更好,能减少术后芬太尼用量及不良反应。     

地佐辛复合右美托咪定在开胸术后镇痛的应用效果

目的评价地佐辛复合右美托咪定在开胸术后的镇痛效果。方法选择行择期开胸手术患者96例,随机分为A、B、C组,每组32例,全部患者手术结束后,A组患者给予芬太尼+地佐辛+托烷司琼镇痛;B组患者给予氟比洛芬酯+地佐辛+托烷司琼镇痛;C组患者给予右美托咪定+地佐辛+托烷司琼镇痛;对3组患者术后2、4、8、24、48 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Ramsay镇静评分进行观察记录,并对3组患者术后24 h内单次自控镇痛(PCA)平均按压次数及头晕、恶心、呕吐、嗜睡等不良反应进行比较分析。结果 B组和C组患者术后2、4、8 h的疼痛VAS评分显著低于A组(P<0.05),且C组患者术后2、4 h的疼痛VAS评分显著低于B组(P<0.05);B组和C组患者术后2 h的Ramsay镇静评分显著高于A组(P<0.05),而术后4、8、24 h的Ramsay镇静评分显著低于A组(P<0.05)。B组和C组患者术后24 h内的PCA平均按压次数显著低于A组(P<0.05),而C组患者术后24 h内的PCA平均按压次数显著低于B组(P<0.05)。B组和C组患者的不良反应发生率显著低于A组(P<0.05)。结论地佐辛复合右美托咪定应用于开胸术患者的术后镇痛效果较好,较地佐辛复合氟比洛芬酯或芬太尼使用剂量更少,且不良反应少。     

右旋美托咪啶在甲状腺切除术后自控镇痛中的应用

目的探讨右旋美托咪啶在甲状腺切除术后自控镇痛中的安全性与效能。方法选择60例行甲状腺切除术患者按随机数字表法分为2组:右旋美托咪啶组(D组)和芬太尼组(F组),每组30例。观察D、F组患者术前,术后1、3、6、12、24、364、8 h的SBP、DBP、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化。记录D、F组患者术后各时间点的VAS评分及镇静评分及术后镇痛期间患者自控镇痛(PCA)按键次数和不良反应。结果 D、F 2组患者术前,术后1、3、6、12、24、36、48 h的SBP、DBP、RR、SpO2值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D组患者术后各时间点HR值较术前及F组明显降低(P<0.05)。F组患者术后各时间点VAS评分、镇静评分值与D组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D组术后镇痛期间心动过缓发生率较F组高(P<0.01)。结论右旋美托咪啶可安全、有效地应用于甲状腺切除术后自控镇痛。     

右美托咪啶对开胸手术术后芬太尼自控静脉镇痛效果的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪啶对开胸手术患者术后芬太尼自控静脉镇痛效果的影响。方法:ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级择期行开胸手术患者40例,随机分成2组,术后均行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),镇痛药配方为芬太尼20 μg/kg(C组),芬太尼20 μg/kg+右美托咪啶10 μg/kg(D组),用0.9%氯化钠注射液稀释至100 ml。初始负荷剂量2 ml,持续剂量2 ml/h,单次静脉快注(Bolus)剂量0.5 ml,锁定时间15 min。记录各组患者术后24 h内Bolus总按压次数及芬太尼用量,术后4、8、24、48 h的镇痛视觉模拟评分和Ramsay镇静评分,术后各组患者呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、心率<50次/分,收缩压<90 mmHg等不良反应的发生情况,于麻醉前、术后4、8、24 h测定血清皮质醇浓度;于术后48 h评价患者满意度。结果:与C组比较,D组术后24 h内Bolus总按压次数减少,芬太尼用量降低(P<0.01);D组各时点Ramsay镇静评分均较C组明显升高(P<0.01),D组术后4 h和8 h的镇痛视觉模拟评分均较C组降低(P<0.01和P<0.05);2组患者呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐发生率及术后4～48 h皮质醇水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),D组患者满意度高于C组(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪啶复合芬太尼用于开胸手术后PCIA的效果优于单独应用芬太尼。     

右旋美托咪啶在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后静脉自控镇痛中的应用

目的 探讨右旋美托咪啶用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)的安全性与效能.方法 将60例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者按随机数字表法分为2组:右旋美托咪啶组(D组)和芬太尼组(F组),每组30例.D组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术后采用右旋美托咪啶自控镇痛治疗,F组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术后采用芬太尼自控镇痛治疗.观察2组患者术前,术后各时间点(术后1、3、6、12、24、36、48 h )SBP、DBP、心率(HR)、R、动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化及术后镇痛期间PCIA按键次数和不良反应等情况.对术后各时间点的2组患者进行镇痛(VAS疼痛评分)及镇静评分.结果 2组患者术前,术后各时间点SBP、DBP、R、SpO2值比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),D组患者术后各时间点HR值较术前及F组明显降低(P＜0.05),F组患者术后各时间点VAS疼痛、镇静评分值与D组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),D组术后镇痛期间心动过缓发生率较F组高(P＜0.01).结论 右旋美托咪啶可安全、有效地应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后PCIA.     

右美托咪定对骨科老年患者术后谵妄的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对骨科老年患者术后谵妄发生率的影响。方法选择全麻下行择期骨科手术老年患者100例,随机分为右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组(C组)。D组在气管插管后采用注射泵以0.5μg/(kg·h)速率持续静脉注射,C组以相同方法静脉注射0.9%氯化钠溶液。两组均术毕前20 min内停止注射。记录术中七氟醚和芬太尼用量、术后VAS评分、术后Ramsay镇静评分、术后谵妄的发生率。结果两组患者芬太尼和七氟醚用量、VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分、舒适度评分、术后谵妄的发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与C组对比,D组患者术后谵妄的发生率降低,芬太尼和七氟醚用量减少,Ramsay镇静评分和舒适度评分更优,VAS评分降低(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定能减少骨科老年患者术后谵妄的发生率,其机理可能与其提供良好的镇静、镇痛和减少麻醉药物用量有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.