Metabolic consequences of childhood obesity--a preliminary report

INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity is increasing in Sri Lanka. Obesity related morbidity is mainly associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Recent studies have shown these serious health consequences in obese children. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of our study were to document the presence of MetS and NASH in obese Sri Lankan children, to correlate the fat mass (FM) with the waist circumference (WC) and the body mass index (BMI), and to compare the association of the WC, BMI and the WHR (waist-hip ratio) with the metabolic derangements. METHOD: Children attending the Obesity Clinic at Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo, from November 2004 to September 2005 were studied. The relevant sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements and examination findings were documented. After a 12-hour overnight fast, blood was taken for estimation of lipid profile, serum insulin, liver enzymes and blood glucose. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done in children over 5 years of age. Fatty infiltration of the liver was assessed by identifying specific features on ultrasonography and the degree of infiltration was given a score. We modified the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2004 guidelines to define MetS. NASH was defined as fatty infiltration of the liver associated with a raised serum ALT. RESULTS: Seventy children (40 boys) were studied. The mean (SD) age was 9.7 (2.5) and 9.3 (3.0) years for boys and girls respectively. Mean BMI was 25.9 in both groups. All patients had a WC > 98th percentile. MetS was found in 13 of the 63 (21%) children on whom all criteria were assessed. Sixty children had ultrasonography and NASH was seen in 11 (18%). The correlation of the percentage FM was greater with the BMI (r = 0.80; p < 0.001) than with the WC (r = 0.56; p < 0.001), but the WC was more significantly associated with the metabolic derangements than either BMI or WHR. CONCLUSIONS: Serious metabolic abnormalities are found in obese Sri Lankan children and the WC is a reliable indicator of these derangements.     

Application of the WHO Growth Reference （2007） to Assess the Nutritional Status of Children in China

Objective To assess the nutrition status of children and adolescents in China using the WHO growth reference （2007） in comparison with that defined by the International Obesity Task Force （IOTF） and the Working Group on Obesity in China （WGOC）. Methods Overweight and obesity were defined by age-, sex-, specific BMI reference developed by WHO （2007）, IOTF （2000）, and WGOC （2004）, respectively. Stunting and thinness were defined as height and BMI less than two standard deviations （SD） of the WHO growth reference （2007）, respectively. Data of children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years （n=54 857, 28 273 boys, 26 584 girls） from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey （CNNHS） were used in the study. Results The prevalence of overweight, obesity, stunting and thinness among Chinese children and adolescents aged 5-19 years was 5.0%, 1.2%, 13.8%, and 7.4%, respectively when the WHO growth reference （2007） was used, whereas the estimated absolute total number affected by these 4 conditions were 14.6, 3.7, 40.6, and 21.8 million, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18.1% in large cities, while the stunting prevalence was 25.1% in rural 4. Obesity prevalence assessed by the WHO growth reference was higher than that as assessed by the IOTF reference, and obesity prevalence assessed by the WGOC reference was lower than that as assessed by the IOTF reference. Conclusion The nutritional status of children and adolescents is not equal in different areas of China. Stunting is still the main health problem of the poor, while overweight and obesity are the main health problems in large cities.     

广州市7~14岁学龄儿童营养状况与贫血相关性分析

目的分析广州市学龄儿童的营养状况和贫血状况及两者之间的关系,为进一步探究中国城市儿童超重/肥胖与缺铁性贫血的关系提供初步的参考依据。方法随机整群抽取参加2013~2014年广州市学生体质健康检查的7~14岁学龄儿童,检测身高、体重和血红蛋白指标,依据身高体重指数(BMI)把学龄儿童的营养状况划分为消瘦、超重、体重正常和肥胖等四组。分析学龄儿童不同营养状况下的血红蛋白及贫血的分布规律,探讨消瘦、超重和肥胖等的营养状况与血红蛋白和贫血的关系。结果广州市区的3 187名7~14岁学龄儿童参与了本次调查,其消瘦、超重和肥胖率分别为6.3%、10.8%和8.0%。其中,男生超重和肥胖率明显高于女生(P值均0.01)。学龄儿童贫血率为2.2%,其中男生贫血率为2.3%,女生贫血率为2.2%,贫血率男女之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。学龄儿童的年龄与血红蛋白浓度均呈正相关关系(P0.01),并且消瘦者发生贫血的危险性较正常体重大(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.05~1.41,P0.05)。按性别分组后,男生BMI与血红蛋白浓度呈负相关关系(P0.01);与正常体重组比较,消瘦男生更易于发生贫血(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.07~1.53,P0.01)。女生中不同营养状况与贫血则未见明显相关。结论广州市7~14岁学龄儿童中消瘦男生发生贫血的危险性较大,但超重、肥胖与贫血之间未见明显相关性;而女生营养状况与贫血之间未见明显相关。     

Ethnic Differences in Body Mass Index and Prevalence of Obesity in School Children of Urumqi City, Xinjiang, China

Objective To investigate the prevalence of obesity and distribution of body mass index （BMI） in school children of four ethnic groups in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. Methods A total of 55 508 school children of Han, Hui, Uygur and Kazak nationalities aged 8-18 years were selected by a cluster sampling from a districts of Urumqi City for anthropometrie measurement and demographic survey. Prevalence of obesity and overweight and distribution of body mass index （BMI） by gender, age, and nationality were analyzed and compared. Cutoff points of BMI for defining obesity and overweight were based on the proposal set by the Working Group on Obesity in China （WGOC） to assess age-, gender- and nationality-specific prevalence of obesity and overweight. Results Prevalence of obesity was 5.34%, 6.78%, 3.39 %, and 1.22% for boys and 2.61%, 1.83%, 1.78%, and 1.40% for girls of Han, Hui, Uygur and Kazak nationalities, respectively. Prevalence of obesity tended to decrease with age overall, whereas that of overweight increased with age in Han children. Conclusions Prevalence of obesity in school children in Urumqi varies with their nationalities and is lower than that of an average national level and a level of western countries. Obesity is more prevalent in boys than in girls of Urmuqi overall, which is just the opposite in Kazak children. Han boys and Hui girls have the highest prevalence of obesity and Kazak boys and girls have the lowest ones. Prevalence of obesity decreases with age, but that of overweight shows a different trend.     

Overweight and obesity status among adolescents from Mexico and Egypt

BACKGROUND: Obesity is on the rise among adults, adolescents and children worldwide, including populations living in developing countries. This study aimed to describe body mass index of adolescents from Mexico and Egypt and to evaluate non-nutritional correlates from two cohort studies. METHODS: Questionnaire data and weight and height measurements were collected in two large baseline studies in adolescents between 11 and 19 years old attending public school during the 1998-1999 school year in Mexico (n = 10,537) and the 1997 school year in Egypt (n = 1,502). The authors compared body mass index and correlates stratified by sex and country through multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 19.8 and 7.9%, respectively, among the Mexican adolescents and 12.1 and 6.2%, respectively, among the Egyptian adolescents. Based on U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition growth charts, for Mexico 18% of boys and 21% of girls were overweight and 11% of boys and 9% of girls were obese. In the Egyptian sample, 7% of boys and 18% of girls were overweight and 6% of boys and 8% of girls were obese. The most consistent correlates of body mass index in the Mexican population were age, years of education, smoking, vitamin intake and participating in sports, whereas the factors correlated among Egyptian adolescents were age and rural residence. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and overweight are becoming a problem among Mexican and Egyptian youth. Information about the risk factors associated with excessive weight gain during the adolescent period is a first step towards proposing prevention strategies.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents: reassessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard international definitions.

OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents in two national samples, 10 years apart, using the new standard international definitions of the International Obesity Task Force Childhood Obesity Working Group. DESIGN: Body mass index (BMI) cut-off points defining overweight and obesity were applied to the individual BMI values in the two cross-sectional samples. SETTING: Australian community. PARTICIPANTS: 8,492 schoolchildren aged 7-15 years (Australian Health and Fitness Survey, 1985) and 2,962 children aged 2-18 years (National Nutrition Survey, 1995). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of overweight and obesity. RESULTS: In the 1985 sample, 9.3% of boys and 10.6% of girls were overweight and a further 1.7% [corrected] of boys and 1.6% [corrected] of girls were obese. In the 1995 sample, overall 15.0% of boys (varied with age from 10.4% to 20.0%) and 15.8% of girls (varied with age from 14.5% to 17.2%) were overweight, and a further 4.5% of boys (2.4%-6.8%) and 5.3% of girls (4.2%-6.3%) were obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the 1995 sample peaked at 12-15 years in boys and 7-11 years in girls. In schoolchildren aged 7-15 years, the rates represent a relative risk of overweight in 1995 compared with 1985 of 1.79 (95% CI, 1.59-2.00) and of obesity of 3.28 (95% CI, 2.51-4.29). Compared with previous estimates from these samples, the revised prevalence data are slightly higher for the 1985 data and considerably higher for the 1995 data. CONCLUSION: The secular trend of increasing overweight and obesity in the decade from 1985 and the high prevalence rates in Australian children and adolescents are a major public health concern.     

3. Management and prevention of obesity and its complications in children and adolescents

Obesity in children and adolescents has reached alarming levels--20%-25% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, and 4.9% of boys and 5.4% of girls are obese. Rates of obesity have increased significantly in Australia from 1985 to 1995, with the prevalence of overweight doubling and obesity trebling. Body mass index (related to reference standards for age and sex) is recommended as a practical measure of overweight and obesity in children, and is used in monitoring individual progress in clinical practice. Obesity in childhood and adolescence may be associated with a range of medical and psychological complications, and can predispose individuals to serious health problems in adult life, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Obesity interventions for which there is some evidence include family support, a developmentally appropriate approach, long-term behaviour modification, dietary change, and increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behaviour. Prevention of obesity in children and adolescents requires a range of strategies involving changes in both the microenvironment (eg, housing, neighbourhoods, recreational opportunities) and the macroenvironment (eg, food marketing, transport systems, urban planning).     

Sinhala translation of child behaviour checklist: validity and reliability

OBJECTIVE: To translate the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) into Sinhala and validate it for assessment of mental health status of children aged 5-10 years. DESIGN AND SETTING: Translation/back-translation method was used to translate the English CBCL into Sinhala. Each item in the Sinhala CBCL (CBCL-S) was rated by mental health professionals to determine semantics, content, and conceptual validity types. To ascertain criterion validity, total scores obtained for CBCL-S by administering it to parents or parent surrogates of 49 girls and 80 boys aged 5-10 years attending the specialist psychiatry clinics and 69 boys and 69 girls in the same age group from the community were compared with clinical diagnoses by a child psychiatrist. Receiver operator characteristic curves were drawn to obtain the cut-off points in CBCL-S for boys and girls separately. RESULTS: Semantics, content, and conceptual and criterion validity of CBCL-S were satisfactory. At the cut-off level of 39, CBCL-S had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 88% for boys and a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 92% for girls. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-interviewer reliability of CBCL-S were satisfactory. INTERPRETATION: CBCL-S is a valid and reliable instrument to measure mental health status of Sinhalese children aged 5-10 years in Sri Lanka.     

The Influence of Secular Trends in Body Height and Weight on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective To explore the influence of secular trends in body height and weight on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods The data were obtained from five cross-sectional Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI-for-age Z-score of per the Wold Health Organization (WHO) reference values. Body height and weight for each sex and age were standardized to those reported in 1985 (standardized height: SHY; standardized weight: SWY) and for each sex and year at age 7 (standardized height: SHA; standardized weight: SWA) using the Z-score method. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Chinese children was 20.2% among boys and 10.7%among girls in 2010 and increased continuously from 1985 to 2010. Among boys and girls of normal weight, SHY and SHA were significantly greater than SWY and SWA, respectively (P < 0.001). Among boys and girls with overweight/obesity, SHY was significantly lower than SWY (P < 0.001), and showed an obvious decreasing trend after age 12. SHA was lower than SWA among overweight boys aged 7-8 years and girls aged 7-9 years. SHY/SHW and SHA/SWA among normal-weight groups were greater than among overweight and obese groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion The continuous increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Chinese children may be related to a rapid increase in body weight before age 9 and lack of secular increase in body height after age 12.     

2014年中国7~18岁学生血压状况与营养状况的关联分析——基于中国儿童青少年血压评价标准

目的：分析2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年学生血压状况的流行病学现状及其与营养状况之间的关联性,为制定儿童血压防控措施提供依据。方法：利用2014年“中国学生体质与健康调研”结果中7~18岁的儿童青少年数据,依据我国儿童青少年分年龄、性别、身高百分位血压标准来评价血压状况,包括儿童血压偏高前期、血压偏高、单纯性收缩压偏高、单纯性舒张压偏高和混合性血压偏高。按照国际儿童青少年体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）标准评价儿童青少年营养状况,包括消瘦（重度消瘦和轻度消瘦）、正常BMI、超重和肥胖（重度肥胖和轻度肥胖）。利用多因素Logistics回归模型分析血压偏高与营养状况之间的关联性,并计算人群归因危险度评估超重肥胖控制对于预防儿童血压偏高的公共卫生学意义。结果：2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高和血压偏高前期的检出率分别为14.9%和 9.2%,儿童青少年血压偏高者中收缩压偏高、舒张压偏高和混合性血压偏高检出率分别为3.1%、8.8%和3.0%。血压偏高状况整体呈现为男生高于女生,乡村高于城市,随年龄逐渐增高,随地区（东部、中部和西部）逐渐降低,随BMI 的增加而增加的趋势。重度肥胖组的血压偏高检出率最高,男女生分别为 44.2%和38.8%,分别是正常组（15.8%和10.6%）的2.8倍和3.7倍。血压偏高与消瘦（重度消瘦和轻度消瘦）呈负相关,与超重肥胖呈正相关。血压偏高归因于超重肥胖的危险度为16.2%,控制超重肥胖后,血压偏高的期望检出率为12.5%,且对单纯性收缩压偏高和混合性血压偏高影响较大,归因危险度分别为28.7%和35.1%。结论：我国儿童青少年血压偏高检出率较高,且以单纯性舒张压偏高为主。超重肥胖可显著增加血压偏高的风险,尤其是对单纯性收缩压偏高和混合性血压偏高影响较大,通过控制超重肥胖可显著降低全国儿童高血压的发生风险,从而对预防成年期慢性病的发生具有重要意义。     

长治市小学生生长发育和营养状况分析

目的 了解长治市小学生生长发育及营养状况,为制定干预措施提供科学依据.方法 对长治市30所小学在校学生进行身高、体重等指标的测定,并采用〈中国学生7～22岁身高标准体重值〉和〈中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数分类标准〉进行营养状况判定和评价.结果 该市小学生身高、体重指标随年龄增加而增长,符合生长发育规律.小学生低体重检出率为1.0%,女生显著高于男生（P〈0.01）.而超重和肥胖率为15.4%和14.8%,男女生超重发生率无差别,但肥胖率男生均高于女生（P〈0.01）.结论 长治市小学生生长发育符合一般规律,但存在不同程度营养缺乏和超重、肥胖问题,亟需定期检查并采取有效措施来改善其营养状况.     

潮州市农村小学生营养知识、态度、行为和体质指数调查与分析

目的 了解潮州市农村小学生营养知识、态度、行为与体质指数(BMI)现状,为提高其健康水平提供科学依据。 方法 2015年5月随机抽取潮州市3所农村小学的983名学生,根据《国家学生体质健康标准》要求,测定学生身高、体重,计算BMI指数,根据BMI判断小学生的营养状况,同时采用自编营养与健康调查表对他们进行问卷调查,用SPSS 11.6对数据进行统计分析。 结果 983名学生中,低体重、超重和肥胖的检出率分别为15.56%、4.88%和1.63%,男生和女生低体重、超重和肥胖的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),男生低体重检出率在六年级时最高,女生则出现在五年级;男生超重检出率以三年级为最高,为6.72%,而女生则出现在四年级,占4.42%;肥胖检出率在潮州市农村小学生中相对较低。农村小学生的营养与健康知识水平较低,并且与文化程度有关;营养态度积极乐观;不良的饮食习惯、三餐比例不合理、营养摄入不均衡等行为广泛存在于小学生中。 结论 潮州市农村小学生营养不良和营养过剩同时并存,营养知识欠缺,有必要加强对农村小学生的营养教育和干预,提高学生的营养知识水平,使学生养成良好的饮食习惯,改善其营养健康状况。      

上海地区儿童超重和肥胖的评价标准比较

目的比较和分析四种基于身高、体质量的儿童肥胖的评价标准。方法选取上海市2347名7～8岁的儿童,其中男生1175名,女生1172名,测量其身高、体质量,并计算体质量指数。分别采用身高别体质量法（1985）标准（WFH1985标准）、中国肥胖问题工作组儿童青少年体质指数标准（WGOC标准）、欧洲国际肥胖工作组儿童青少年体质指数标准（IOTF标准）与美国疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年体质指数标准（CDC标准）评价儿童超重和肥胖的发生率。结果①男生超重发生率为IOTF标准明显高于其他三个标准（P〈0．05）,女生超重发生率IOTF标准明显高于WGOC标准和CDC标准（P〈0．05）;男生肥胖发生率IOTF标准明显低于其他三个标准（P〈0．01）;女生肥胖发生率IOTF标准明显低于WFH1985标准和WGOC标准（P〈0．01）。②WFH1985标准和WGOC标准对肥胖和超重的评价结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论WFH1985标准和WGOC标准比IOTF和CDC标准更适合我国儿童超重和肥胖发生率的筛查。     

吉林省延吉市儿童和青少年超重/肥胖现况调查及其影响因素分析

目的：调查2016年吉林省延吉市城区儿童和青少年超重/肥胖现状及相关的生活方式,阐明超重/肥胖的影响因素。方法：采用普查方法对吉林省延吉市城区6~17岁的儿童和青少年42 132人进行身高和体质量测量,计算体质量指数（BMI）。采用问卷调查、分层整群随机抽样方法,在参加体检调查对象中抽取10~14岁儿童和青少年1 523人,调查饮食习惯。采用中国肥胖工作组制定的标准筛查超重和肥胖,采用Logistic回归分析和中介效应分析方法筛选超重/肥胖影响因素。结果：2016年吉林省延吉市城区6~17岁儿童和青少年超重和肥胖总体检出率分别为16.7%和18.4%,超重+肥胖检出率为35.0%。男生超重和肥胖检出率（18.6%,22.0%）均高于女生（14.7%,14.4%）（P<0.01）。7~13岁男生各年龄组超重检出率均高于同年龄的女生（P<0.05或P<0.01）,男生各年龄组肥胖检出率均高于同年龄的女生（P<0.01）。男生超重检出率在12岁达到高峰,在6~10岁肥胖检出率（23.8%~25.6%）均较高,11~17岁肥胖检出率随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降。每周吃烧烤食物≥ 3次（男生OR=1.767,P=0.010,95% CI：1.148~2.719;女生OR=2.205,P=0.002,95% CI：1.327~3.664）和节食减肥（男生OR=2.113,P<0.001,95% CI：1.456~3.065;女生OR=2.128,P<0.001,95% CI：1.430~3.167）增加儿童和青少年超重/肥胖风险,每周吃甜点心≥ 3次（男生OR=0.359,P<0.001,95% CI：0.226~0.573;女生OR=0.324,P<0.001,95% CI：0.186~0.565）和按时吃三餐（男生OR=0.683,P=0.028,95% CI=0.486~0.960;女生OR=0.624,P=0.016,95% CI=0.424~0.916）可降低超重/肥胖风险。自我评价体型在超重肥胖和每天按时吃三餐之间具有完全中介效应。结论：吉林省延吉市6~17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率处于较高水平,日常饮食习惯和节食减肥是超重/肥胖的主要影响因素。     

上海地区儿童超重和肥胖的评价标准比较

目的 比较和分析四种基于身高、体质量的儿童肥胖的评价标准.方法 选取上海市2 347名7～8岁的儿童,其中男生1175名,女生1 172名,测量其身高、体质量,并计算体质量指数.分别采用身高别体质量法(1985)标准(WFH 1985标准)、中国肥胖问题工作组儿童青少年体质指数标准(WGOC标准)、欧洲国际肥胖工作组儿童青少年体质指数标准(IOTF标准)与美国疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年体质指数标准(CDC标准)评价儿童超重和肥胖的发生率.结果 ①男生超重发生率为IOTF标准明显高于其他三个标准(P<0.05),女生超重发生率IOTF标准明显高于WGOC标准和CDC标准(P<0.05);男生肥胖发生率IOTF标准明显低于其他三个标准(P<0.01);女生肥胖发生率IOTF标准明显低于WFH 1985标准和WGOC标准(P<0.01).②WFH 1985标准和WGOC标准对肥胖和超重的评价结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 WFH 1985标准和WGOC标准比IOTF和CDC标准更适合我国儿童超重和肥胖发生率的筛查.     

2 793例3岁以下儿童体格发育情况调查分析

目的了解0~3岁儿童体格发育情况,为儿童保健的指导和干预提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,选择安庆市的开发区各社区内常住居民的儿童作为调查对象,按照不同月龄段以接近1:1的年龄别比例抽取2014-2016年出生的0~3岁儿童最后一次体检的健康档案数据,共收集有效资料2 793例。与《WHO儿童生长发育标准》标准进行对比,用WHO推荐的Z评分法进行评价。结果男女童体质量、身长均高于WHO标准,且生长趋势与参考标准一致。各月龄体质量男童均大于女童（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）;除9个月和30个月外,其他月龄身长（身高）男童均大于女童（P < 0.01）;身高别体质量和年龄别体质量在中和中上所占比例女童高于男童（P < 0.01）;0~3岁儿童消瘦率0.7%,低体质量率1.8%,发育迟缓率0.6%,超重率7.4%,肥胖率8.2%。肥胖率和超重率男童高于女童（P < 0.01）。结论总体儿童体格发育情况较好,女童较男童发育情况更合理。营养不良情况仍然存在。儿童肥胖和超重成为儿童保健工作关注的重点。     

榆林市高新区学龄儿童体格发育状况

目的 分析榆林市高新区儿童体格发育状况,为促进榆林市儿童健康成长提供科学依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取高新区4所小学在校学生,共3 180人。检测身高、体重、坐高、胸围、腰围、视力等身体发育指标,由医务人员一对一严格按照规范进行测量。结果 榆林市高新区6~12岁儿童的身体发育各项指标随着年龄的增大而增加,各个年龄段男童、女童的身高和体重,均高于2005年制定的全国同龄儿童标准（均为P<0.05）;6~12岁男童身高平均值范围为125~156 cm,女童身高平均值范围为123~156 cm,10岁之前,各年龄段男童均高于女童（均为P<0.05）;各个年龄段男童坐高个体差异较大,女童分布比较集中,在10岁之前,各年龄段男童身高均高于女童（均为P<0.05）;6~12岁男童体重平均值范围为26.53~50.30 kg,女童体重平均值范围为24.65~48.02 kg,12岁之前,各年龄段男童高于女童（均为P<0.05）,男童的超重和肥胖率为19.53%,高于女生的15.40%,表现在9~、10~岁;各个年龄段男童胸围分布比较分散,女童较男童集中,在12岁之前,各年龄段男童均高于女童（均为P<0.05）;各个年龄段男童的腰围分布较分散,女童分布较集中,各年龄段男童均高于女童（均为P<0.05）。结论 榆林市高新区儿童的各种生长发育指标随年龄的增大而增加,符合儿童生长发育规律,但超重和肥胖率较高,应引起相关部门的重视。     

内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童体格发育调查

  目的  调查内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童的体格发育情况。  方法  在2017年10月—2018年10月期间,采用分层整群抽样的方法选取内蒙古自治区4盟市(呼和浩特市、包头市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市)15 199名儿童为研究对象,收集身高、体重并计算体重指数;以2005年九市儿童体格发育调查数据为参考标准,计算超重、肥胖的检出率,并分析其特点。  结果  内蒙古自治区3~18岁男、女儿童均有2个身高增长高峰段,男童为3~4岁和11岁阶段;女童为4~5岁和10~11岁阶段;随年龄的增长体重增长无明显规律,青春期前后出现增幅单高峰,男、女儿童分别出现在15岁、10岁。各年龄段身高、体重均明显高于2005中国九市标准(均P＜0.001),其中6岁男童、13岁女童身高超过全国标准最明显;7岁男童、10岁女童体重高于全国标准最明显。超重的总检出率为12.31%,肥胖的总检出率为20.27%,其中男、女童超重检出率差异无统计学意义,分别为11.55%、13.10%(P=0.132);男童肥胖检出率显著高于女童,分别为22.67%、17.76%(P＜0.001)。  结论  内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童体格发育状况良好,但超重、肥胖检出率高。建议相关部门重视儿童的体格发育,加强儿童健康管理,养成良好的生活习惯。      

The Association of Overweight and Obesity with Blood Pressure among Chinese Children and Adolescents

ObjectiveTo examine the association between obesity and high blood pressure (BP) in Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsBody mass index (BMI) and blood pressure measurements of 197 191 children aged 7–17 years were obtained from a Chinese national survey in 2010. Obesity and high BP were defined according to the reference values for Chinese children. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different BMI categories for high BP, as well as the population attributable risk percent (PAR%), were also calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of high BP was 16.1% for boys and 12.9% for girls in 2010. Overweight and obese children had a significantly higher prevalence of high BP than non-overweight children in both boys and girls in each age group. ORs (95% CI) for high BP were 4.1 (3.9, 4.4) in obese boys and 4.0 (3.7, 4.3) in obese girls. The overall PAR% for high BP due to overweight and obesity was 14.4%.ConclusionOverweight and obese children have a significantly higher risk of high BP than non-overweight children. Eliminating overweight and obesity could reduce 14.4% of high BP cases.