45岁以下冠心病患者临床和冠状动脉造影特点分析

目的 探讨45岁以下冠心病患者的临床和冠状动脉造影特点.方法 选择2006年4月-2010年5月在本院住院治疗的冠心病患者1 795例,从中选出45岁以下冠心病的所有患者175例作为A组.选择2007年4月-2009年4月在本院住院治疗的冠心病患者898例,采取整群抽样方法从中选出60岁以上的冠心病患者464例作为B组,进行对比分析,对45岁以下冠心病的临床以及冠状动脉造影的特点进行分析总结.结果 A组男性、吸烟、吸安纳咖、血脂异常、急性心肌梗死、冠脉造影和冠心病家族史比例均明显高于B组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而A组高血压病、糖尿病均低于B组(P＜0.01).A组患者单支病变高于B组(P＜0.01),A组单支病变中前降支有50例(87.7%);A组三支病变、双支病变、右冠脉、旋支病变及侧支循环建立比例低于B组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);左主干病变、前降支病变及冠脉狭窄程度两组间无统计学意义.无意义病变A组高于B组(P＜0.01).结论 45岁以下冠心病患者多数以急性心肌梗死就诊;与男性、吸烟、体力活动少、处于高度紧张和工作压力大、血脂异常及有冠心病家族史者关系密切,冠状动脉造影特点多数为局限性病变;约一半为单支病变,且以前降支单支病变为主;部分患者冠脉造影未见有意义病变,且以心肌梗死为主;2支及3支病变、右冠脉及旋支病变、侧支循环建立比例低于60岁以上冠心病患者;冠脉狭窄程度及前降支病变、左主干病变与60岁以上冠心病患者相似.     

脉压与急性冠脉综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人中脉压(PP)水平与冠心病危险因素和冠状动脉病变程度的相关性.方法将149例ACS病人分为PP<65 mmHg组(41例)和PP≥65 mmHg组(108例),分析两组病人年龄、性别、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、吸烟等冠心病危险因素以及冠状动脉病变程度.结果①PP≥65 mmHg组病人的危险因素明显多于PP＜65 mmHg组(P＜0.05),其中2个以上危险因素的病人在PP≥65 mmHg组中高达96.3%(P＜0.01);②PP≥65 mmHg组病人冠状动脉3支血管病变的患病率显著增高(P＜0.05).结论发生ACS时,PP高的ACS病人其危险因素多于PP低者,且冠状动脉病变亦较为严重.     

C反应蛋白水平与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病(CHD)与C反应蛋白(CRP)之间的关系.方法 测定50例正常对照人群和80例经冠状动脉造影证实为CHD患者血浆的CRP水平,其中单支病变30例、双支病变25例、三支病变25例;稳定型心绞痛31例、不稳定型心绞痛25例,急性心肌梗死24例.结果 CRP 水平在稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组、急性心肌梗死组依次增高;稳定型心绞痛组(F=1.826,P＜0.05)、不稳定型心绞痛组(F=4.232,P＜0.01)及急性心肌梗死组(F=6.745,P＜0.01)的CRP水平均明显高于对照组,在冠心病组中,双支病变组(F=7.925,P＜0.01)以及三支病变组(F=9.467,P＜0.01)中CRP 水平也明显高于对照组.结论 CRP水平与冠心病和冠脉病变程度相关.     

冠心病患者主动脉脉压与冠脉病变程度的关系

目的 探讨冠心病（CHD）患者主动脉脉压（PP）与冠脉病变程度的关系.方法 报道336例CHD患者,根据冠脉造影结果分为冠脉正常组、单支病变组、双支病变组、三支病变组四组,检查其Gensini积分（表示冠脉狭窄程度）及主动脉SBP、DBP、PP,分析各因素与冠脉狭窄程度的相关性.结果 PP≥60 mmHg患者的CHD发生率明显高于PP＜60 mmHg者（P＜0.01）.单因素分析显示,年龄、吸烟史、糖尿病史、SBP、PP、TG、冠脉病变支数与Gensini积分呈正相关,HDL-C与Gensini积分呈负相关（P均＜0.01）.多因素分析显示,年龄、吸烟史、HDL-C、PP与冠脉狭窄有相关性（P＜0.01或＜0.05）.结论 PP预测CHD的价值优于SBP、DBP,对CHD的早期防治及预后判定有重要作用.     

Relationship between uric acid and coronary lesion in patients with hypertension

目的 探讨高血压患者血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系.方法 51例非高血压患者及120例高血压患者行冠状动脉造影检查,冠脉狭窄≥50％者为冠心病组,冠脉造影未见异常者为冠脉正常组,再按照病变严重程度将高血压病合并冠心病患者分为单支、双支、3支病变3组,并检测血尿酸水平及血糖、血脂等生化指标.结果 高血压患者冠脉造影阳性率为75.85％,高于非高血压组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);高血压合并冠心病患者血尿酸水平高于单纯高血压患者,且升高程度与冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关(P ＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 高血压患者冠心病发病率高于非高血压患者,高血压合并冠心病患者血尿酸水平高于非冠心病患者,尿酸升高程度与冠脉病变程度一致.     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与冠脉病变支数及冠心病不同类型的关系

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平与冠状动脉病变支数及冠心病不同类型之间的关系。方法用高效液相色谱法对118例行选择性冠脉造影的患者进行血浆Hcy水平的测定。冠脉造影显示至少一支血管狭窄≥50%者为冠心病组(78例),血管狭窄<50%者诊为非冠心病组(40例)。冠心病患者进一步分为单支病变组(19例),双支病变组(27例),三支病变组(32例)。结果冠心病患者血浆Hcy水平显著高于非冠心病组(P<0.01),多支病变组血浆Hcy水平明显高于非冠心病组(P<0.01),单支病变组略高于非冠心病组(P<0.05),急性心肌梗死患者血浆Hcy水平明显高于非急性心肌梗死患者(P<0.01)。结论血浆Hcy水平升高是冠状动脉病变的危险因素,Hcy增高越显著,则冠脉病变支数越多。Hcy水平升高与冠状动脉的急性病变有关。     

24小时动态脉压与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性研究

目的：探讨24小时动态脉压(PP)水平与冠状动脉(冠脉)病变严重程度的关系。方法：对156例入选病例均行冠脉造影术。冠脉病变的严重程度用冠脉病变的血管支数及 Gensini 积分表示。所有病例均在术前、术后测量肱动脉血压,术后进行24小时动态血压监测。结果：高血压患者较非高血压患者冠心病患病率明显增高(73.6%比58.4%P=0.038)。高血压患者冠脉三支血管病变的患病率显著高于非高血压患者(35.2%比12.3%,P=0.001)。冠脉狭窄患者,无论肱动脉测压、还是24小时动念测压,其收缩压(SBP)、脉压均显著高于冠脉正常组,有显著差异(P＜0.05),且收缩压与脉压随着血管狭窄支数的增加而逐渐增加。结论：脉压是冠心病冠脉狭窄发生发展的相关因素,且24小时动态 PP 的预测价值更大。     

血小板miR-126表达与冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病的相关性研究

目的 观察冠心病患者血小板miR-126表达与冠状动脉粥样硬化指标的关系,探讨其在冠心病诊断、预测及预后分析中的应用价值。方法 随机选取2016年3月-2018年3月在沈阳市第四人民医院循环内科确定诊断为冠心病的患者60例为实验组,包括SAP(稳定性心绞痛)组(n=30)及ACS(急性冠状动脉综合征)组(n=30),健康人30例作为健康对照组(NC组),qRT-PCR检测血小板miR-126表达,评价miR-126在健康人群、急性冠状动脉综合征及稳定型心绞痛患者中的表达水平差异,miR-126与冠脉斑块CT值分型的关系,miR-126表达与冠脉造影病变程度、分型及病变支数相关性。结果 qRT-PCR显示,ACS组及SAP组miR-126表达高于NC组(P＜0.01),ACS组高于SAP组(P＜0.05);miR-126在冠脉斑块CT值分型中钙化型高于纤维型及软质型,纤维型高于软质型(P＜0.05);miR-126表达水平在中度、重度及闭塞组高于轻度组(P＜0.05),重度及闭塞组高于中度组(P＜0.05);miR-126表达水平在2支及≥3支病变组高于1支病变组(P＜0.05),≥3支病变组高于2支病变组(P＜0.05)。结论 血小板miR-126表达于冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度具有相关性,miR-126表达高者冠状动脉病变程度及支数均较高。     

24h平均脉压差与冠心病心律失常的相关性分析

目的 探讨冠心病(CHD)合并高血压(HBP)患者24h平均脉压与冠状动脉病变程度及心律失常的关系.方法 选择经冠脉造影、动态血压与心电同步监测等相关检查诊断为CHD合并HBP患者154例,依据24h平均脉压(PP)将其分为A、B两组,A组PP＜50mmHg、B组PP≥50mmHg,对比两组冠状动脉病变程度、心律失常发生情况.结果 B组患者三支病变发生率及病变血管支数显著高于A组,p＜0.01;B组患者双支病变发生率、冠脉狭窄积分、冠脉狭窄程度均高于A组,p＜0.05;B组患者ST-T改变、心律失常的发生率均明显高于A组,p＜0.05.结论 采用24h动态血压和心电同步监测CHD合并HBP患者,发现脉压变大与冠状动脉病变程度、心律失常及心肌缺血呈正相关,表明PP是一项较为可靠且简便易行的客观评估CHD预后重要指标之一.     

青年女性冠心病患者危险因素及经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗效果分析

目的 探讨青年女性冠心病患者的临床危险因素及经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后1年预后分析.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年3月在我院行冠脉造影术明确诊断为冠心病并成功行PCI治疗的青年女性(年龄＜45岁)患者31例(心绞痛18例,急性心肌梗死13例),选取同期住院行冠脉造影检查除外冠心病诊断的青年女性22例为对照组,并选取同期住院诊断为冠心病的青年男性患者52例为性别对照组,选取老年女性冠心病患者50例为年龄对照组.观察高血压史、糖尿病史、早发冠心病家族史、血脂、白细胞、血红蛋白、胆红素、尿酸等与冠心病发病的关系.观察患者冠脉病变特点及PCI治疗效果.结果 ①与青年女性对照组相比,女性冠心病组合并高血压、糖尿病的比例明显增高(P＜0.05),总胆固醇、极低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯水平升高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②与性别对照组相比,女性高血压比例高于男性患者(P＜0.05),而吸烟比例低于男性患者(P＜0.05),两组间平均发病年龄、糖尿病、家族史差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),女性患者甘油三酯水平高于男性患者(P＜0.05).③女性患者冠脉造影检查提示单支病变20例,双支病变9例,三支病变2例.所有患者定期随访,无严重出血、心绞痛、再发心肌梗死、心力衰竭、支架内再狭窄及死亡.结论 高血压、糖尿病是青年女性冠心病危险因素.青年女性冠心病患者多以单支病变为主,PCI治疗后预后良好.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.