掌腱膜挛缩症50例报告

目的讨论掌腱膜挛缩症的病因，病变特点及治疗方法。方法总结和分析经手术治疗的掌腱膜挛缩症５０例７８只手。其中包括取掌腱膜作病理检查的１１例。行掌腱膜大部切除、手掌及手指挛缩皮肤“Ｚ”成形术６３只手，掌腱膜及受累皮肤一并切除后行游离植皮术１５只手。结果术后平均随访６．４年，见挛缩解除，疗效肯定，无１例复发。１４只手产生并发症如神经损伤、皮下血肿、皮片成活不良及伤口Ⅱ期愈合等占１７．８％。组织学检查结果：均为致密结缔组织增生。结论掌腱膜挛缩症国人报道较少，常发生于中、老年，男性居多，手术治疗效果肯定。为减少并发症的发生，建议在屈曲挛缩已形成功能障碍时即应手术治疗     

掌腱膜挛缩症的免疫组化研究和电镜观察

目的 了解掌腱膜挛缩症（Ｄｕｐｕｙｔｒｅｎ挛缩）的病理表现。方法 采用免疫组化染色辅以计算机图像定量分析技术,对１５例掌腱膜挛缩症患者的１７例病变掌腱膜及９例正常掌腱膜组织标本中的Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原和α－平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达进行检测,并用透视电镜观察病变掌腱膜组织的超微结构。结果 病变掌腱膜组织中Ｉ型胶原的表达低于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;Ⅲ型胶原在病变组织中的表达略高于对照组（Ｐ〉０．０５）;α－平     

掌腱膜挛缩症的临床及病理基础

目的 :探讨掌腱膜挛缩症的病理改变与疗效之间的关系 ,为合理选择手术方式提供依据。方法 :对 2 6例掌腱膜挛缩症患者共 2 9只手进行手术治疗 ,其中 12只手单纯作掌腱膜切除术 ,17只手行掌腱膜切除 受累皮肤切除术 ,对其疗效进行平均 4.6年的随访 ;并对 2 4例掌腱膜标本作病理学及免疫组化检测。结果 :所有行免疫组化检测的病变掌腱膜标本中均有α -平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达 ;单纯掌腱膜切除组的术后复发率为 5 8.33 % ,掌腱膜切除 受累皮肤切除组术后复发率 11.76 %。结论 :掌腱膜挛缩症的病理改变不仅仅局限在掌腱膜 ,也可累及皮下组织和皮肤。因此 ,对病变已侵及皮肤的病例应作掌腱膜切除 受累皮肤切除术。     

掌腱膜部分切除术治疗掌腱膜挛缩症

目的 探讨掌腹腱膜挛缩症治疗的临床经验。方法 1980年以来，我院共治疗掌腱膜挛缩症22例，全部采用掌腱膜部分切除术。结果 19例病人获得满意的治疗效果，应用Tubiana’s法评价，手术后优良率为86．4％，效果良好。结论 本手术成功的关键在于：仔细分离皮瓣，避免皮肤坏死；避免血管神经束损伤；彻底切除挛缩腹膜，避免术后复发；彻底止血，防止血肿形成和感染；术后早期进行功能锻炼。     

肱三头肌挛缩症的手术治疗及病因探讨(附3例报告)

[目的]探讨肱三头肌挛缩症的病因及手术治疗方法。[方法]对3例肱三头肌挛缩症病例行挛缩组织切除松解治疗，并对挛缩组织进行形态学、病理学分析。[结果]手术切除挛缩带后均取得满意效果。病理检查见：挛缩带外观类似肌腱，组织结构为平行排列成熟的胶原纤维，周围肌肉玻璃样变性。[结论]肱三头肌挛缩症是一种病因未明，以肩上举困难为主要症状的疾病。手术松解是有效的治疗方法。     

小指近侧指间关节掌腱膜挛缩症的治疗

目的探讨小指近侧指间关节掌腱膜挛缩症的治疗方法。方法2000年以来，我院共治疗9例（15侧）小指近侧指间关节掌腱膜挛缩症的患者，采用指掌侧挛缩皮肤“Z”字成形，并在扩大切除掌腱膜的同时，切除受累小指的中央索、螺旋索、侧方指膜、小鱼际肌向小指近侧指间关节移行的尺侧腱膜及小指近侧指间关节处骨化的腱膜。结果术后14侧切口Ⅰ期愈合；1侧皮肤部分坏死，换药后愈合。术后随访时间8个月～2年，平均1．6年，小指能完全伸直，皮肤无挛缩，手指屈伸活动基本正常，术后无其他并发症，无1例复发。结论小指掌腱膜切除的同时，应将受累指的中央索、螺旋索、侧方指膜、小鱼际肌向小指近侧指间关节移行的尺侧腱膜及小指近侧指间关节处骨化的腱膜一并切除。     

滨腱挛缩症的临床及病理基础

目的：探讨掌腱膜挛缩症的病理改变与疗效之间的的关系，为合理选择手术方式提供依据。方法：对２６例掌腱膜空症患者共２９只手进行手术治疗，其中１２只手单纯作滨腱膜切除术，１７只手行掌腱切除＋受累皮肤切除术，对其疗效进行平均４．６年的随访；并对２４例滨腱膜标本作病理学及免疫组化检测。结果：所有行免疫组化检测的病变掌腱膜标本中均有α－平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达；单纯掌腱膜切除组的术后复发率为５８．３３％，掌腱膜切     

手术显微镜下切除掌腱膜治疗掌腱膜挛缩症的方法及体会

１８２３年法国Ｄｕｐｕｙｔｒｅｎ报告掌腱膜挛缩症是由于掌腱膜挛缩而引起的手部继发性畸形。我院自１９８０年以来，在手术显微镜下切除掌腱膜治疗掌腱膜挛缩症２１例，收到良好的效果。１临床资料本组男１８例，女３例，年龄１９～７４岁，平均５３岁。工人１７例，干...     

Dupuytren挛缩手术中手掌手指皮瓣的设计

目的探讨Dupuytren挛缩手术中手掌手指局部转移皮瓣的设计方法。方法自1997年以来，我院共治疗Dupuytren挛缩症39例48手，根据挛缩程度、部位设计改良“Z”形皮瓣，采用掌腱膜部分切除术治疗Dupuytren挛缩症。结果应用Tubiana’s法评价，手术优良率为87．5％，效果良好。结论在行Dupuytren挛缩症手术前，需要仔细设计手掌手指皮瓣，避免血管神经束及肌腱损伤；彻底切除挛缩腱膜、术后早期进行功能锻炼也是手术成功的关键。     

邻指皮瓣联合“Z”字成形术治疗严重屈曲畸形的掌腱膜挛缩症

目的探讨应用邻指皮瓣联合"Z"字成形术修复严重屈曲畸形的Ⅲ期以上掌腱膜挛缩症的手术方法和临床疗效。方法 2014年9月-2017年12月,对8例Ⅲ期以上严重屈曲畸形的掌腱膜挛缩症患者,通过设计连续的"Z"字皮瓣联合邻指皮瓣,切除挛缩掌腱膜,保留神经血管束,皮瓣交叉转移后修复缺损创面,邻指皮瓣供区行游离皮肤移植。结果术后8例皮瓣全部成活,随访10～48个月,无一例复发,皮瓣质地及外形满意。按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定:患手运动功能优7例,良1例,优良率为100%。结论应用邻指皮瓣联合"Z"字成形术修复严重屈曲畸形的掌腱膜挛缩症,术后临床效果满意,是治疗严重屈曲畸形掌腱膜挛缩症的一种有效方法。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.