姑息性伽玛刀治疗老年脑转移瘤

目的 总结姑息性伽玛刀治疗老年(≥65岁)脑转移瘤患者的治疗效果. 方法 福建医科大学附属协和医院伽玛刀治疗中心自2004年3月至2010年3月共治疗134例老年脑转移瘤患者,共治疗212次,治疗病灶403个,平均中心剂量及边缘剂量分别为(29.3±8.4) Gy和(15.9±4.8) Gy.Kaplan-Meier方法计算患者的中位生存期,Cox回归分析影响伽玛刀治疗效果的临床因素. 结果 获影像学随访的372个病灶中,完全消失66个(17.7％),部分缓解174个(46.8％),无变化94个(25.3％),部分进展38个(10.2％).Kaplan-Meier分析显示患者中位生存期为10.9个月.影响伽玛刀治疗效果的因素为治疗前KPS评分、脑转移预后分级(RPA分级)、转移瘤数目和原发肿瘤的控制情况. 结论 伽玛刀治疗老年脑转移瘤是安全有效的姑息性治疗手段,有助于维持患者良好的生活质量.     

伽玛刀治疗肺癌脑转移瘤疗效及影响疗效的相关因素分析

目的探讨伽玛刀治疗肺癌脑转移瘤疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2010年1月期间在我院采用伽玛刀治疗的116例有病理学证实的肺癌脑转移瘤患者的临床资料,其中男性76例,女性40例。根据肿瘤的大小、位置及肿瘤周边正常组织的耐受情况,小病灶(直径﹤3.0cm)直接选择伽玛刀一次性治疗,周边剂量12～18Gy,45%～70%等剂量曲线为处方剂量。对于较大肿瘤病灶(直径≥3cm但≤4cm)选择伽玛刀二次剂量分割治疗,两次治疗间隔6～8小时,周边剂量7～9Gy,40%～50%等剂量曲线为处方剂量。结果随访116例患者,随访期6～45个月,肿瘤控制率95%,中位生存期14.8个月,1年生存率63%,2年生存率25%。KPS评分在1个月内达到90分以上者占92%。结论伽玛刀是治疗肺癌脑转移瘤安全有效的方法,其疗效与肿瘤大小、位置、治疗剂量及肺癌的病理类型有关。     

影响脑转移瘤伽玛刀治疗效果相关因素分析

目的　探讨影响伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤治疗效果的因素。方法　用伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤 2 72例共 396个病灶。中心剂量 2 5～ 70Gy ,周边剂量 1 0～ 35Gy;靶点数 1～ 1 1个。并对肿瘤体积、数目、照射剂量、原发灶控制和全脑放疗等影响疗效因素进行统计分析。结果　本组病例随访 1 0～ 46个月 ,平均 2 4个月。 396个病灶完全缓解 32 6个 (82 3 % ) ,部分缓解 38个 (9 5 % ) ,无变化及进展 32个 (8 2 % ) ,平均生存期 (1 3 6± 7 9)个月。原发灶控制好者、伽玛刀治疗前后结合放疗、化疗者 ,其生存期较长。结论　伽玛刀是治疗脑转移瘤安全可靠的手段之一。并发症少、有效率高。伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤的疗效主要与病灶体积、周边剂量等密切相关。肿瘤体积小于 1 5cm3,周边剂量大于 1 8Gy时 ,完全缓解率较高。     

伽玛刀立体定向放射外科治疗脑转移瘤的疗效观察

目的探讨伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤的近期临床疗效及不良反应。方法选择脑转移瘤患者48例（108个病灶）采用伽玛刀治疗,肿瘤周边剂量14-21Gy,平均18Gy;中心最大剂量32-40Gy,平均35.4Gy。结果对48例患者伽玛刀治疗后进行临床随访,随访时间为1-27个月,平均10个月,完全缓解8例（16.7%）,部分缓解26例（54.2%）,无变化10例（20.8%）,进展4例（8.3%）,肿瘤局部控制率为91.7%（44/48）。有神经系统症状33例患者,神经症状完全缓解11例（33.3%）,部分缓解21例（63.6%）,所有患者KPS评分均有上升。平均生存期17.4个月,未出现严重不良反应。结论伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤具有疗效好、安全的优势,能有效提高脑转移瘤患者生活质量,延长生存期。     

伽玛刀治疗脑干转移瘤的影响因素及生存期分析

目的评价伽玛刀治疗脑干转移瘤的疗效。方法选取202医院放疗科2009—2012年接受伽玛刀治疗的脑干转移瘤患者34例,应用统计学软件SPSS 19.0生存分析中Kaplan-Meier法分析生存率,应用Log-Rank检验和Cox回归分析预后相关因素对生存期的影响。结果 2009-12—2012-12本中心共治疗34例脑干转移瘤患者,其中按发病部位分类:中脑7例,脑桥23例,延髓4例。按原发肿瘤分类:原发性肺癌14例,乳腺癌9例,肾癌5例,黑色素瘤6例。其中多发转移11例,单一病灶23例。年龄25~76岁,平均(53.71±12.95)岁。平均处方剂量(15.50±1.82)Gy,其中最小剂量10Gy,最大18.5Gy。肿瘤体积0.06~3.0(0.75±0.78)mL。伽玛刀治疗后中位生存期9.8个月,与生存期密切相关的预后因素是是否为单一病灶、有无黑色素瘤病史、肿瘤体积以及颅外病灶的控制情况。结论对体积0.75mL、原发肿瘤为非黑色素瘤的脑干转移瘤,应用15.5Gy的处方剂量,可取得较好的肿瘤局部控制率,提高生活质量,延长生存期,减少相关射线并发症。     

伽玛刀治疗肺癌脑转移瘤的疗效及临床分析

[目的]探讨伽玛刀治疗肺癌脑转移瘤疗效及影响疗效的相关因素.[方法]回顾性分析采用伽玛刀治疗的116例有病理学证实的肺癌脑转移瘤患者的临床资料.[结果]随访期肿瘤控制率95％,中位生存期14.8个月,1年生存率63％,2年生存率25％.影像学检查:肿瘤消失57例,肿瘤缩小38例,肿瘤大小无变化15例,肿瘤进展6例.KPS评分在1个月内达到90分以上者占92％.[结论]伽玛刀是治疗肺癌脑转移瘤安全有效的[方法],其疗效与肿瘤大小、位置、治疗剂量及肺癌的病理类型有关.     

超级伽玛刀治疗颅内转移瘤48例临床分析

目的观察超级伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤的近期疗效,对生存期进行初步评价。方法回顾我中心自2004年8月至2005年7月接受超级伽玛刀治疗的48例脑转移瘤(89个转移灶)病人,年龄38~77岁,平均58.7岁,单发转移32例,随访44例,随访期4~15个月,观察其疗效及生存期。结果总有效率88.64%,完全有效(CR)、部分有效(PR)、无进展(NC)之间的剂量无差异,与未控(PD)相比,只有PR和PD之间差异显著(P<0.05)。剂量低于或等于15Gy和高于15Gy两组间的有效率差异显著(P<0.025),而剂量低于或等于16Gy和高于16Gy两组间的有效率无明显差异(P<0.05)。平均生存期6.8个月,按RTOG的RPA分级,RPAⅠ级平均生存10.42个月;RPAⅡ级平均生存6.56个月;RPAⅢ级平均生存5.01个月。RPAⅠ级与RPAⅢ级病人的生存期差异显著(P<0.05)。结论超级伽玛刀控制脑转移瘤的剂量在15~16Gy之间,高于16Gy的剂量并不能改善疗效,RPAⅠ级病人的预后明显好于RPAⅢ级病人。     

伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤的临床研究(附112例临床分析)

目的 探讨伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤的临床疗效及相关因素.方法 采用伽玛刀治疗为主,结合手术、放疗、化疗等综合治疗手段治疗112例脑转移瘤患者.结果 随访83例患者,随访期6～32个月,肿瘤控制率94%,中位生存期10.8个月,1年生存率55.9%,2年生存率15.8%.结论 伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤是一种安全有效的治疗手段,配合科学合理的综合治疗措施可进一步提高疗效.     

头、体伽玛刀联合治疗肺癌合并脑转移瘤 50例临床分析

目的探讨头、体伽玛刀联合治疗肺癌合并脑转移瘤后肿瘤局部控制情况及患者生存期。方法回顾2003年3月~2005年3月,应用旋转式头、体伽玛刀治疗的50例原发性肺癌伴脑转移瘤。31例患者治疗前经过痰细胞学检查、支气管镜检查、肿瘤穿刺活检或手术后病理明确诊断。鳞癌13例,腺癌10例,小细胞癌5例,腺鳞癌3例。70%的患者肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移。结果47例随访3~24个月,平均随访12.5个月。除2例患者因脑内肿瘤未控制3个月内死亡,6个月生存35例,生存率为70%(35/50);12个月生存率为37%(10/27),生存率超过24个月为21.4%(3/14)。总的肿瘤局部控制率93.5%。结论头、体伽玛刀联合治疗肺癌伴脑转移瘤安全有效,改善患者的生活质量,延长患者的生存时间,可作为首选治疗方法。     

X刀治疗多发脑转移瘤的临床研究

目的探讨X-刀治疗多发脑转移瘤的预后因素及X-刀在多发脑转移瘤治疗中的作用.方法在4种预后因素(年龄、治疗前KPS评分、有无远处转移、颅外病灶控制情况)相同或相似的条件下,配对选择两组病例.X-刀加全脑放疗组和常规放疗组各53例.常规放疗组采用全脑照射30～40Gy/3～4周.在X-刀加全脑放疗组中,X-刀治疗采用单次照射40例,分次照射13例,单次靶区平均周边剂量为20Gy.分次照射方法为4～12Gy/次,2次/周,总剂量为15～30Gy.结果KPS评分,颅外肿瘤病变稳定,以及颅内转移灶的数目是影响多发脑转移瘤病人预后的重要因素.中位生存期均有明显差异.在死因分析中,X-刀加全脑放疗组死于脑转移的比例为27%,比常规放疗组的51%低(P＜0.05).但两组病例的放射并发症的发生率相似.结论对于多发脑转移瘤,X-刀加全脑放疗在提高局部控制率,延长生存期和提高生存质量方面均优于单纯放射治疗.     

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Ten or More Brain Metastases

Objective

This study was performed to assess the efficacy of GKS in patients with ten or more brain metastases.

Methods

From Aug 2002 to Dec 2007, twenty-six patients (13 men and 13 women) with ten or more cerebral metastatic lesions underwent GKS. The mean age was 55 years (32-80). All patients had Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score of 70 or better. According to recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classification, 3 patients belonged to class I and 23 to class II. The location of primary tumor was lung (21), breast (3) and unknown (2). The mean number of the lesions per patient was 16.6 (10-37). The mean cumulated volume was 10.9 cc (1.0-42.2). The median marginal dose was 15 Gy (9-23). Overall survival and the prognostic factors for the survival were retrospectively analyzed by using Kaplan Meier method and univariate analysis.

Results

Overall median survival from GKS was 34 weeks (8-199). Local control was possible for 79.5% of the lesions and control of all the lesions was possible in at least 14 patients (53.8%) until 6 months after GKS. New lesions appeared in 7 (26.9%) patients during the same period. At the last follow-up, 18 patients died; 6 (33.3%) from systemic causes, 10 (55.6%) from neurological causes, and 2 (11.1%) from unknown causes. Synchronous onset in non-small cell lung cancer (p=0.007), high KPS score (≥80, p=0.029), and controlled primary disease (p=0.020) were favorable prognostic factors in univariate analysis.

Conclusion

In carefully selected patients, GKS may be a treatment option for ten or more brain metastases.     

Outcome of repeated radiosurgery for recurrent metastatic brain tumors

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the outcome of repeated gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for local or remote recurrence after initial radiosurgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 204 patients who were treated with GKS. Among them 43 patients (21%) underwent GKS more than once. The second GKS was given for recurrence at the previously treated sites in 16 patients, new lesions at remote sites in 13, and both local recurrence and new lesions in 14. RESULTS: The median survival from the first GKS was 36 (7-190) weeks in all patients and 68 (16-156) weeks in 43 patients with repeated GKS. The median time from the first GKS to the second was 37 weeks. The median survival from the second radiosurgical intervention was 32 (7-132) weeks. Local control rate at 6 months after salvage GKS was 90.7%. RPA class was the commonly dominant prognostic factor in both initial and salvage GKS. CONCLUSION: Recurrence is common for patients with metastatic brain tumors after initial radiosurgery. Local control and survival time after salvage treatment are comparable with those after initial radiosurgery. GKS as a salvage treatment may provide additional survival benefit in selected patients.     

伽玛刀治疗脑膜血管外膜细胞瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨伽玛刀治疗在脑膜血管外膜细胞瘤的综合治疗中的临床作用.方法 回顾性分析1994年12月至2006年12月于本中心行伽玛刀治疗并随访的22例术后复发的患者,男13例,女9例;58个瘤灶,平均体积5.4 cm3,平均周边剂量13.5 Gy,平均中心剂量28.2 Gy.结果 平均随访期26个月.22例中,颅内转移7例,颅外转移3例,死亡4例,平均生存期67.7个月;58个瘤灶中,影像随访证实25个基本消失,13个明显萎缩,14个体积变化不明显,6个体积增大,肿瘤总控制率89.7%.结论 伽玛刀治疗对术后残留或复发的中小型脑膜血管外膜细胞瘤安全有效,改变了以往综合治疗的策略.     

伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤46例临床分析

目的：伽玛刀是治疗脑转移瘤的一种途径，尤其对多发病灶者。方法：用伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤随访１０个月以上者共４６例，其中单发２７例，多发１９例，共１０３个病灶。结果：脑转移瘤相对较小，而靶周边剂量相对较大者，完全缓解率较高。结论：无论单发及多发病灶伽玛刀治疗１年存活率均较开颅手术为高。多发病灶需配合全脑放疗及化疗，否则易产生新病灶，使病情进展。     

Gamma knife radiosurgery for residual skull base chordomas

OBJECTIVE: The location of chordomas within the base of the skull and cervical junction prevents complete resection from being achieved. Previous series have shown that stereotactic radiosurgery can be used as a treatment for residual chordomas with good overall results. In the present study, we reviewed our experience in using gamma knife surgery (GKS) to treat patients with residual skull base chordomas. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with residual skull base chordomas underwent gamma knife radiosurgery from June 1996 to December 2004. The mean age of patients was 40.2 years (range: 8-70 years). There were 20 male and 11 females. The post-operative tumor volume treated with GKS ranged from 0.47 to 27.6 cm3, with a mean of 11.4+/-7.4 cm3. The mean tumor margin radiation dose was 12.7 Gy (range: 10-16 Gy), and the mean maximum dose was 29.2 Gy (range: 20.8-40 Gy). Twenty-eight patients were available for follow-up reviews, ranging from 6 to 102 months (mean: 30.2 months) and from 6 to 78 months (mean: 28 months), for clinical and image assessments, respectively. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a survival of 90.9 and 75.8% after 3 and 5 years, respectively. Most tumors were smaller in size 1 year after treatment, which paralleled an alleviation of clinical symptoms. However, nine chordomas progressed, and seven recurred over the course of follow-up. The actuarial tumor control rate was 64.2 and 21.4% after 3 and 5 years, respectively. No serious radiation-related complication was found in any of the patients with GKS alone. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery can be effectively used for residual chordomas beside surgical resection with efficacious tumor control rates.     

眼眶肿瘤的伽玛刀放射外科治疗

目的 总结评价Leksell伽玛刀治疗眼眶肿瘤的中长期疗效.方法 223例患者年龄4～85岁,平均(37.5±15.6)岁.男91例,女132例;125例为手术后残留或复发者,98例根据典型临床及影像表现进行诊断;肿瘤容积0.03～35.60 cm3,平均(5.4±1.9)cm3;肿瘤边缘剂量10～40 Gy.结果 随访18 - 114个月,平均(35.7±16.2)个月,肿瘤缩小129例(57.8％),无变化80例(35.9％),14例(6.3％)肿瘤增大,肿瘤控制率为93.7％;142例患者治疗后视力得到保留,其中视力提升79例,减退19例;21例曾出现一过性球结膜水肿.结论 伽玛刀治疗眼眶肿瘤可取得良好肿瘤控制率,多数患者可保留视力,并发症少,可成为眼眶肿瘤的主要治疗方法之一.     

Gamma knife radiosurgery for residual or recurrent intracranial hemangiopericytomas

Residual or recurrent hemangiopericytoma (HPC) has been treated with radiosurgery; however, its long-term outcome is not well known. This study is to investigate the long-term outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for residual or recurrent HPCs. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 18 patients who underwent gamma knife radiosurgery for residual or recurrent HPCs. Of the 18 patients, 10 patients had high-grade HPCs (27 tumors) and 8 had low-grade HPCs (13 tumors). Median overall survival (OS) after the first GKS was 134.7 months and actuarial survival rate at 1, 5, and 10 years was 85.6%, 85.6%, and 37.4%, respectively. At the last follow-up, local tumor control was achieved in 32 (80.0%) of the 40 GKS-treated tumors. New lesions developed out of initial GKS target in 8 patients (44.4%). They were also treated with additional GKS. The actuarial local control rate of 40 tumors at 1-, 3-, and 5-years was 89.3%, 60.9%, and 37.5%, respectively. The median local recurrence-free interval of 40 tumors after initial GKS for each lesion was 86.1 months for low-grade and 40.5 months for high-grade tumors (p = 0.010). Extracranial metastases developed in 7 (38.9%) patients with high-grade pathology and became a cause of death in 3 patients. Intracranial tumor control can be achieved over the long term, though additional GKS is frequently necessary. Extracranial metastasis is common in HPC of high-grade pathology. Close surveillance and aggressive treatment is recommended not only for intracranial tumor but also for possible extracranial metastases.     

伽玛刀治疗手术后的颅底脊索瘤

目的探讨手术后残存脊索瘤的伽玛刀治疗的相关因素。方法回顾性分析本中心自1996年6月至2004年底伽玛刀治疗的31例手术残存脊索瘤病例,其中男性20例,女性11例;年龄8-70岁,平均40．2岁。伽玛刀治疗的肿瘤体积0．47-27．6cm3,平均(11．4±7．4)cm3;射点数3 -12个,平均(6．5±2．4)个;肿瘤边缘剂量10-16Gy,平均(12．7±1．2)Gy;最大剂量20．8-40Gy,平均(29．2±4．0)Gy。结果本组28例得到治疗后6-102个月(平均30．2个月)的临床随访;和6-78 个月,平均28个月的影像随诊。用Kaplan-Meier生存分析,患者3年和5年的总生存率为90．9％和 75．8％。而影像学随诊中3年和5年的肿瘤实际控制率为64．2％和21．4％。伽玛刀治疗后1年左右多数肿瘤体积缩小;临床症状也相应缓解。随着时间延长,肿瘤复发比例增高。本组肿瘤增大的9 例中,7例为伽玛刀靶区外生长;再次伽玛刀治疗4例,再手术4例,继续临床观察1例。本组共2例死亡。尚未发现伽玛刀相关的严重并发症。结论对开颅手术残存的脊索瘤,伽玛刀是一种可选的治疗方法。治疗要及时,并要充分认知肿瘤的习性和对伽玛刀治疗的反应,有益于延长患者生存期, 提高生存质量。