共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 9 毫秒
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Eva L. Essa 《Early child development and care》2000,165(1):85-94
Using triangulation, this study employed two methods to compare whether the responses of early childhood teachers about their use of timeout as a discipline method in focus group discussion was congruent with their behavior from classroom videotapes. The subjects were 5 teachers, who were among a larger group that had participated in one of 6 focus groups and were later videotaped in their preschool classes. These teachers volunteered to be videotaped after they had engaged in the focus groups. In the focus groups, teachers were asked to discuss how they respond to children's misbehaviors and how they make decisions about their responses. The videotapes were subsequently taken during 2 typical mornings in each class. Detailed analyses of the teachers' use or nonuse of time-out as well as their rationale for using this method, were undertaken for both focus group responses and behaviors observed on the videotapes. Results showed that the verbal responses of the teachers were very congruent with what they carried out while teaching. 相似文献
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Christa C. Nieuwboer Ruben G. Fukkink Jo M. A. Hermanns 《Child & youth care forum》2014,43(5):553-567
Background
Single session email consultations in web-based parenting support may be used for a variety of reasons. Parents may be looking for information on developmental needs of children, for suggestions to improve their parenting skills, or for referrals to helpful resources. The way the practitioner meets the needs of parents, choosing a short-term and text-based approach, has not been analyzed up till now.Objective
To determine if and how practitioner response in single session email consultation matches the need of parents.Method
A content analysis of single session email consultations (129 questions; 5,997 response sentences) was conducted. Three perspectives on the parent–practitioner communication were distinguished to assess the match between parenting questions and consultations, i.e., the expert oriented, parent oriented and context oriented perspective.Results
The parent oriented type is the dominant paradigm in requesting and providing email consultations, with which the other types may be combined. Most consultations showed a mixed perspective with the use of a limited amount of techniques within each perspective. Correlations between the practitioner’s approach and parental expectancies were weak.Conclusions
Professionals have a broad approach to email consultation, offering advice of different perspectives, rather than restricting the advice in order to match a prevalent parental need. All proposed textual techniques were observed in email consultations, providing evidence of their feasibility. Since practice of email consultations is relatively new, practitioners may benefit from the proposed systematic approach to writing email consultations, identifying parental need and permitting the use of professional techniques. 相似文献8.
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Maternal and Child Health Journal - Evidence suggests that maternal psychological distress is an under-diagnosed condition that can have lasting impacts on child outcomes. Models based solely on... 相似文献
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Dobie SA Baldwin LM Rosenblatt RA Fordyce MA Andrilla CH Hart LG 《Maternal and child health journal》1998,2(3):145-154
Objectives: Birth certificates are a major source of population-based data on maternal and perinatal health, but their value depends on the accuracy of the data. This study assesses the validity of information recorded on the birth certificates for women in Washington State who were considered to be low risk at entry into care. Methods: Birth certificates were matched to data abstracted from prenatal and intrapartum clinic and hospital records of a sample of 1937 Washington State obstetrical patients who were considered to be low risk at the beginning of their pregnancies. Accuracy of a variety of pregnancy characteristics (e.g., complications, procedures) on the birth certificate was analyzed using percentage agreement and sensitivity with record abstracts as the gold standard. Next, we weighted the data from each source to produce estimates of pregnancy characteristics in the population. We compared these estimates from the two data sources to see whether they provide similar pictures of this subpopulation. Results: Missing data for specific items on the birth certificates ranged from 0% to 24%. The birth certificate accurately captured gravidity and parity, but was less likely to report prenatal and intrapartum complications. The population estimates of the two data sources were significantly different. Conclusions: Because birth certificates significantly underestimated the complications of pregnancies, number of interventions, number of procedures, and prenatal visits, use of these data for health policy development or resource allocation should be tempered with caution. 相似文献
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Judd NL Griffith WC Kalman DA Faustman EM 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2003,44(1):0132-0139
Congener-specific PCB analysis allows use of toxic equivalency (TEQ) TCDD-based risk assessment approaches when analytical
methods are sufficiently sensitive. Many efforts to analyze fish samples for PCB congeners report the majority of samples
as non-detects; these data are of little use for human health risk assessment if the limits of analytical detection exceed
levels of potential health concern. However, increasing analytical sensitivity is costly and technically difficult. An approach
to assess analytical sensitivity needs for risk assessment by defining toxicological endpoints of concern and acceptable risk
levels is presented. This framework was applied to assessment of potential PCB TEQ cancer risks to the general United States
population and tribal consumers of Columbia River fish, but may be easily adjusted for other situations. A probabilistic model
was used to calculate the necessary analytical sensitivity for PCB TEQ cancer risk assessment using the Environmental Protection
Agency's new draft cancer risk slope factor for TCDD and fish consumption data. Desired levels of analytical sensitivity were
estimated for the congener expected to contribute the most to PCB TEQ, PCB 126, and compared to limits of detection for various
analytical methods. The financial and health value of methods with different levels of analytical sensitivity were compared
using a value of information approach, which includes analytical cost and cost of potential health outcomes, and a proposed
risk assessment utility approach which considers the relative health protectiveness of analytical options non-monetarily.
Sensitivity analyses indicate that average consumption rate, cancer risk slope factor choice, and knowledge of existing PCB
contamination are important considerations for planning PCB congener analysis.
Received: 17 January 2002/Accepted: 29 July 2002 相似文献
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Serrano E McFerren M Lambur M Ellerbock M Hosig K Franz N Townsend M Baker S Muennig P Davis G 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2011,43(4):295-302
The Youth Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) is one of the United States Department of Agriculture's hallmark nutrition education programs for limited-resource youth. The objective of this study was to gather opinions from experts in EFNEP and related content areas to identify costs, effects (impacts), and related instruments to develop a cost-effectiveness model (instrument) for youth EFNEP, which does not exist. A cost-effectiveness model determines the economic or financial cost of producing an impact. The findings highlight several challenges in identifying inputs through consensus and provide a roadmap for the creation of a model that can be adopted by state EFNEP coordinators. 相似文献
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Mary J. Christoph Nicole Larson Melissa N. Laska Dianne Neumark-Sztainer 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(2):217-228
Background
Nutrition labels are a low-cost tool with the potential to encourage healthy eating habits.Objective
To investigate correlates of frequent Nutrition Facts label use, describe the types of label information most often used, and measure how label use relates to dietary intake in young adults.Design
Cross-sectional population-based study of young adults participating in Project Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults-IV.Participants/setting
Surveys and food frequency questionnaires were completed during 2015-2016 by young adults (N=1,817; weighted sample=49% women) aged 25 to 36 years.Main outcome measures
Nutrition Facts label use, frequency of using specific information on labels, and dietary intake.Statistical analyses performed
Relative risks and adjusted means were used to examine how demographic, behavior, and weight-related factors were associated with Nutrition Facts panel use, and how label use related to dietary outcomes. Associations with P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results
Approximately one-third (31.4%) of participants used Nutrition Facts labels “frequently.” Use was significantly higher for women; for participants with high education and income; among those who prepared food regularly; among those who were physically active; among those with a weight status classified as overweight; and among those who were trying to lose, gain, or maintain weight. Label components used most often included sugars (74.1%), total calories (72.9%), serving size (67.9%), and the ingredient list (65.8%). Nutrition Facts label users consumed significantly more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and fewer sugar-sweetened beverages, compared with nonusers. Nutrition Facts label users ate significantly more frequently at sit-down restaurants but less frequently at fast-food restaurants compared with nonusers.Conclusions
Although Nutrition Facts label use was associated with markers of better dietary quality in a population-based sample of young adults, only one-third of participants used labels frequently. Methods to improve label use should be studied, particularly through leveraging weight- or health-related goals (eg, interest in making healthier food choices), and meeting consumer preferences concerning label content. 相似文献19.