心理放松训练及集体晤谈对应激事件后陆航部队飞行员的心理影响

目的消除飞行事故(事件)对当事飞行员及相关人员的心理影响,尽快适应新的作战训练任务.方法在飞行事故发生后36h与机组人员进行集体晤谈,同时实施心理放松训练.并且在心理放松训练前后,采用焦虑自评量表和EPQ测量飞行员的个性特点和心理状况.结果心理放松训练后焦虑自评量表(SAS)总分下降明显.结论集体心理晤谈和心理放松训练等方法对创伤后应急反应的效果良好.     

肝脏磁共振动态增强扫描患者的指导和护理

目的：总结对肝脏磁共振动态增强扫描患者的心理指导和护理措施。方法：对120例肝脏磁共振动态增强扫描患者在检查前、中、后的指导和护理进行回顾性分析。结果：通过对本组患者进行有效的心理指导和护理干预,大多顺利完成检查,仅6例患者重新训练和指导后,配合良好,获满意效果。结论：有效的心理指导和护理干预是肝脏磁共振动态增强扫描获得成功的重要保证。     

基于ARM的多路信号生物反馈仪的设计

目的：设计检测多路生理信号并反馈多个生理参数的生物反馈仪器,用于相关疾病的治疗.方法：由生物反馈的基本原理,以ARM微处理器为核心,设计了以RSA、肌电、皮电和皮温为参数的生物反馈仪;并提供了深呼吸放松训练方法.结果：通过系统的反馈指标,系统可以完成生物反馈的功能,并通过深呼吸达到了放松状态.结论：本系统操作简单、功能强大,可用于治疗身心疾病、精神科疾病等.     

高血压的心理干预

探讨预防高血压的方法和经验，包括良好的生活习惯、支持心理干预、放松训练。认为培养良好的生活习惯、运用支持心理干预、坚持放松训练，才能有效地预防高血压的发生。     

TVT治疗女性压力性尿失禁的围手术期护理

目的：探讨TVT治疗女性压力性尿失禁的围手术期护理措施。方法：对19例女性SUI患者实施TVT术的护理措施,包括术前、术后的身心护理及出院指导。结果：经术后随访1～12个月,19例患者均排尿良好。结论：女性SUI患者实施TVT术后,疗效肯定,护理工作应重视患者术前心理护理、术后尿管护理及出院指导盆底肌肉的收缩训练。     

放松训练及心理疏导在产前焦虑的应用探讨

目的:探讨放松训练及心理疏导在产前焦虑症治疗中的临床效果.方法:采用焦虑症状临床自评量表(SAS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)作为测评工具,选择40例有焦虑症倾向者纳入试验组;随机将20例进行认知纠正指导、放松训练和心理疏导的纳入研究组,其余20例纳入对照组,两组及组间进行治疗前后量表评分对比.结果:研究组治疗前后量表减分率明显,治疗后量表减分率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:放松训练及心理疏导对于孕妇产前焦虑缓解效果明显.     

护理程序在心理护理过程中的应用体会

护理程序是指导护士以满足护理对象的身心需要，恢复和增进护理对象的健康为目标，运用系统方法实施计划性、连续性、全面整体护理的一种理论与实践模式。心理护理有别于生理护理，具有许多不同的特点，主要表现在：①心身统一与心理能动性；②广泛性和前瞻性：③个体性与情景性；④复杂性与深刻性；⑤可操作但尚有难度。利用护理程序进行心理护理，即心理护理程序是以促进人的心身健康为目标所进行的一系列的连贯性、有计划、有评价的系统护理活动，是综合的、动态的、具有反馈功能的活动过程。本文通过观察法对不同年龄、性别、个性、文化、职业、病种、病情等病人实施心理护理结果如下：     

儿童哮喘的管理及心理干预

目的探讨以糖皮质激素(GCS)吸入为主的长期、持续、规范治疗与放松训练,家庭应对指导、认知和脱敏等心理干预措施相结合的综合管理对儿童哮喘的临床疗效.方法对140例l-14岁的哮喘儿童进行综合管理,管理前后观察临床疗效(发作次数及严重程度).结果通过综合管理,哮喘发作次数及严重程度均明显减少(F=33.9,P=0.029).结论以糖皮质激素(GCS)吸入为主的长期、持续、规范治疗与放松训练,家庭应对指导,认知和脱敏等心理干预措施相结合的综合管理,能有效控制或减少哮喘发作,提高生活质量.     

心理支持及放松训练对心脏病患者身心症状的影响

目的观察心理支持及放松训练对心脏病患者身心症状的影响。方法选择我院2016年3月-2018年3月收治的92例心脏病患者并随机分为两组,对照组(46例)采用常规护理,观察组(46例)在常规护理基础上给予心理支持及放松训练。采用焦虑(SAS)、抑郁(SDS)自评量表与症状自评量表(SCL-90)对患者护理前后身心症状进行评价。结果护理前两组心脏病患者10个症状因子阳性率、SAS、SDS评分比较差异不显著。护理后,观察组患者在焦虑、抑郁、躯体化、敌对、恐惧、人际关系及其他7个因子上阳性率明显降低,与护理前及对照组比较差异显著(P0.05)。护理后观察组患者SAS、SDS评分较护理前及对照组明显降低(P0.05),而对照组患者SAS、SDS评分较护理前略有下降,但无显著差异。结论心理支持及放松训练对改善心脏病患者的心理状态具有明显的效果,在心理状态得到调整的前提下,配合药物治疗,身体症状也随之改善,对提高患者治疗效果及改善生活质量具有重要作用。     

放松疗法在膀胱癌术后膀胱灌注化疗中的应用

目的探讨放松疗法在膀胱灌注化疗中的护理效果。方法将85例膀胱癌患者随机分为观察（43例）和对照组（42例）,对照组行常规护理,观察组在此基础上进行身心放松训练。比较两组化疗后不适发生率及持续时间。结果观察组化疗后膀胱刺激征、发热、胃肠道反应发生率及持续时间与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论对膀胱癌患者在健康教育的基础上进行身心放松训练能有效地降低膀胱灌注化疗的应激反应,降低化疗后不适的发生率,缩短其持续时间。     

Mental and physical fatigue-related biochemical alterations

OBJECTIVE: To confirm fatigue-related biochemical alterations, we measured various parameters just before and after relaxation and fatigue-inducing mental or physical sessions. METHODS: Fifty-four healthy volunteers were randomized to perform relaxation and fatigue-inducing mental and physical sessions for 4 h in a double-blind, three-crossover design. Before and after each session, subjects were asked to rate their subjective sensations of fatigue, and blood, saliva, and urine samples were taken. RESULTS: After the fatigue-inducing mental and physical sessions, subjective scores of fatigue were increased. After the fatigue-inducing mental session, the vanillylmandelic acid level in urine was higher and plasma valine level was lower than after the relaxation session. In contrast, after the fatigue-inducing physical session, serum citric acid, triacylglycerol, free fatty acid, ketone bodies, total carnitine, acylcarnitine, uric acid, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, plasma branched-chain amino acids, transforming growth factor-beta1 and -beta2, white blood cell and neutrophil counts, saliva cortisol and amylase, and urine vanillylmandelic acid levels were higher and serum free carnitine and plasma total amino acids and alanine levels were lower than those after the relaxation session. CONCLUSION: Some mental or physical fatigue-related biochemical changes were determined. Various biochemical alterations reflecting homeostatic perturbation and its responses might be shown. We believe that our results contribute to clarifying the mechanism of fatigue, developing evaluation methods, and establishing a basis for treatment.     

人性化护理与放松训练在宫腔镜检查中的应用

目的探讨人性化护理与放松训练在宫腔镜检查中的作用。方法将598例接受宫腔镜检查患者按检查日期分为试验组300例,对照组298例,试验组在检查时实施人性化护理与放松训练,对照组实施传统的常规护理,比较两组在检查时疼痛程度分级和心脑综合征反应发生率的差异。结果试验组疼痛程度明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,试验组心脑综合征反应发生率为2.0%,低于对照组的14.4%。结论在宫腔镜检查中灵活应用人性化护理与放松训练,能充分调整患者身心状态,减轻疼痛感受性,减少并发症的发生,有利于患者的身心健康。     

系统模拟救援在灾害护理教育中的运用

目的：针对我国灾害护理教育的现状及能力要求,探讨改进护理灾害教育培训新模式。方法提出基于训练过程中突出灵活性、应变性、连续性、可追溯性等考核目标而设计的模拟教育训练方式。运用于灾害护理教学中的理论和实践基础,建立主题设计、网络及针对性环境设置、对抗考核、多形式系统评价及反馈系统,并在护理灾害教育中进行培训和实施,在评估后持续不断改进以达到训练效果的提升。结果2015年学员训练考核小组平均成绩及总成绩均有提高,对于团队训练效果满意。结论灾害护理教育的模式需多元化、信息化、模拟化、可追溯性;基于系统模拟救援模式的教育方法结合军队训练元素,在设置及评价方面提出系统及可追溯性环节,值得借鉴和交流。     

有氧健身操对女大学生身心素质的影响

目的探讨有氧健身操锻炼对女大学生身心健康的影响。方法随机抽取40名女大学生对其进行有氧健身操训练，然后比较训练前后身体素质成绩和心理健康量表因子得分。结果训练后身体素质有明显的变化，耐力、灵敏、协调等素质显著改善，尤其表现在对墙传球、垒球掷远、Z字型跑、800米跑项目上的成绩较训练前明显提高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；对心理健康的影响方面，在强迫、人际抑郁、焦虑、敌对、妄想和精神病性7项因子上的得分。实验前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论参加有氧健身操提高了学生的身体素质，也增强了学生的心理素质。有氧健身操是较好地提高女大学生身心素质的一种有效手段。     

突发公共卫生事件人群心理应对的定性调查与分析

目的对突发公共卫生事件人群心理应对反应进行可行性的定性评估,探讨突发公共卫生事件人群心理干预的有效干预策略。方法采用个体访谈与小组访谈对96名医务人员、密切接触者、社区居民进行调查,并对资料进行分析。结果不同对象对突发公共卫生事件的认知不同;产生了一定的心理反应,但程度较轻,持续时间较短;采用了不同的方法,消除了心理反应;提出了对社会支持的需求;都需要知识培训;大部分人对现况的满意度不高;被访谈者的意见和建议主要集中于政府政策与职责、卫生服务、宣传与监督等方面。结论良好的心理应对反应能力可以帮助人群建立健康的心理及行为,对突发公共卫生事件的处置具有重要的意义。需要在改善健康政策、社会支持、强化培训等方面进一步开展工作。     

认知行为干预高血压患者社区康复的对照研究

目的研究探讨高血压患者心理卫生状况;观察认知行为治疗高血压患者的心理卫生康复状况。方法采用SCL-90、SAS、SDS对高血压患者进行心理评定;采用认知行为治疗、自我行为放松训练方法对高血压患者进行心理康复。结果高血压患者的SCL-90各因子及SAS得分均显著高于正常人群组(P<0.05);人际关系、敌对因子和SDS得分两者无统计学差异(P>0.05);高血压患者通过心理干预后,患者的躯体、强迫、抑郁、敌对、焦虑以及SAS得分较干预前有统计学差异(P<0.05);高血压患者通过心理干预后血压较干预前有显著降低(P<0.05)。结论高血压患者通过认知疗法与心理放松疗法干预后,患者的心理卫生状况有显著改善,对降低血压有一定效果。     

Regular aerobic exercise increases dispositional mindfulness in men: A randomized controlled trial

Dispositional mindfulness is a construct described as the propensity to be aware of one's actions in everyday life. Although high dispositional mindfulness has been demonstrated to be beneficial for improved mental and physical health, little is known about ways to improve dispositional mindfulness for individuals not practicing meditation or mindful exercises. The study aimed at investigating (1) whether dispositional mindfulness can also be trained by regular aerobic exercise and (2) whether changes in dispositional mindfulness are associated with changes in mental and physical health. 149 healthy men were randomly allocated to one of two 12-week interventions (aerobic exercise or relaxation training) or a waitlist control condition. Dispositional mindfulness and mental and physical health were assessed before and after the intervention by self-report questionnaires. Over the course of the intervention, increases in dispositional mindfulness occurred in the aerobic exercise group but not in the relaxation or waitlist control conditions (p = .018). Increases in dispositional mindfulness were moderately correlated with improvements in mental health. For the first time, this study shows that dispositional mindfulness can be increased through regular aerobic exercise. Future research is needed to identify how the mindfulness-enhancing potential of aerobic exercise can be used most effectively.     

Evaluation of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mental Health First Aid Program

Objective : This study reports findings from an uncontrolled evaluation of a course designed to educate participants in how to recognise and respond to mental health problems until professional help is received. Methods : Utilising a mixed methods design, participants in 21 different courses, delivered across two Australian states, were invited to complete pre‐, post‐, and follow‐up surveys and provide qualitative feedback on their training experiences. Results : Participants reported feeling more confident in their capacity to respond appropriately to a person presenting with a mental health need and believed they would be more likely to provide assistance. Satisfaction was attributed to the skills and sensitivities of instructors who had lived experience of mental health concerns in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Conclusion : This course holds promise in improving mental health literacy in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health. Implications for public health : Few courses are available that address issues relating to the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People. This study illustrates how community engagement with primary health and specialist mental health services might be strengthened.     

Supporting rehabilitation training of COPD patients through multivariate sensor-based monitoring and autonomous control using a Bayesian network: prototype and results of a feasibility study

Repeated endurance training - supervised by an expert - is one of the most effective rehabilitation methods for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to improve physical function. Monitoring of vital signs in combination with an automatic intelligent training control and emergency detection facilitates supervised training without the physical presence of an expert as well as training optimisation through individualisation. The aim of this study is the development of a suitable analysis and control method for this purpose. Healthy volunteers and patients with COPD were equipped with body sensors during ergometer training to enable measuring their vital signs continuously. Depending on these values, the exercise load of the ergometer was controlled automatically using a Bayesian network. The network, trained with expert knowledge and training data, is embedded in our system by using Java application programming interface. Extensive tests in a laboratory setting have proved safe usage of our prototype. In a case study, evaluation during training sessions with patients with COPD took place. Due to the automatic control the patients' vital signs ranged inside the predefined optimal thresholds for at least 95% of the time. Furthermore, our results suggest an increase of the training efficiency compared with the conventional method (constant exercise load).     

抗菌药物合理应用的多环节管理

采取多环节管理措施对抗菌药物的使用进行管理。措施包括：建立健全组织机构及规章制度；采用多种形式进行全员培训；制定既紧跟前沿理论又具有可操作性的标准；采用有效的干预措施；采用科学的评价方法并及时反馈，以达到持续改进的目的。实践证明措施行之有效。