以能力为本位以行动为导向的护理教学模式

该文报道了河南省周口卫生学校在中等职业护理教学中，遵循能力本位原则，运用病案教学法、情景教学法、问题教学法、角色扮演法等教学方法，实施以行动为导向的教学模式。通过成绩分析，发现此教学方法能有效地激发学生的学习兴趣，有利于学生综合素质的培养和学生适应岗位能力的提高。     

角色扮演法在《内科护理学》实践教学中的应用

目的：探讨角色扮演法在《内科护理学》临床实践教学中的应用方法与效果。方法：对北华大学护理学院2007级学制四年护理本科班级的学生在《内科护理学》临床实践教学中实施角色扮演法,并对其效果进行问卷调查。结果：角色扮演法可以提高护生的学习兴趣,使后者更有效地理解和掌握教学内容,提高其沟通及实践能力,增强其自主学习的意识。结论：在《内科护理学》实践教学中运用角色扮演法教学,有助于护生综合能力的培养,提高教学质量。     

中医美容教学法改革的探索与思考

中医美容应用型、技能型人才是当今美容市场的需求,也是中医美容教育者应着力培养的目标,实现的基本途径是提高教学和学习效率,重视学生临床实践能力的培养。创新型、研究型中医美容人才的培养,更适合采用以问题为中心教学法、探究式思维教学法和科研思路训练教学法等教学方法,这些方法已初步受到学生的赞誉,也为中医美容教学法的改革带来了经验和希望。     

中医美容教学法改革的探索与思考

中医美容应用型、技能型人才是当今美容市场的需求,也是中医美容教育者应着力培养的目标,实现的基本途径是提高教学和学习效率,重视学生临床实践能力的培养。创新型、研究型中医美容人才的培养,更适合采用以问题为中心教学法、探究式思维教学法和科研思路训练教学法等教学方法,这些方法已初步受到学生的赞誉,也为中医美容教学法的改革带来了经验和希望。     

基于游戏教学法的小学英语课堂教学实践

小学阶段的英语学习不仅要使学生奠定牢固的知识基础,还要培养学生的英语学习兴趣,使他们乐于学习,善于学习,而不是对英语学习产生畏难情绪.在小学英语课堂教学实践中应用游戏教学法不仅有利于寓教于乐,活跃课堂氛围,激发学生的学习兴趣,还能在游戏过程中培养学生的团结协作能力,逻辑思维能力和听说读写能力.所以本文首先分析了游戏教学法在小学英语课堂教学中的实践应用原则,然后从转变传统教学观念,丰富游戏教学法形式,利用游戏进行巩固练习等几个方面来研究游戏教学法的实践策略.     

临床案例分析在心内科教学中的应用

病例教学法是一种以病例为基础的教学法。通过对实际病例的分析,培养学生思考问题和解决问题的能力,引导学生将抽象的理论与临床实践相结合,以便于提高教学质量。将病例教学法引入心内科教学中,充分调动了学生的学习积极性,取得了良好的教学效果,是提高教学质量和学生素质较为有效的方法。     

PBL教学法在口腔修复实习教学中的应用

目的观察PBL(Problem-Based learning)即“以问题为基础”的教学模式在口腔修复实习教学中的应用情况。方法以2002级口腔班70名学生为研究对象,分为实验组和对照组,分别用PBL教学法和传统教学法进行教学。结果实验组操作考核成绩明显优于对照组,对学生进行问卷调查也表明PBL教学法有助于提高学习兴趣、培养自学能力、增强合作精神。结论PBL教学法在口腔修复实习教学中的应用培养了学生的自学能力、协作能力和创造力,促进了学生评判性思维的发展。     

病例整合式教学法在外科学理论教学中的探讨

探讨病例整合式教学法在外科学理论教学中的应用，培养学生的动手能力。通过病例整合式教学法教学，使学生在掌握理论知识后进行病例实践练习。让学生从不同角度的知识面学习掌握病例。这种教学方法使学生记得牢、学得快，是切实可行的培养学生动手能力的手段，学生毕业后能尽快胜任临床工作。     

TBL结合角色扮演教学法在急诊心肺复苏教学中的研究

目的 探讨TBL结合角色扮演教学模式在心肺复苏教学中的效果。方法 选取急诊科临床专业实习医生87名分成对照组和实验组。对照组采取传统的教学方法,实验组采取角色扮演结合TBL的教学方法,比较2组学生心肺复苏理论和技能考核成绩,并对两组实习生的教学成效进行满意度问卷调查。结果 对照组的理论成绩与实验组没有明显差异（P>0.05）,但实验组的操作技能成绩明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;实验组实习同学对TBL结合角色扮演教学法满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TBL结合角色扮演教学模式在急诊心肺复苏教学中显著提升了教学效果,值得大力推广应用。     

PBL教学法在临床护理见习课中的应用探讨

加强学生素质教育是时代赋予教师的使命 ,高等教育必须重视培养大学生的创新能力、实践能力和创业精神 ,普遍提高大学生的人文素养和科学素质。教师不仅要教给学生专业知识 ,更重要的是要教会他们怎样学习 ,怎样科学思维 ,怎样面对困难和问题 ,怎样寻求解决困难和问题的途径与方法。而传统的教学方式把学生禁锢在课本上、课堂上 ,这种以教师为中心的教学方式使学生围着教师转 ,抑制了学生的创造性思维。作者采用传统教学法与PBL教学法对比分析 ,认为PBL教学法有利于调动学生的主观能动性、培养学生的实践能力以及创造性思维 ,促进相互沟通 ,锻炼学生对知识的应用能力 ,使学生的综合素质得到进一步提高。同时也有利于提高教师的教学水平。     

阶段性目标教学法在ICU护生带教中的应用聚效果

目的：探讨阶段性目标教学法在ICU实习护生带教中的应用及效果。方法：将96名ICU实习护生分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用阶段性目标教学法进行带教并适时评估,对照组采用传统带教方法,按照实习大纲要求学习、传授知识。结果：实验组护生各项成绩均显著优于对照组（P〈O．01）。结论：实施阶段性目标教学使护生学习目标明确,提高主观能动性及学习效率。     

执业医师与研究生入学考试真题讲评在骨科教学中的应用分析

目的探讨在骨科教学中，补充讲评研究生入学考试以及执业医师考试真题的教学效果。方法分析历年研究生入学考试以及执业医师考试真题中的骨科相关考点，并将其穿插在骨科教学中讲解。结果讲评真题可以在帮助学生理解教材的同时达到备考的目的。结论这种针对学生实际需要的教学方法，可以有效提高学生注意力和学习积极性。     

Seminar教学模式在整形美容外科临床教学中的应用

[目的]探讨Seminar教学模式在整形美容外科临床教学中的应用效果. [方法]将2009级美容专业60名学生随机分为观察组和对照组,各30名.观察组采用Seminar教学,对照组采用传统讲授法教学.学期结束后对学生进行问卷调查,并对临床技能进行考核. [结果] Seminar教学极大地提升了学生学习的积极性和主动性,扩大了学生的知识面,锻炼了学生的综合能力和实践能力,提高了学生处理问题的灵活性和临床科研的思维能力. [结论] Seminar教学模式是整形美容外科临床课程的较好的一种教学模式,对整形美容外科学教学发展起到了积极作用.     

浅谈开展创新教育的研究与实践

妇产科教研室近几年来,临床课理论教学、见习、生产实习时;开展了培养学生创新思维和创新能力的研究与实践。;要求师生明确时代发展的基本特征及其要求,转变传统的教学观念,适应新的教学模式,跳出学科本位思想的束缚,拓宽学生的知识面,汲取更多、更新的知识。实施三个转变即以教师为中心向学生为中心的转变,由统一课程向选修课程的转变,由学科基础向问题基础的转变。见习课、生产实习坚持“以人为本”的模式,师生互动、强调个性、重在品德、突出创新思维和新观念;探索创新教育规律;对大学生进行创新意识的培养;通过授课、见习、读书报告会、有关知识抢答赛、义诊等活动相结合实施;培养模式的多样化与培养方案的个性化;学生创新意识提高,自主学习能力增强。几年来,多次学生的座谈会、意见反馈,学生对妇产科教学反映较好。认为师资队伍齐,创新意识强;给了学生～个创新思维和创新能力锻炼的空间。每次效果评分均在90分以上。院教学办每学期的教学质量评估均在前茅：     

Uncovering the Hidden Medical Curriculum through a Pedagogy of Discomfort

What lies beneath the formal or overt curriculum may impair students' professional growth and development, including their ability to foster genuine relationships with patients and others, and may contribute to the inadvertent, often negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors expressed by medical students and witnessed by educators within and external to the classroom environment. To understand the impact a hidden medical curriculum has on both students and educators, I look at one particular model often used in medical education – the physician–patient relationship. I show how this therapeutic relationship ought to be understood through a pedagogy of discomfort, a model developed by Megan Boler (Feeling Power; Emotions and Education, 1999), as a way to uncover the hidden curriculum as it engages students in a collective, critical discourse through which their sense of self in relation to others becomes the groundwork for their professional and moral development. Understanding the physician–patient relationship through a pedagogy of discomfort also teachers students how to critically think about the different values and beliefs held by physicians and patients and how to begin to recognize themselves as physicians in relation to their patients and others.     

Teaching physical pulmonary examination through the problem-based method

Action-research was accomplished at the Federal University of Goiás College of Nursing in 1998 aiming at implementing and analyzing the teaching resources of physical pulmonary examination through the problem-based method. The Arch Method Phases were developed with sophomores in the undergraduate Nursing Course. During the Conclusion Hypothesis phase, the need of various activities in order to fix the theme was observed. In the theoretical and psycho-motor evaluation, we verified that the students had more difficulty in performing percussion and palpitation. It was concluded that the application of the problem-based pedagogy in physical examination was feasible.     

Preparing the Educators Who Teach About Families: Engaging Family Science in the University Setting

In this article, we address foundational and innovative aspects of preparing educators who teach about families, including theoretical, methodological, and practical considerations. We approach our task by defining and utilizing a human development and family science (HDFS) worldview, which, like the related foci on translational family science and family life education, integrates both the need for comprehensive academic grounding and professional preparation in the service of improving individual and family lives. We integrate the HDFS worldview with critical pedagogy and feminist praxis in family science that explicitly calls attention to inequality, oppression, and the need to empower individuals, families, communities, and societies. One of the hallmarks of HDFS scholarship and pedagogy on families is the intentional approach of teaching students to work in fields where they are seeking to name and redress individual and family vulnerability. In addition, we provide a comprehensive case study of collegiate education for training graduate students who are preparing to teach undergraduate students in the interdisciplinary field of HDFS. Finally, we provide directions for future research and implications for practice in HDFS pedagogy and teacher training in academic and community settings.     

Short-term outcomes and long-term impact of a programme in medical education for medical students

Objectives  There is growing appreciation of the value of early preparation of future medical educators. Staff development programmes, conferences and workshops pertaining to the training of educators may be crucial to the pursuit of a school's larger educational mission to educate students, doctors and scholars and to provide comprehensive knowledge, research, patient care and service. This study examined the efficacy of a 1-week educational intervention aimed at preparing medical students to become effective doctor educators by building skills early in their careers. The study asked whether participation in a 5-day teacher training programme led to increased knowledge of instructional methods, more favourable attitudes towards teaching, and the integration of structured instructional design methods in a student-developed teaching project.
Methods  A mixed methods research design was employed with quantitative data captured through pre- and post-test inventories, qualitative components captured through written comments, and a 2-year post-intervention survey. Quantitative analyses included pre-/post-intervention repeated measures with calculated effect sizes. Qualitative analysis was conducted using constant comparative methods.
Results  Subjects demonstrated improved content knowledge and more positive attitudes towards motivation, teaching confidence, teacher roles, varied pedagogy, and use of assessment, instructional planning, and evaluation. Subjects were able to incorporate the programme's teaching theory and methods into their teaching projects and assessment of peers' and others' teaching in their own institutions 2 years post-training.
Conclusions  This study demonstrates that a well-designed programme for teacher preparation can be pedagogically effective for training medical students to become better educators and that this learning can be incorporated into long-term practice.     

以“问题为中心”教学法在神经科研究生教学中的应用

目的探讨以"问题为中心"教学法在神经科研究生教学中的应用效果。方法选取2008至2011届之间的神经科临床研究生60人,然后把神经科临床研究生随机分为A组(传统教学法组)和B组(PBL教学法组),每组各30人,后进行统计及观察比较两组学生考试成绩的差异及独立解决临床问题能力人数和临床逆向思维能力的人数的差异。结果将传统教学组和PBL组的学生考试成绩进行统计,PBL组成绩优于传统教学组,PBL组学生独立解决临床问题能力人数和临床逆向思维能力的人数明显高于传统教学组P均﹤0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论 PBL教学法在提高学生灵活运用知识方面和提高整体水平方面均优于传统教学法。便于学生掌握正确的推理方法与临床思维,提高解决问题能力以及创新能力。     

An integrated course in occupational medicine. A proposed teaching program based on the new organization of the degree course in medicine and surgery]

The curriculum of Italian Medical School of the Faculty of Medicine has been recently renewed at a national level. Considering the numerous innovations introduced, a new role has been attributed to the teaching of occupational health, particularly occupational medicine. Occupational Medicine is usually regarded as a part of community medicine and, despite the fact that occupational disease may be in decline in industrially developed countries, the increasing concern regarding environmental pollution related health effects, stress the relevance of the methodologies already formulated within the occupational health disciplines. Of all environmental factors, occupational medicine has contributed largely to the knowledge about the health effects of occupation and its role in the complex problem at work related to today's medical students as a way of introducing the appreciation of worldwide environmental effects and how to measure, monitor and modify them. In this article the content of the occupational health course is revised and according to the principles of modern medical pedagogy, the teaching is divided in primary and secondary objectives and organized to the resolution of real problems. The importance of the relevant evidences of clinical occupational medicine is discussed and their insertion into other clinical disciplines is proposed. The knowledge of distribution, recognition, management and prevention of the major occupational diseases is a final target of the teaching. The introduction of innovative teaching methods such as factory visits, case history discussion or role playing exercises is suggested as an integrated, multidisciplinary approach able to promote the preventive attitude of students. The efficacy of the teaching has to be evaluated with appropriate methods every time, to verify both informative and formative aspects.