女性系统性红斑狼疮患者的肺部病变表现和发生率调查研究

目的:研究女性系统性红斑狼疮患者的肺部病变表现和发生率。方法:对124例女性系统性红斑狼疮患者进行胸部平片高分辨率计算机断层摄影术,分析临床和影像学表现。结果:系统性红斑狼疮患者主要的肺部病变有胸膜炎/胸腔积液、间质性肺炎、肺动脉高压、小气道病变、急性狼疮肺炎、肺泡出血、肺挛缩和肺栓塞等,总体发生率37.10%。间质性肺炎患者主要表现出实变影、网状影、蜂窝影、磨玻璃影4种影响学特征,间质性肺炎的磨玻璃影特征在全肺各段分布基本频率基本相当,实变影主要集中分布于肺叶下段(53.85%),网状影主要集中分布于肺叶外周(46.15%)、肺叶下段(38.46%),蜂窝影主要集中分布于肺叶外周(46.15%)、肺叶下段(38.46%)。按照年龄分组,青少年组肺部病变表现主要为胸膜炎/胸腔积液、间质性肺炎和肺动脉高压,累及19例,累及率为24.05%;中年组累及12例,累及率46.51%;老年组累计15例,累及率78.95%;3组累及率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肺部病变是女性系统性红斑狼疮的常见累及器官,总体发生率高,病变表现多样,应积极进行对症治疗。     

尘肺病合并特发性间质性肺炎(IIPs)的影像学表现

[目的]研究尘肺病合并特发性间质性肺炎(IiPs)的影像学特点. [方法]对67例尘肺病合并间质性肺炎的影像学资料进行分析,总结其影像学特点. [结果] 67例病例中并发59例普通型间质性肺炎(UIP),占88.06％;并发2例非特异性间质性肺炎(NSIP),占2.99％;2例脱屑性间质性肺炎(DIP),占2.99％;1例呼吸性细支气管炎伴间质性肺病(RB-ILD),占1.49％;1例急性间质性肺炎(AIP),占1.49％;1例淋巴细胞间质性肺炎(LIP),占1.49％;1例隐源性机化性肺炎(COP),占1.49％.尘肺合并UIP小阴影以p为主者5例,占8.47％,以s影为主者54例,占91.53％,大阴影为主者1例,占1.69％,以s影为主的尘肺合并UIP较以p影为主的尘肺合并UIP的病例多,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);尘肺合并IiPs胸片表现以磨玻璃影、网织结节影、蜂窝影等为主;尘肺合并IIPs高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现以磨玻璃影、蜂窝影伴牵引性支气管扩张、小叶间隔增厚等改变为主.HRCT显示,尘肺合并IIPs磨玻璃影、蜂窝影伴牵引性支气管扩张、小叶间隔增厚较胸片明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). [结论]掌握尘肺病合并IIPs的影像学特点对正确诊断尘肺病以及判断预后有重要意义.     

肺泡蛋白沉积症影像诊断的病理基础及临床应用研究

目的研究肺泡蛋白沉积症(PAP)影像诊断的病理基础及临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析经支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)或开胸肺活检证实9例PAP的临床、病理及影像资料,并探讨其影像征象的病理学基础及影像诊断的临床应用价值。结果9例PAP的影像表现主要为双肺弥漫且对称分布的腺泡结节影、斑片影、线状影、网状影、磨玻璃影及大片状非叶段性阴影。组织病理学上见病变肺泡腔及小气道内部分或完全充填以PAS染色阳性物质,从而形成磨玻璃影及实变影;而病变肺组织与正常肺组织或肺气肿混合并存,是典型地图样改变的基本原因;病变区间质炎症及水肿致间隔系统增厚,从而使病变表现出为三角形、多角形及不规则形影,因此为HRCT上产生典型铺路石样改变的病理基础。结论PAP的临床表现虽无特异性,但其特征性病理改变是典型影像学表现的基础,因而影像检查可以有效地缩小临床进一步确诊的范围。     

早期肺部感染患者螺旋CT+胸部X线联合诊断的临床效果

目的 分析对早期肺部感染患者给予螺旋CT+胸部X线联合诊断的临床效果。方法 选取2021年2月-2022年6月医院诊断确诊的80例早期肺部感染患者为研究对象，按照性别、年龄组间均衡可比的原则分为观察组40例和对照组40例。对照组采用胸部X线诊断，观察组采用螺旋CT+胸部X线联合诊断，对比两组诊断符合率及影像特征。结果 两种影像学诊断符合率比较，观察组诊断符合率95.00%高于对照组诊断符合率65.00%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对照组不同类型肺部感染患者的CT表现出不同的影像征象，其中真菌感染的影像特征主要为实变影和磨玻璃影，非特异性细菌感染的影像特征主要为实变影，病毒感染的影像特征主要为磨玻璃影，混合感染的影像特征主要为磨玻璃影和实变影。结论 对早期肺部感染患者给予螺旋CT+胸部X线联合诊断的临床效果优于单纯胸部X线诊断。     

15例隐源性机化性肺炎HRCT特征分析及临床治疗

目的探讨隐源性机化性肺炎(COP)的HRCT特征、病理、临床表现及治疗,提高COP的影像学认识水平及临床治疗。方法回顾性分析15例病理诊断COP患者的HRCT表现、病理、临床及实验室检查,并复习相关文献。结果肺功能检查示12例有限制性肺通气功能障碍,其中9例伴弥散功能下降;1例轻度阻塞性肺通气功能障碍;2例未见异常。实验室检查,13例白细胞增加,9例C-反应蛋白阳性,8例红细胞沉降率加快。HRCT斑片状实变影11例,磨玻璃影10例,不规则线状影7例,反晕征1例,细支气管扩张6例,胸腔积液2例。结论COP典型表现为两肺下部胸膜下,沿支气管血管束分布的斑片状实变影,且具有游走性。影像学表现结合临床及实验室检查可提示COP诊断。早期行糖皮质激素治疗效果明显。     

职业性硬金属肺病1例报道

目的报道1例职业性硬金属肺病(HMLD)的临床表现、胸部影像学、病理改变及诊断治疗。方法对1例经病理学检查证实的HMLD患者的职业史、临床表现、胸部计算机断层扫描和肺组织病理学检查资料进行总结。结果患者职业接触钴、钨金属粉尘后7年开始出现咳嗽和劳力后呼吸困难;肺功能检查结果为限制性通气功能障碍;胸部计算机断层扫描表现为双肺弥漫性病变,可见磨玻璃影、实变影、小结节影、网状影和牵拉性支气管扩张。肺组织病理学改变为巨噬细胞性间质性肺炎表现,即在肺泡腔内有巨噬细胞和大量的多核巨细胞聚集。结论明确的硬金属粉尘接触史和肺组织病理学检查有助于HMLD的诊断。     

肺炎支原体抗体滴度与肺炎支原体肺部感染成年患者CT影像特点的相关性分析

目的探讨肺炎支原体肺部感染成年患者CT影像特点与肺炎支原体抗体滴度的相关性。方法选取2017年4月-2018年10月于河南省中医院门诊或住院治疗的72例肺炎支原体肺部感染患者作为研究对象,对患者CT影像学特点和肺炎支原体抗体滴度水平资料进行整理,并对两种检查结果的相关性进行统计分析。结果 72例患者中早期MP抗体滴度以1∶80为主,占比29.17%,其次为1∶40和1∶160,均占比15.28%。72例患者中单肺病变58例,其中以右肺上叶和左肺下叶较多分别有22例和18例,占比30.56%、25.00%。CT表现以磨玻璃影、实变影和结节影为主,分别有61例、50例和32例,占比84.72%、69.44%和44.44%。肺炎支原体肺部感染患者MP抗体滴度为1∶40、1∶80、1∶160时以磨玻璃影为主要表现,1∶320、1∶640表现为磨玻璃影和结节影共存,1∶2560、1∶5120表现为磨玻璃影、结节影和实变影同存,1∶10240则以实变影为主要表现。经相关性分析结果显示,MP抗体滴度等级与实变影发现率有相关关系(r=0.746,P=0.021)。结论成人肺炎支原体肺炎患者在CT表现上具有一定的特征,早期肺炎抗体滴度与肺实变呈正相关,与其他肺部CT表现无明显相关性。     

高分辨率CT在肺泡蛋白沉积症影像诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨高分辨率CT（HRCT）在肺泡蛋白沉积症（PAP）中的诊断价值。方法回顾我院2011年2月至2013年12月收治的7例PAP患者,所有患者均经病理诊断证实,进行常规胸片检查后,采用多层螺旋CT扫描仪进行肺部检查,首先行普通胸部平扫,之后行HRCT扫描,比较患者2种检查结果的影像学改变。结果胸部X线示,2例以肺门为中心呈＂蝶翼＂状片影,类似肺泡性肺水肿;2例两下肺广泛大片状阴影,类似肺部炎症;2例为左中上肺淡薄均匀的云雾状磨玻璃影;1例为两肺广泛分布的磨玻璃影及小结节状阴影。行HRCT检查后,在4例行普通CT检查呈大片状磨玻璃密度影的患者中,3例表现为两肺较淡的斑片状磨玻璃影,不呈叶段分布;1例表现为磨玻璃影,与正常肺组织间分界清楚,边缘可成角或呈弧形,如＂地图样＂改变;在其余3例普通CT表现为粟粒样结节影的患者中,2例HRCT表现为两肺磨玻璃影与小叶间隔增厚交织成＂铺路石样＂改变,其中1例可见蜂房征,1例肺泡实变融合成密度较高的斑片状实变阴影,并在肺泡实变区可见空气支气管征。结论 HRCT表现较普通CT更能清楚地显示PAP的特征性变化,可为PAP的影像学诊断提供一定的价值。     

肺炎型肺泡细胞癌的CT特征

目的探讨肺炎型肺泡细胞癌的CT特征及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析20例经支气管镜活检、穿刺活检及手术等病理证实的肺炎型肺泡细胞癌的临床及影像资料,总结其CT特征并对其诊断价值进行评价。结果4例两肺弥漫分布,16例CT表现为肺叶或局限性肺段实变,均为周围性分布。单纯磨玻璃密度影9例,实变病灶内伴有不规则小结节样改变6例,磨玻璃密度影与小结节共存5例。空气支气管征8例,小泡征6例,叶间裂向外膨隆5例;4例增强后有2例可见“血管造影”征。结论尽管肺炎型肺泡细胞癌与感染性肺炎较难区别,但其影像学表现仍具有一定的特征性,结合临床及实验室检查有助于提高其诊断的准确性。     

肺多发性小血管炎少见胸部CT表现

目的 探讨肺多发性小血管炎的少见胸部CT表现,旨在提高对本病的认识,减少误诊。方法 对6例临床确诊为肺多发性小血管炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 胸部CT主要表现两肺血管束增粗、扭曲,以肺门为中心向外分布、伴有磨玻璃影2例,肺气肿表现、局部肺大泡2例。双侧胸腔少量积液,双侧胸膜轻度增厚2例。两肺弥漫性病变,类似间质性肺病,呈网格影、小囊状影,小叶间隔增厚,双肺下叶及胸膜下分布为主,伴(或无)多发斑片影及磨玻璃影,少许支气管扩张样改变,局部代偿性气肿4例。结论 肺多发性小血管炎肺损害的影像学主要表现间质性改变,分布以轴心间质和(或)周围间质均可,结合临床上有多器官受累表现,进行ANCA相关实验室检查,可以早期正确诊断。     

136例小儿支原体肺炎肺部影像学改变的临床分析

目的 探讨小儿支原体肺炎的肺部影像学改变,为临床小儿支原体肺炎的诊断提供依据.方法 选取2009年10月-2010年2月在医院就诊的136例支原体肺炎患儿及同期体检的100名健康儿童作为研究对象,136例支原体肺炎患儿设为患儿组,100名健康体检儿童设为健康组,所有入组患儿及健康儿童均行胸部正位X线检查,比较患儿组治疗前与健康组儿童的胸部正位片结果、患儿组治疗前及治疗后胸部正位片结果,总结支原体肺炎儿童的肺部影像学改变特点.结果 支原体肺炎患儿的X线影像学较健康儿童有明显的特异性,肺部均出现阴影,78.7％的患儿表现为单侧下叶肺部阴影,45.6％患儿肺部纹理增多,根据病程的不同,阴影形状亦不同;健康组儿童肺部仅7.0％出现阴影,且都具有支原体肺炎史,患儿治疗前的肺部阴影发生率为100.0％,治疗后肺部阴影发生率为25.0％,治疗前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 小儿支原体肺炎早期临床症状较易和病毒性、细菌性肺炎混淆,但支原体肺炎患儿X线胸片显示,其肺部有明显的影像学特征,可作为诊断的重要证据之一.     

儿童肺炎支原体感染支气管肺炎与大叶性肺炎临床及血液学特征

目的探究肺炎支原体(MP)感染支气管肺炎与大叶性肺炎患儿临床特点以及早期血液检查指标差异。方法回顾性分析2016年6月-2019年12月海口市琼山区妇幼保健院收治的138例MP感染肺炎患儿资料,按照肺部影像检查结果将患儿分为支气管肺炎组(n=78)及大叶性肺炎组(n=60),收集两组患儿临床表现与体征,影像学检查以及血液检查结果,并评估患儿治疗效果及转归情况。结果支气管肺炎组患儿超声显示病灶多为等回声或者低回声,CT扫描可见密度不匀、边界模糊磨玻璃影或者斑片状密度增加影,伴明显支气管充气征;大叶性肺炎组患儿超声显示病灶存在显著回声,回声形态与脾脏、肝脏以及肺叶形态相近,CT充血期显示出磨玻璃样病变,实质期显示为大叶状或者显示为肺段分布实变影;支气管肺炎组发热、喘息以及胸腔积液患儿占比显著低于大叶性肺炎组(P<0.05),两组患儿呼吸困难、干咳或咳痰、双肺干、湿性啰音、呼吸音降低等临床症状体征比较差异无统计学意义;支气管肺炎组患儿淋巴细胞计数显著高于大叶性肺炎组,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞、血小板计数等指标水平以及C-反应蛋白、降钙素原炎症指标水平低于大叶性肺炎组(P<0.05);支气管肺炎组患儿PEF、FVC以及FEV1等肺功能指标显著优于大叶性肺炎组(P<0.05)。支气管肺炎组患儿肺部体征消失时间、发热时间、咳嗽缓解时间较大叶性肺炎组患儿显著缩短,转归情况优于大叶性肺炎组患儿(P<0.05)。结论 MP感染致支气管肺炎与大叶性肺炎患儿影像学表现、临床体征、早期血生化指标、肺功能存在差异,最终导致患儿预后不同,各指标综合分析有利于对两种肺炎诊断。     

8例鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者的临床特征分析及其诊治

目的分析鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者的临床特征和诊治方法,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析某院2019年9月—2021年8月经宏基因组学二代测序技术(mNGS)诊断的鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者的临床资料,总结该病的临床特征及诊治要点。结果 8例患者中男性7例,女性1例,年龄45～83岁。所有患者均以高热起病,可伴有咳嗽、乏力、全身肌肉酸痛等症状,其中6例有明确的禽类接触史。8例患者均出现C反应蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶升高,凝血功能异常;5例患者淋巴细胞计数下降;6例患者表现丙氨酸氨基转移酶、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高,血钠下降。胸部影像表现为单侧肺病变多见,主要发生在右肺(5例),双肺发生者较少(1例),5例患者表现为肺实变伴支气管充气征,出现肺实变、磨玻璃影、空洞形成各1例。7例患者支气管镜下主要表现为支气管黏膜充血水肿。8例患者经mNGS明确诊断为鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎,给予多西环素、阿奇霉素、莫西沙星治疗,均好转出院。结论鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎通常表现为高热伴肺部斑片实变影,对患者支气管肺泡灌洗液进行mNGS检测能快速准确诊断。早期给予多西环素、阿奇霉素或莫西沙星治疗效果明显。     

An autopsy case of acute interstitial pneumonia

An autopsy case of a 77-year-old male with acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is reported. The patient died of respiratory failure in the extremely rapid course of 8 days. The histogenesis of the thickening of the alveolar wall and the intraluminal lesions were noticed. Incorporation of the hyaline membrane as well as the intraseptal edema and septal cell proliferation played an important role in the fibrous thickening of the alveolar wall. The intraluminal granulation tissue was observed in the alveolar space and the alveolar duct, often extending into the respiratory bronchioles. Intraluminal granulation tissues in the alveoli frequently had the appearance of intraluminal buds of mesenchymal cells, so-called Masson's bodies, and there was little remodeling of pulmonary structures in this case. These findings suggest an acute, diffuse and severe damage of the peripheral respiratory tract and are consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans with classical interstitial pneumonia (BIP) by Liebow and AIP by Katzenstein. This patient had suffered from suspected "Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia" (BOOP) one and half years ago. The relationship between AIP, BIP and BOOP is discussed.     

Three cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with bullae seen in schoolteachers

We encountered three patients with chronic interstitial pneumonia with many bullae in the lower lung fields whose lifetime occupation was teaching school. Pathological examination of autopsy lungs of these patients revealed interstitial pneumonia and multiple bullae throughout the lungs, including the lower lobe. Since blackboard chalk has been used as a popular writing material among teachers in Japan, the mineral contents in the lungs of two of the three cases and four control cases with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) (whose occupations were not teaching) were analyzed. The amount of deposition of total dust, inorganic dust, non-SiO₂ inorganic dust, and calcium was significantly higher in the lungs of two schoolteachers compared with those of the control lungs. The amount of free silica in case 1 and alpha-quartz in case 3 were also significantly higher than in the controls. Two thirds of the chalk produced in Japan is still made from gypsum and involves small amounts of silica and other minerals, in addition to calcium. These findings indicated the deposition of chalk in the lungs of these patients with interstitial pneumonia and multiple bullae.     

显微镜下多血管炎肺部受累的CT表现与临床分析

目的 研究显微镜下多血管炎(MPA)肺部受累的病理基础与影像学、临床表现特点.方法 对2003-2006年收治的6例MPA患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 肺部受累影像学表现:(1)两肺多发斑片状影3例.(2)两肺磨玻璃样密度影1例.(3)弥漫性肺间质改变2例.临床表现:肺部症状除咳嗽、咯痰外,多以咯血为主,肺外受累以肾功能损害为主.实验室检测6例患者抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA)均阳性,5例为P-ANCA/MPO-ANCA阳性.结论 MPA肺部受累CT影像学表现无明显特异性,结合临床及实验室检查,可以提高认识,早期诊治.     

Enhanced expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in usual interstitial pneumonia

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, has been considered to be involved in various fibrotic disorders including idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. To clarify whether this agent contributes to the development and progression of usual interstitial pneumonia, a major entity of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, we immunohistochemically examined expression of its specific receptor, angiotensin II type 1 receptor, in human normal and diseased lung tissues. METHODS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimens obtained from patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (n=8) were sectioned and stained using single or double immunostaining techniques with specific antibodies against angiotensin II type 1 receptor and smooth muscle actin. Lung tissues of desquamative interstitial pneumonia (n=2) and normal lung tissues (n=6) were also examined for comparative analyses. RESULTS: Expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor was limited in vascular and bronchial smooth muscle cells in normal lungs. In contrast, the receptor-positive mesenchymal cells, most of which were also positive for smooth muscle actin and arranged like a bundle, were markedly increased in association with dense collagen deposition in thickened alveolar walls of usual interstitial pneumonia. In desquamative interstitial pneumonia, the fibroproliferative change, including angiotensin II type 1 receptor-positive mesenchymal cell proliferation, was milder than that in usual interstitial pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that angiotensin II and its type 1 receptor play a profibrogenic role in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, particularly in usual interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, angiotensin II type 1 receptor-positive smooth muscle cells increased in diseased lung tissues may be contractile and may contribute to reduction of airspaces in usual interstitial pneumonia.     

重症肺炎后闭塞性细支气管炎的危险因素分析

目的 探讨引起感染后闭塞性细支气管炎（postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans,PIBO）的重症肺炎的临床特征及危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年4月—2019年4月在深圳市儿童医院因重症肺炎住院治疗并最终诊断为PIBO的病例为观察组,并随机抽取同期诊断为重症肺炎未发生PIBO的病例为对照组。分析观察组重症肺炎的临床特征,并分析发生PIBO的危险因素。结果 观察组49例,对照组98例。观察组男33例,女16例;发病年龄≤2岁45例（91.8%）,患者发热、咳嗽49例（100%）,热程（12.898±5.818）d,喘息22例（44.9%）、气促19例（38.8%）。出院时肺部仍有啰音28例（57.1%）。胸部影像病初表现为间质性改变11例（78.6%,11/14）,病程中主要表现为实变19例（57.6%,19/33）。病原腺病毒26例（53.1%）,肺炎支原体17例（34.7%）。入住PICU 31例（63.3%）,使用有创呼吸机19例（38.8%）,使用激素25例（51.0%）,使用人免疫球蛋白28例（57.1%）。多因素Logistic回归结...     

Unusual pneumoconiosis in two patients with heavy print toner,and paper dust exposure

Workers in a print shop are exposed to photocopier toner dust and paper dust over a prolonged period of time. However, there are only rare case reports of toner and paper dust induced lung damage in humans. We reviewed our consultation files for a period of 30 years from 1987 to 2018 to look for cases with a diagnosis of giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP), printer toner exposure and paper dust exposure resulting in lung disease. There were two cases which met our inclusion criteria. Slides, clinical histories and imaging were reviewed. Both the patients had worked in print shops, and had no history of exposure to hard metals. Patient 1 presented with shortness of breath and cough over several months, while patient 2 was asymptomatic at presentation. Both the patients underwent surgical lung biopsies. Histopathologic examination from both the cases showed a spectrum of pathology, including features of GIP, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, chronic bronchiolitis with lymphoid hyperplasia, and particulate matter consistent with toner. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was performed on one case, and it revealed no cobalt or tungsten particles. The unusual combination of findings is very suggestive that toner particles with or without paper dust exposure were responsible for the pathologic changes in the lungs of these patients. This possibility should be explored further with additional patients who work in print shops where they are exposed to paper dust and paper toner and have signs or symptoms of diffuse lung disease.     

膈疝的影像学诊断

目的提高对膈疝的影像学特征认识。方法对28例经手术证实的膈疝的X线平片,钡餐检查或CT扫描征象进行了回顾性分析。结果膈疝的征象主要有:1)膈面异常:膈面轮廓部分或全部不清;膈上半圆形块状阴影或跨膈肌阴影。2)胸腔积气、积液或块状影:中下肺野囊状或蜂窝状透光阴影;胸腔大气液平面;心膈角区块状影。胸腔内阴影形态可变。3)钡餐(或泛影葡胺)检查胸腔内见胃肠道的影像特征。4)CT扫描胸腔内见胃肠道、网膜及肠系膜、肝脾肾。结论正确运用这些影像学检查和认识影像学表现对提高膈疝的术前诊断有重要价值。