工业卫生与职业病 总目录 1993年第19卷第1—6期

论 著 石英粉尘所致豚鼠肺泡巨噬细胞化学发光的改变—………………,…邹彤彤等(1):1 锌抗煤尘肺组织细胞毒性的实验研究………………………沈汉明 张滇凤(1):4 宽频带全身振动评价方法的探讨—………·。…………………··,……··程 宏等(l):7 3种木尘体外细胞毒性的研究—……··,·二……………………·。·,。。…。。唐小翠等(l)。9 吸入一氧化碳的大鼠主动脉内膜细胞结构与超微结构 观察…’…………………………………………………··涂荔卿 胡迪生(1):12 疏基乙酸对大鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化及葡萄糖 -6-磷酸酶活性的影响—…………     

自贡市大安区1996—2000年腌腊制品检测结果分析

为保证消费者安全食用腌腊制品 ,我们对辖区内腌腊制品进行了卫生质量监测 ,现将 1996 -2 0 0 0年的监测结果报告如下。1　材料和方法1 1　样品来源　抽取本辖区内个体腌腊制品加工厂 (场 )及部分市场零售的香肠和腊肉 (包括腊猪头 )共 14 6件 ,其中香肠 5 8件 ,腊肉 88件。1 2　检验项目　水分、食盐、酸价、亚硝酸盐。1 3　检验方法　按ＧＢ5 0 0 9·3— 85 ,ＧＢ/Ｔ5 0 0 9·44— 96 ,ＧＢ/Ｔ5 0 0 9·33— 96。1 4　评价标准　按ＧＢ10 14 7— 88卫生标准及ＧＢ2 730— 81卫生标准。2　结果与讨论2 1　 1996 -2 0 0 0年共抽取腌腊制品 …     

驻北疆部队官兵子女血清微量元素水平分析

目的调查驻北疆高寒地区部队官兵的子女血清微量元素的含量 ,为调整儿童的微量元素营养状况提供依据。方法采用化学显色法检测 ,5～ 7岁学龄前儿童血清铁、铜、锌含量 ,用氧化高铁血红蛋白法测定血红蛋白含量。结果 132名学龄前儿童血清铁、铜、锌的含量分别为(9.92± 3.14 ) μmol·L 1、(12 .6 3± 3.75 ) μmol·L 1、(14 .4 5± 5 .0 3) μmol·L 1,其中低于正常参考值下限者分别占 2 2 .73%、15 .91%、12 .12 % ;血红蛋白的含量为 (112 .9± 6 .2 5 )g·L 1,处于正常水平。其中 ,血红蛋白含量低于 110g·L 1者 31人 ,贫血的发生率为 2 3.4 8%。贫血儿童血清铁、铜、锌含量分别为 (8.6 2± 2 .32 ) μmol·L 1、(11.36± 3.84 ) μmol·L 1、(12 .82± 4 .32 ) μmol·L 1,明显低于正常儿童 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论北疆高寒地区部分学龄前儿童的贫血发生情况及血清铁、铜、锌等微量元素水平不容乐观 ,应引起足够的重视。     

白介素—8水平与医院感染性肺炎关系的初步研究

目的 :探讨全身及局部白介素 - 8(IL - 8)水平与医院内感染性肺炎 (NosocomialPneumonia ,NP)发生的关系 ,为NP发病免疫机制的研究提供实验依据。方法 :以气管切开 (或插管 )病人为研究对象 ,按全国医院感染监控中心制订的标准确诊NP。用防污染标本刷 (PSB)采集下呼吸道分泌物 ,ELISA法测定下呼吸道分泌物及血清中IL - 8的水平。结果 :NP组较对照组血清IL - 8水平显著升高 ,第 5天分别为 ( 3.96± 2 .75) μg·L- 1和 ( 3.54± 1.82 ) μg·L- 1,第 7天分别为 ( 4 .4 6± 1.13) μg·L- 1和 ( 3.4 1± 1.56) μg·L- 1;下呼吸道分泌物中的IL - 8水平第 5天分别为( 4 .36± 2 .68) μg·L- 1和 ( 3.79± 1.89) μg·L- 1,第 7天分别为 ( 4 .99± 2 .0 1) μg·L- 1和 ( 3.58± 2 .2 3)μg·L- 1,且高于血清IL - 8水平。NP组在入院第 5～ 7天血清IL - 8呈上升趋势 ,与出现NP的时间相吻合。结论 :IL - 8可能是免疫炎症反应中重要的细胞因子 ,IL - 8水平升高可能是NP发生的早期标志 ,具有一定的诊断价值。     

两种含锌化合物对染铅大鼠海马神经元型NOS的影响

目的探讨硫酸锌 (ZnSO4 )和牛磺酸锌 (TZC)拮抗铅对学习记忆损害的作用 ,为补锌防治铅中毒提供实验依据。方法采用免疫组织化学方法 ,观察饮用含 0 .2g·L- 1醋酸铅 (PbAc)饮水和每公斤含锌 2 0 0mg、6 0 0mg(5、15g·kg- 1ZnSO4 ,5 .9、17.7g·kg- 1TZC)的饲料喂养 3个月后大鼠海马神经元型一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS)阳性神经元数目的变化。结果与正常对照组大鼠海马CA1区nNOS阳性神经元数 (6 0 .6 7± 13.4 8)相比 ,染铅组海马CA1区nNOS阳性神经元数 (4 6 .6 7± 9.0 4 )明显减少 ,差别有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。而铅加 5g·kg- 1和 15g·kg- 1ZnSO4组以及铅加 5 .9g·kg- 1TZC组海马CA1区nNOS阳性神经元数 (5 3.6 0± 8.4 3、5 4.0 0± 6 .4 4和 5 6 .87± 6 .6 4)均较染铅组显著增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,以铅加 5 .9g·kg- 1TZC组的数目增加最多 ;而铅加 17.7g·kg- 1TZC组海马CA1区nNOS阳性神经元数 (5 1.6 7± 7.74 )与染铅组的差别无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。各组大鼠海马齿状回nNOS阳性细胞数的变化与CA1区变化基本一致 ,而CA3区与正常对照组无明显差别。结论锌对抗铅的毒性作用与锌的化学结合形式、锌的剂量有关     

高效液相色谱法测定去屑香波中水杨酸、吡啶硫酮锌吡啶酮乙醇胺、甘宝素和酮康唑5种去屑剂

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定去屑香波中的水杨酸、吡啶硫酮锌(ZPT)、吡啶酮乙醇胺、甘宝素和酮康唑5种去屑剂。在C18(5μm,4·6mm×l50mm)色谱柱上,以乙腈∶甲醇∶水(10mmol/L磷酸二氢钾和0·5mmol/LEDTANa2,磷酸调pH4·0)=50∶10∶40为流动相,流速为1·0ml/min;二极管陈列检测器检测波长为230nm,柱温为25℃下检测。该方法各组分变异系数小于3·8%,加标回收率在92·7%~104·9%之间,具有操作简便、准确、快速等特点。     

血清及脑组织中单胺类神经递质高效液相色谱电化学检测方法研究

目的建立一种快速准确测定大鼠血清及脑组织中单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量的高效液相色谱-电化学检测方法。方法采用ODS柱,流动相为缓冲液(0·02mol/L柠檬酸三钠和0·05mol/L磷酸氢二钠)∶甲醇=85∶15的溶液,流速1·0ml/min。结果四种神经递质保留时间的RSD在0·29%~0·67%之间、峰面积RSD在0·09%~0·36%之间,重现性好。4种回收率在85·3%~95·4%之间,检测限NE为0·083ng/ml、E为0·51ng/ml、DA为0·046ng/ml、5-HT为0·078ng/ml,线性范围NE在1·0~100ng/ml之间、E为5·0~80ng/m之间、DA为1·0~80ng/ml之间、5-HT为1·0~60ng/ml之间,相关系数在0·996~0·999之间。结论该方法为单胺类递质的神经毒理学、药理学等研究提供了一个简单灵敏、稳定可靠的方法。     

缺锌对大鼠肺组织IFN—r及IL—4的影响

目的:探讨缺锌对大鼠肺组织γ干扰素(IFN—r)和白细胞介素4(IL—4)的影响。方法:SD大鼠24只,按体重随机分为3组,每组8只。A组为缺锌饲料组;B组为正常锌饲料组;C组为正常锌饲料配对饲养组。建立缺锌模型,利用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测肺组织匀浆中IFN—r和IL—4的含量;RT—PCR检测肺组织中IFN—r、IL—4 mRNA表达。结果:与B组相比,A组大鼠肺组织匀浆中IFN—r含量、IFN—r mRNA的表达均明显减少(P<0.05),而IL—4含量I、L—4 mRNA的表达两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。B组与C组相比所有检测结果无显著性差异。结论:大鼠缺锌时其肺组织IFN—r明显减少,而IL—4不受影响,Thl/Th2细胞比例失衡,这可能是缺锌导致呼吸道疾病增加的重要原因。     

膳食中铝和几种元素的相互影响

采用化学分析法测定大学生膳食中铝、钙、镁、锌、铁、磷的摄入量及各元素间的相互影响发现,大学生膳食中铝的摄入量平均为每人4.59mg/d,钙、锌、铁的摄入量分别为供给量的40~1％、81.8％、191.1％,建议应增加富含钙食品的摄入。在摄入高铝(33.88mg·Capita~(-1)·d~(-1))状态下,短期内对血清中铝、钙、镁、锌、铁含量影响不显著,多元逐步回归分析血清铝与磷摄入量存在正相关,与镁摄入量存在负相关。     

肾移植术后肾动脉真菌感染致供肾动脉破裂(附2例报告)

我院于2 0 0 0 -10～2 0 0 4-0 3共施行肾移植手术10 9例。期间移植肾真菌感染至供肾动脉破裂2例,均抢救成功。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1·1　一般资料　本组2例均为男性,年龄5 0～5 5岁,平均5 2 5岁。发病时间术后8～10d ,平均9d。原发病均为慢性肾小球肾炎,PRA阴性。1·2　术式及术后治疗　2例患者均为供肾动脉与髂外动脉端—侧吻合。移植术后免疫移植剂采用环孢素A(CSA 5～7mg·kg-1 ·d-1 )、霉酚酸脂(MMF 15 0 0mg·d-1 )及泼尼松(Pred 2 0mg·d-1 )。1·3　临床表现　患者发病前无畏寒、发热、移植肾区疼痛、尿少等。WBC :7 …     

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of 2-[1-(5-chloro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-5-(substituted-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles

In the present investigation a series of novel 2-[1-(5-chloro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-5-(substituted-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles (4a–j) were synthesized by cyclization of substituted-benzoic acid N′-[1-(5-chloro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonyl]-hydrazide by using phosphorousoxychloride at 120 °C. The chemical structure of the newly synthesized compounds was characterized by analytical and spectral (IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and LC–MS) methods. The title compounds were screened for qualitative (zone of inhibition) and quantitative antibacterial activity (MIC) by agar cup plate and microtitration methods, respectively. Among the synthesized compounds in this series compound 2-[1-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (4b) was found to exhibit significant antibacterial activity with MICs of 22.4, 29.8, 29.6 and 30.0 μg/mL against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. The other compounds exhibited moderate activity when compared to standard substance Ampicillin.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of a new series of 2-[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles

A series of novel 2-[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized by the oxidative cyclisation of hydrazones derived from 4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]benzaldehyde and aroylhydrazines using chloramine-T as oxidant. IR, NMR and elemental analysis characterized the newly synthesized compounds. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and were compared with standard drugs. The compounds demonstrated potent to weak antimicrobial activity. Out of the compounds studied, compounds 8c and 8d showed significant inhibition. Compounds 8b, 8f, 8k and 8e showed moderate activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the compounds was in the range of 8-26 microg ml(-1) against bacteria and 8-24 microg ml(-1) against fungi. The title compounds represent a novel class of potent antimicrobial agents.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1-(4-aryl-2-thiazolyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-5-aryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives

Several 1-(4-aryl-2-thiazolyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-5-aryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by reacting substituted 3-(2-thienyl)-5-aryl-1-thiocarbamoyl-2-pyrazolines with phenacyl bromides in ethanol. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and EIMS spectral data. Their antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli (NRRL B-3704), Staphylococcus aureus (NRLL B-767), Salmonella typhimurium (NRRL B-4420), Bacillus cereus (NRRL B-3711), Streptococcus faecalis (NRRL B-14617), Aeromonas hydrophila (Ankara Uni. Fac. of Veterinary), Candida albicans and Candida glabrata (isolates obtained from Osmangazi Uni. Fac. of Medicine) were investigated. A significant level of activity was observed.     

Synthesis of some new 5-(2-substituted-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-2-hydroxy benzamides and their 2-alkoxy derivatives as possible antifungal agents

The 2-hydroxy-5-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl) benzamide (4a), 5-(2-amino-1, 3-thiazol-5-yl)-2-hydroxy benzamide (4b), 2-hydroxy-5-(2-alkyl-1,3-Thiazol-5-yl) benzamide (4c and 4d), 5-(2-[(N-substituted aryl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)2-hydroxy benzamides (6a-j) were prepared by reacting 5-(bromoacetyl) salicylamide (2) with thiourea, thioformamide, thioalkylamide (3c-d) and substituted thioureas (5a-j) in absolute ethanol. These compounds were converted to 5-(2-substituted-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-2-alkoxybenzamides and 5-(2-N-(substituted aryl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-2-alkoxy benzamides (8a-g) by reacting with n-alkylbromides (7a-b) in presence of a base. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, (1)H-NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds were also screened for their antifungal activity.     

Synthesis, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of novel 2-(1-adamantyl)-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 2-(1-adamantylamino)-5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles

Reaction of 1-adamantanecarbonyl chloride with certain carboxylic acid hydrazides in pyridine yielded the corresponding N-acyl adamantane-1-carbohydrazide derivatives 3a-j, which were cyclized to the corresponding 2-(1-adamantyl)-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 4a-j via heating with phosphorus oxychloride. Treatment of 1-adamantylisothiocyanate with some carboxylic acid hydrazides in ethanol yielded the corresponding 1-acyl-4-(1-adamantyl)-3-thiosemicarbazides 7a-g, which were cyclized to the corresponding 2-(1-adamantylamino)-5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives 8a-g. Compounds 4a-j, 7a-g, and 8a-g were tested for in vitro activities against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast-like pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Several derivatives produced good or moderate activities particularly against the tested Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. Meanwhile, compounds 4i and 8g displayed marked antifungal activity against C. albicans. In addition, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds was determined using the carrageenin-induced paw oedema method in rats. The oxadiazole derivatives 4c, 4g, 4i and 4j produced good dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity.