肠外应用谷氨酰胺治疗重症急性胰腺炎的Meta分析

目的 评价肠外应用谷氨酰胺治疗重症急性胰腺炎的有效性。方法 计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、Pubmed、Embase及Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验数据库等,查找符合纳入标准的随机对照试验,文献检索时间均从建库截至2013年1月。通过使用由Cochrane协作网推荐的方法,对谷氨酰胺治疗重症急性胰腺炎的随机对照试验进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入4篇随机对照试验,190例患者,这些试验均存在统计同质性。谷氨酰胺组比对照组病死率低[OR=0.26,95%CI（0.09,0.73）,P=0.01],并发症发生率低[OR=0.41,95%CI（0.22,0.78）,P=0.006],住院时间短[WMD=4.85d,95%CI（6.67,3.03）d,P〈0.00001]。结论 据目前的证据,谷氨酰胺对于重症急性胰腺炎有效。     

肾脏替代治疗启动时机对成人急性肾损伤患者预后影响的Meta分析

目的系统评估启用肾脏替代治疗（RRT）时机对成人急性肾损伤（AKI）患者预后的影响。 方法计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Embase数据库从建库至2019年2月发表的关于成人AKI患者启用RRT时机的临床随机对照研究（RCT）。由2位研究者按照纳入及排除标准独立进行文献筛选、资料提取及质量评价,采用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果共纳入11个RCT,包括2 332例AKI患者。Meta分析显示,早期与晚期启动RRT治疗的AKI患者间总病死率[相对危险度（RR）= 0.92,95%置信区间（CI）（0.78,1.09）,Z = 5.53,P = 0.35]、14 d病死率[RR = 0.84,95%CI（0.66,1.07）,Z = 1.40,P = 0.16]、30 d病死率[RR = 0.98,95%CI（0.83,1.10）,Z = 0.40,P = 0.69]、60 d病死率[RR = 0.97,95%CI（0.87,1.07）,Z = 0.67,P = 0.50]、90 d病死率[RR = 1.00,95%CI（0.89,1.12）,Z = 0.01,P = 0.99]、ICU住院时间[标准均数差（SMD）= -0.08,95%CI（-0.18,0.02）,Z = 1.63,P = 0.10]以及总住院时间[SMD = -0.16,95%CI（-0.32,0.00）,Z = 1.96,P = 0.05]的比较,差异均无统计学意义。 结论早期RRT治疗不能改善成人AKI患者的预后。     

早期肠内营养对ICU机械通气患者相关并发症影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价早期肠内营养(early enteral nutrition,EEN)应用于ICU机械通气患者的效果,为重症患者营养支持提供循证依据。方法应用计算机检索PubMed数据库、Cochrane Library、Web of Knowledge、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库和维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)中关于比较EEN与肠外营养(parenteral nutrition,PN)对ICU机械通气患者的随机对照试验。两名研究者对满足纳入标准的文献采用RevMan5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入11篇文献,其中4篇英文文献,7篇中文文献,共5 574例患者。经Meta分析结果显示,与PN相比,EEN能够降低患者肺部感染发生率[OR=0.74,95%CI=0.59～0.92,P0.01];消化道出血发生率[OR=0.33,95%CI=0.18～0.60,P0.01],但EEN在降低血流感染[OR=0.80,95%CI=0.59～1.08,P=0.14]、腹泻发生率[OR=0.43,95%CI=0.17～1.06,P=0.07]及病死率[OR=0.94,95%CI=0.84～1.06,P=0.3]方面并未显示明显优势,合并效应无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ICU患者行EEN对其血流感染、腹泻发生率及病死率无明显影响,其肺部感染及消化道出血发生率降低。     

氟哌啶醇预防危重症患者谵妄发生的Meta分析

目的系统评价氟哌啶醇预防危重患者发生谵妄的疗效和安全性。 方法计算机检索Medline、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、维普数据库、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库数据库从建库至2018年9月的关于氟哌啶醇预防危重症患者谵妄疗效的随机对照试验（RCT）。由2位研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。 结果共纳入4个RCT,2 455例患者。Meta分析结果显示,试验组与对照组危重症患者间28 d谵妄发病率[相对危险度（RR） = 0.96,95%置信区间（CI）（0.65,1.43）,Z = 0.19,P = 0.85]、28 d无谵妄及无昏迷时间[均数差（MD） = 0.05,95%CI（-0.06,0.15）,Z = 0.88,P = 0.38]、28 d存活率[RR = 1.00,95%CI（0.97,1.04）,Z = 0.23,P = 0.82]、ICU住院时间[MD = -0.18,95%CI（-2.00,1.64）,Z = 0.20,P = 0.84]的比较,差异均无统计学意义。且在严重不良反应方面,两组患者间QTc间期延长[RR = 1.18,95%CI（0.83,1.67）,Z = 0.92,P = 0.36]、锥体外系症状[RR = 1.07,95%CI（0.69,1.67）,Z = 0.31,P = 0.76]、过度镇静[RR = 1.90,95%CI（0.77,4.66）,Z = 1.40,P = 0.16]发生的比较,差异也均无统计学意义。 结论氟哌啶醇不能预防危重症患者谵妄的发生,且对预后也没有明显改善作用。     

俯卧位通气对静脉-静脉体外膜肺氧合支持的急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者病死率影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价俯卧位通气对静脉-静脉体外膜肺氧合（VV-ECMO）支持的急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）患者病死率的影响。 方法计算机检索Medline、荷兰医学文摘Embase、Cochrane临床试验数据库、万方数据库及中国知网数据库从2002年1月至2022年1月关于VV-ECMO支持ARDS期间使用俯卧位通气的随机对照研究或观察性研究。试验组为俯卧位通气患者,对照组为仰卧位通气患者。由2名研究人员独立进行筛选文献、提取文献资料及评估方法学质量后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果最终纳入14项研究,共计1 880例患者,其中试验组869例,对照组1 011例。Meta分析显示,与对照组比较,试验组VV-ECMO支持的ARDS患者的28 d病死率[相对危险度（RR）=0.59,95%置信区间（CI）（0.43,0.80）,Z = 3.41,P = 0.000 7]及住院病死率[RR = 0.73,95%CI（0.66,0.81）,Z = 5.86,P < 0.000 01]均显著降低;但两组患者间其他病死率（30 d、60 d、90 d、ICU、6个月病死率）的比较,差异无统计学意义[RR = 0.80,95%CI（0.61,1.05）,Z = 1.60,P = 0.11]。 结论俯卧位通气能够降低VV-ECMO支持的ARDS患者28 d病死率以及住院病死率。     

体外膜肺氧合治疗脓毒症患者生存预后的Meta分析

目的系统评价体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）对脓毒症患者生存率的影响。 方法计算机检索知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase等数据库2011年1月至2020年7月期间公开发表的关于ECMO治疗脓毒症患者的相关研究。由2名研究人员独立进行文献筛选、数据提取及质量评估,并采用Stata 15.0软件进行单臂研究的Meta分析。 结果共纳入13篇研究,合计660例患者。Meta分析结果示,ECMO治疗[相对危险度（RR） = 0.32,95%置信区间（CI）（0.22,0.42）,Z = 9.841,P < 0.001]、静脉-动脉ECMO（VA-ECMO）治疗[RR = 0.29,95%CI（0.17,0.42）,Z = 7.100,P < 0.001]及静脉-静脉ECMO（VV-ECMO）治疗[RR = 0.53,95%CI（0.40,0.66）,Z = 14.950,P < 0.001]均可明显提高脓毒症患者的出院生存率。且对于脓毒性休克患者的出院生存率[RR = 0.33,95%CI（0.19,0.46）,Z = 4.686,P < 0.001]、肺部感染导致脓毒症患者的出院生存率[RR = 0.22,95%CI（0.13,0.32）,Z = 7.140,P < 0.001]、年龄> 60岁脓毒症患者的出院生存率[RR = 0.06,95%CI（0.00,0.15）,Z = 2.108,P = 0.011]及脓毒症患者的长期生存率[RR = 0.82,95%CI（0.70,0.94）,Z = 13.410,P < 0.001],ECMO治疗后均显著提高。 结论ECMO治疗能改善脓毒症患者的生存预后。     

危重神经系统疾病患者肠内营养与胃内营养对预后影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价肠内营养和胃内营养对危重神经系统疾病患者预后的影响。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、万方数据库、中国期刊全文数据库,纳入以肠内营养和胃内营养对危重神经系统疾病患者预后影响的随机对照研究。按Cochrane系统评价方法,由2位评价员根据纳入研究标准独立对数据进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7项研究,总样本量为619例,肠内营养组310例,胃内营养组309例。Meta分析显示,肠内营养组能的吸入性肺炎发生率[RR=0.59,95%CI(0.43,0.81)]及呕吐发生率[RR=0.43,95%CI(0.24,0.80)]明显低于胃内营养组患者,而两组患者的每日获得的能量[WMD=0.55,95%CI(-0.19,1.29)],腹泻[RR=1.01,95%CI(0.69,1.48)]、消化道出血的发生率[RR=0.95,95%CI(0.45,2.06)]、ICU住院时间[WMD=-1.15,95%CI(-4.37,2.07)]及病死率[RR=0.99,95%CI(0.73,1.36)]的比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论肠内营养可降低危重神经系统疾病患者吸入性肺炎及呕吐发生率,但尚需要大样本高质量的循证医学证据。     

钬激光治疗前列腺增生症的系统评价

目的系统评价钬激光治疗前列腺增生症的有效性和安全性。方法电子检索MEDLINE(1966～2004年)、EMBASE(1984～2004年)、Cochrane图书馆(2004年第4期)和截至2004年底的中文学术期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库和中文生物医学期刊数据库,并手检相关杂志。纳入钬激光治疗与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)的随机对照试验,对纳入研究的质量进行评价,并进行Meta分析。结果有4个RCT符合纳入标准,共计治疗前列腺增生症480例患者。Meta分析结果显示,钬激光治疗组与TURP组相比,在随访12个月和48个月时,两组在生活质量评分改善[分别为WMD=-0.19,95%CI(-0.81,0.44),Z=0.59,P=0.56和WMD=-0.30,95%CI(-0.90,0.30),Z=0.98,P=0.33]、最大尿流率的改善[分别为WMD=1.63ml/s,95%CI(-0.32,3.59),Z=1.64,P=0.10和WMD=3.80ml/s,95%CI(-1.36,8.96),Z=1.44,P=0.15]、国际前列腺症状评分或美国泌尿外科协会前列腺症状评分[分别为WMD=-0.06,95%CI(-1.01,0.89),Z=0.12,P=0.91和WMD=-1.40,95%CI(-3.91,1.11),Z=1.09,P=0.27]及两组尿道狭窄发生率[RR=0.75,95%CI(0.35,1.60),Z=0.74,P=0.46]方面,其差异均无统计学意义,但钬激光治疗缩短了患者住院时间[TotalWMD=-24.89,95%CI(-28.56,-21.21),Z=13.27,P<0.000     

LCZ696治疗心力衰竭有效性与安全性meta分析

目的 通过检索国内外有关LCZ696（沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠）治疗心力衰竭的RCTs,评价LCZ696治疗心力衰竭的有效性与安全性。方法 通过Cochrane library、Pubmed、Web of science、CNKI、VIP、万方数据库检索有关LCZ696治疗心力衰竭的文献,根据纳入排除标准进行文献筛选,采用Cochrane干预措施系统评价手册5.1.0版中的偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究进行质量评价,所有结局指标均使用RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果 共选入6篇RCTs研究,共计14 967例患者被纳入,合并结局指标结果显示,与依那普利和缬沙坦比较,LCZ696治疗后左心室容积指数（LAVI）［WMD=-2.18,95%CI（-3.63,-0.74）,P=0.003］、舒张早期二尖瓣最大充盈速度与舒张早期二尖瓣环最大速度比值（E/e'）［WMD=-1.01,95%CI（-1.89,-0.12）,P=0.03］、病死率［RR=0.89,95%CI（0.83,0.96）,P=0.003］、因心力衰竭再住院率［RR=0.83,95%CI（0.78,0.88）,P<0.01］下降更明显,而生活质量评分［WMD=1.32,95%CI（0.69,1.95）,P<0.01］、症状性低血压发生率［RR=1.46,95%CI（1.34,1.60）,P<0.01］升高更为明显。结论 LCZ696可以明显降低心力衰竭患者的病死率和再住院率,且不增加肾功能损伤、血管性水肿、高血钾不良事件风险。     

右美托咪定对脓毒症患者预后的影响:系统文献回顾与Meta分析

目的:评价右美托咪定对脓毒症患者预后的影响。方法:通过计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网和万方生物医学期刊全文数据库,收集自建库至2017年6月所有应用右美托咪定镇静治疗脓毒症患者的随机对照临床试验(RCT)和队列研究。治疗组采用右美托咪定镇静治疗,对照组采用除右美托咪定外其他镇静药物;无发表日期和语言限制;主要结局为病死率,包括ICU病死率以及28 d病死率,其他指标包括ICU住院时间、心动过缓发生率以及炎症指标变化情况。采用RevMan 5.3和STATA 14.0软件进行系统评价和Meta分析,绘制漏斗图分析纳入文献发表偏倚情况。结果:共纳入10项研究、713例患者,治疗组347例,对照组366例;2项RCT,8项队列研究。Meta分析结果显示,右美托咪定可以降低脓毒症患者28 d病死率[相对危险度(RR)=0.57,95%可信区间(95%CI)0.40～0.81,P=0.002],并降低脓毒症患者血液中炎症指标水平[TNF-α:加权均数差(WMD)=-4.60,95%CI:-7.64～-1.55,P=0.003;IL-6:WMD=-122.12,95%CI:-236.5～-7.75,P=0.04]。但不能缩短ICU住院时间(WMD=-0.23,95%CI:-1.61～1.15,P=0.75),且发生心动过缓的概率更大(RR=2.74,95%CI:1.20～6.26,P=0.02),漏斗图显示各研究间病死率不存在发表偏倚。结论:右美托咪定可以降低脓毒症患者28 d病死率,改善炎症反应,但不能改善ICU住院时间。     

Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: a systematic review of the evidence

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between glutamine supplementation and hospital length of stay, complication rates, and mortality in patients undergoing surgery and experiencing critical illness. DATA SOURCES: Computerized search of electronic databases and search of personal files, abstract proceedings, relevant journals, and review of reference lists. STUDY SELECTION: We reviewed 550 titles, abstracts, and articles. Primary studies were included if they were randomized trials of critically ill or surgical patients that evaluated the effect of glutamine vs. standard care on clinical outcomes.DATA EXTRACTION We abstracted relevant data on the methodology and outcomes of primary studies in duplicate, independently.DATA SYNTHESIS There were 14 randomized trials comparing the use of glutamine supplementation in surgical and critically ill patients. When the results of these trials were aggregated, with respect to mortality, glutamine supplementation was associated with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-1.04). Glutamine supplementation was also associated with a lower rate of infectious complications (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64-1.00) and a shorter hospital stay (-2.6 days; 95% CI, -4.5 to -0.7). We examined several -specified subgroups. Although there were no statistically significant subgroup differences detected, there were some important trends. With respect to mortality, the treatment benefit was observed in studies of parenteral glutamine (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-0.99) and high-dose glutamine (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53-1.00) compared with studies of enteral glutamine (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.57-2.01) and low-dose glutamine (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.52-2.00). With respect to hospital length of stay, all of the treatment benefit was observed in surgical patients (-3.5 days; 95% CI, -5.3 to -1.7) compared with critically ill patients (0.9 days; 95% CI, -4.9 to 6.8). CONCLUSION: In surgical patients, glutamine supplementation may be associated with a reduction in infectious complication rates and shorter hospital stay without any adverse effect on mortality. In critically ill patients, glutamine supplementation may be associated with a reduction in complication and mortality rates. The greatest benefit was observed in patients receiving high-dose, parenteral glutamine.     

The effect of glutamine therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Introduction

Glutamine supplementation is supposed to reduce mortality and nosocomial infections in critically ill patients. However, the recently published reducing deaths due to oxidative stress (REDOX) trials did not provide evidence supporting this. This study investigated the impact of glutamine-supplemented nutrition on the outcomes of critically ill patients using a meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched for and gathered data from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Elsevier, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases reporting the effects of glutamine supplementation on outcomes in critically ill patients. We produced subgroup analyses of the trials according to specific patient populations, modes of nutrition and glutamine dosages.

Results

Among 823 related articles, eighteen Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) met all inclusion criteria. Mortality events among 3,383 patients were reported in 17 RCTs. Mortality showed no significant difference between glutamine group and control group. In the high dosage subgroup (above 0.5 g/kg/d), the mortality rate in the glutamine group was significantly higher than that of the control group (relative risk (RR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02 to 1.38; P = 0.03). In 15 trials, which included a total of 2,862 patients, glutamine supplementation reportedly affected the incidence of nosocomial infections in the critically ill patients observed. The incidence of nosocomial infections in the glutamine group was significantly lower than that of the control group (RR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.97; P = 0.02). In the surgical ICU subgroup, glutamine supplementation statistically reduced the rate of nosocomial infections (RR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.94; P = 0.04). In the parental nutrition subgroup, glutamine supplementation statistically reduced the rate of nosocomial infections (RR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.98; P = 0.03). The length of hospital stay was reported in 14 trials, in which a total of 2,777 patients were enrolled; however, the patient length of stay was not affected by glutamine supplementation.

Conclusions

Glutamine supplementation conferred no overall mortality and length of hospital stay benefit in critically ill patients. However, this therapy reduced nosocomial infections among critically ill patients, which differed according to patient populations, modes of nutrition and glutamine dosages.     

Parenteral glutamine supplementation in critical illness: a systematic review

Introduction

The potential benefit of parenteral glutamine (GLN) supplementation has been one of the most commonly studied nutritional interventions in the critical care setting. The aim of this systematic review was to incorporate recent trials of traditional parenteral GLN supplementation in critical illness with previously existing data.

Methods

All randomized controlled trials of parenterally administered GLN in critically ill patients conducted from 1997 to 2013 were identified. Studies of enteral GLN only or combined enteral/parenteral GLN were excluded. Methodological quality of studies was scored and data was abstracted by independent reviewers.

Results

A total of 26 studies involving 2,484 patients examining only parenteral GLN supplementation of nutrition support were identified in ICU patients. Parenteral GLN supplementation was associated with a trend towards a reduction of overall mortality (relative risk (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75, 1.03, P = 0.10) and a significant reduction in hospital mortality (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51, 0.90, P = 0.008). In addition, parenteral GLN was associated with a strong trend towards a reduction in infectious complications (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73, 1.02, P = 0.09) and ICU length of stay (LOS) (WMD –1.91, (95% CI -4.10, 0.28, P = 0.09) and significant reduction in hospital LOS (WMD -2.56, 95% CI -4.71, -0.42, P = 0.02). In the subset of studies examining patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN), parenteral GLN supplementation was associated with a trend towards reduced overall mortality (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71, 1.01, P = 0.07).

Conclusions

Parenteral GLN supplementation given in conjunction with nutrition support continues to be associated with a significant reduction in hospital mortality and hospital LOS. Parenteral GLN supplementation as a component of nutrition support should continue to be considered to improve outcomes in critically ill patients.     

Small bowel feeding and risk of pneumonia in adult critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Introduction

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of small bowel feeding compared with gastric feeding on the frequency of pneumonia and other patient-important outcomes in critically ill patients.

Methods

We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov and personal files from 1980 to Dec 2012, and conferences and proceedings from 1993 to Dec 2012 for randomized trials of adult critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) comparing small bowel feeding to gastric feeding, and evaluating risk of pneumonia, mortality, length of ICU stay, achievement of caloric requirements, duration of mechanical ventilation, vomiting, and aspiration. Independently, in duplicate, we abstracted trial characteristics, outcomes and risk of bias.

Results

We included 19 trials with 1394 patients. Small bowel feeding compared to gastric feeding was associated with reduced risk of pneumonia (risk ratio [RR] 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55, 0.90; P = 0.004; I² = 0%) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.53, 0.89; P = 0.005; I² = 0%), with no difference in mortality (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.90, 1.29; P = 0.43; I² = 0%), length of ICU stay (WMD -0.57; 95%CI -1.79, 0.66; P = 0.37; I² = 0%), duration of mechanical ventilation (WMD -1.01; 95%CI -3.37, 1.35; P = 0.40; I² = 17%), gastrointestinal bleeding (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.56, 1.42; P = 0.64; I² = 0%), aspiration (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.52, 1.65; P = 0.79; I² = 0%), and vomiting (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.53, 1.54; P = 0.72; I² = 57%). The overall quality of evidence was low for pneumonia outcome.

Conclusions

Small bowel feeding, in comparison with gastric feeding, reduces the risk of pneumonia in critically ill patients without affecting mortality, length of ICU stay or duration of mechanical ventilation. These observations are limited by variation in pneumonia definition, imprecision, risk of bias and small sample size of individual trials.     

Enteral glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionGlutamine (GLN) has been suggested to have a beneficial influence on outcomes of critically ill patients. However, recent large-scale trials have suggested harm associated with GLN supplementation. Recently, systematic reviews on the use of parenteral GLN have been published; however, less information is available on the role of enteral GLN. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to study the effects of enteral GLN supplementation in patients with critical illness.MethodsWe identified randomized controlled trials conducted from 1980 to 2014 with enterally administered GLN in adult critically ill patients. Studies of parenteral GLN only or combined enteral-parenteral GLN were excluded. The methodological quality of studies was scored, and trial data were statistically combined. We examined a priori the treatment effects in subgroups of trials of burn and trauma patients.ResultsA total of 11 studies involving 1079 adult critically ill patients and enteral GLN supplementation were identified. Enteral GLN supplementation was not associated with a reduction of hospital mortality (risk ratio [RR] 0.94, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.65–1.36; p =0.74), infectious complications (RR 0.93, 95 % CI 0.79–1.10; p =0.39) or stay in the intensive care unit (weighted mean difference [WMD] −1.36 days, 95 % CI −5.51 to 2.78; p =0.52). However, there was a significant reduction in hospital stay (WMD 4.73 days, 95 % CI −8.53 to −0.90; p =0.02). In the subset of studies of patients with burns, enteral GLN supplementation was associated with significant reductions in hospital mortality (RR 0.19, 95 % 0.06–0.67; p =0.010) and hospital stay (WMD −9.16, 95 % CI −15.06 to −3.26; p =0.002). There was no effect in trauma patients.ConclusionsEnteral GLN supplementation does not confer significant clinical benefit in critically ill patients, with the exception of reduced hospital stay. There may be a significant benefit in patients with burns, but data are sparse and larger randomized trials are warranted to confirm this effect.     

联合检测中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值和乳酸对脓毒性休克患者早期预后的评估价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值（NAR）和乳酸对脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的预测价值。 方法回顾性分析2017年10月至2019年10月南京市第一医院ICU收治的118例脓毒性休克患者的临床资料,记录所有患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数（BMI）、急性病生理学和长期健康评价（APACHE）Ⅱ评分、序贯器官衰竭估计（SOFA）评分、C反应蛋白质（CRP）、降钙素原、NAR、白细胞计数、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）、乳酸、住ICU时间、机械通气时间、行连续肾脏替代疗法（CRRT）、肺部感染、腹腔感染、泌尿系感染、血行感染和28 d死亡情况。将上述因素纳入单因素Logistic回归分析,初步筛选出相关的影响因素,再纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,得到影响脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素;采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析NAR、乳酸及两者联合对脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的预测价值,并用Z检验比较曲线下面积（AUC）。 结果经单因素Logistic回归分析,初步筛选出影响脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的9个因素,包括男性[比值比（OR）= 0.345,95%置信区间（CI）（0.603,3.357）,P = 0.004]、SOFA评分[OR = 1.183,95%CI（1.036,1.350）,P = 0.013]、NAR [OR = 2.849,95%CI（1.487,5.457）,P = 0.002]、乳酸[OR = 1.275,95%CI（1.108,1.467）,P = 0.001]、机械通气时间[OR = 0.254,95%CI（1.025,1.223）,P < 0.001]、行CRRT [OR = 4.585,95%CI（1.737,12.100）,P = 0.002]、存在肺部感染[OR = 0.282,95%CI（0.898,4.732）,P < 0.001]、存在腹腔感染[OR = 0.460,95%CI（0.392,1.989）,P = 0.002]、存在泌尿系感染[OR = 0.464,95%CI（0.201,2.195）,P < 0.001]。将上述影响因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,NAR [OR = 4.424,95%CI（1.427,13.717）,P = 0.010]、乳酸[OR = 1.267,95%CI（1.008,1.594）,P = 0.043]、机械通气时间[OR = 1.168,95%CI（1.007,1.356）,P = 0.041]、行CRRT [OR = 5.148,95%CI（1.069,24.794）,P = 0.041]是脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,NAR [AUC = 0.676,95%CI（0.572,0.780）,P = 0.001]、乳酸[AUC = 0.696,95%CI（0.592,0.800）,P < 0.001]及NAR和乳酸联合[AUC = 0.759,95%CI（0.699,0.850）,P < 0.001]均对脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡具有预测价值,且NAR和乳酸联合的AUC显著高于NAR（Z = 2.110,P = 0.035）及乳酸（Z = 1.991,P = 0.047）。 结论NAR和乳酸对脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡有一定的预测价值,且两者联合能够提高预测价值。