女性下尿路症状的尿动力学分析(附283报告)

目的 研究以下尿路症状为主诉的女性患者的尿动力学变化及其临床意义。方法女性患者．年龄6-89岁，临床表现为储尿期（刺激性）和（或）排尿期（梗阻性）症状，采用尿动力学方法检查尿流率、同步膀胱压力容积流率及肛门括约肌肌电图测定、部分同步透视下行影像尿动力学检查。结果 以排尿症状为主者86例，以储尿症状为主者197例。不稳定膀胱57例，感觉性尿急30例。神经原性膀胱尿道功能障碍32例，其中逼尿肌反射低下26例。逼尿肌反射亢进7例。逼尿肌收缩力低下26例。逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调1例。下尿路梗阻30例，其中膀胱颈梗阻6例，尿道远端狭窄11例，非神经原件逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调13例。压力性尿失禁68例，其中Ⅰ型19例，Ⅱ型12例。Ⅲ型14例，Ⅱ／Ⅲ型23例；TF常40例。结论 尿动力学检查能了解膀胱的功能状况和膀胱出口梗阻的部位，为临床治疗的选择提供了可靠的依据。     

慢性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学分析

目的探讨Ⅲ型慢性前列腺炎患者存在的下尿路症状,结合尿动力学检查分析其原因。方法对30例Ⅲ型慢性前列腺炎患者行尿动力学检查,测量其尿流率、充盈性膀胱测压、压力-流率测定、尿道括约肌肌电图同步检测、尿道测压。结果最大尿流率降低18例（60．0％）,前列腺压增高5例（16．7％）,逼尿肌过度活动11例（36．7％）,膀胱出口处梗阻9例（30％）,膀胱感觉过敏5例（16．7％）,低顺应性膀胱4例（13．3％）,逼尿肌收缩无力4例（13．3％）,逼尿肌外括约肌不同程度协同失调14例（46．7％）。结论Ⅲ型慢性前列腺炎患者出现不同程度的下尿路症状与前列腺或盆腔局部因素诱发的逼尿肌过度活动、膀胱出口梗阻和逼尿肌-外括约肌协同失调有关。认识并解除这些相关因素有助于提高慢性前列腺炎的治疗效果。     

女性排尿困难影像尿动力学评估

目的了解以排尿困难为主诉的女性患者影像尿动力学的临床意义及下尿路梗阻的鉴别诊断。方法采用影像尿动力学检查４４例患者。结果神经原性膀胱占５０％,其中逼尿肌反射低下３９％,逼尿肌反射亢进为１１％;下尿路梗阻占３６％,其中尿道远端狭窄２７％,原发膀胱颈梗阻９％;感觉性尿急３％;正常１１％。结论影像尿动力学检查能了解患者逼尿肌的功能状况,并能准确判断下尿路梗阻的解剖水平,为临床治疗的选择提供了可靠的依据。     

女性下尿路症状患者的尿动力学分析

目的　探讨女性下尿路症状原因及临床意义。　方法　 72例下尿路症状女性患者 ,年龄 8～ 86岁 ,平均 4 8岁。其中排尿困难 4 6例 ,尿失禁 14例 ,尿频 10例 ,夜间遗尿 2例。患者均行尿动力学检测。　结果　 4 6例排尿困难者膀胱容量 6 0～ 80 0ml,其中 2 0例膀胱逼尿肌收缩力为 0 ,2 6例9～ 16 0cmH2 O(1cmH2 O =0 .0 98kPa)。Linp URR图示为Ⅲ级以上梗阻者 19例。尿道静态分布阻力2 5～ 130cmH2 O。膀胱逼尿肌与尿道外括约肌协调性良好者 5例 ,协同失调者 33例。 10例尿频患者膀胱容量 97～ 4 5 0ml,2例排尿期膀胱逼尿肌收缩力为 0 ,8例 31～ 110cmH2 O。Linp URR图示显示Ⅲ级以上梗阻者 2例。 1例急迫性尿失禁者膀胱过度敏感。 6例压力性尿失禁者腹压漏尿点压力 4 4～76cmH2 O。 3例充盈性尿失禁者排尿期膀胱逼尿肌压力为 0 ,尿道静态分布阻力 32～ 4 2cmH2 O。真性尿失禁 4例尿道外括约肌压力 0～ 16cmH2 O ,平均 (8.5± 5 .7)cmH2 O。 2例遗尿患者存在不稳定性膀胱表现 ,排尿期膀胱收缩乏力。　结论　尿动力学检查对女性下尿路症状疾病诊断、治疗、预后判断具有重要指导意义。     

BPH手术前后尿动力学检查及其临床价值

目的：评价尿动力学检查在BPH诊治中的意义。方法：对80例BPH患者进行详细的手术前后尿动力学检查。结果：80例均有膀胱出口梗阻，其中41例伴有不稳定性膀胱，占52％；78例逼尿肌压力正常或增强；72例尿流率降低，8例正常；手术后3个月，76例症状消失，2例出现并发症经再次处理治愈，不稳定性膀胱24例，占30％，包括6例低顺应性膀胱(术前为低顺应性膀胱)，2例逼尿肌无力(术前为高顺应性膀胱)。与术前相比，膀胱顺应性升高，而膀胱压及尿道降落压降低。结论：本研究表明，详细的、规范的尿动力学检查，可明确BPH患者有无BOO、逼尿肌顺应性和收缩功能及尿道压力。这对于合理选择术式和提高手术疗效有重要的临床意义。     

慢性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学检查（附32例报告）

目的：总结慢性前列腺炎患者可能存在的下尿路症状,并结合尿动力学分析各类症状出现的深层次原因,方法：对32例民性前列腺炎患者的尿流率,膀胱压力容积,压力－流率,前列腺压和肌电图进行综合性回顾分析,并与慢性细菌性和非细菌性前列腺炎组的尿动力学变化作了比较。结果：40．6％的患者存在不稳定性膀胱,34．4％,的患者有逼尿肌反邮进,46．9％的患者有膀胱出口梗阻,另有68．7％的患者存在逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调,慢性细菌性和非细菌性前列腺炎组中的尿动力学差异无显著性意义。结论：慢性前列腺炎患者出现不同程度的尿频,尿急,尿等待和排尿费力等下尿路症状可能与前列腺局部充血,逼尿肌反射亢进,膀胱出口梗阻和逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调有关。认识并解除这些相关因素可能有助于提高对慢性前列腺炎的综合疗效。     

女性膀胱出口梗阻的研究进展

女性膀胱出口梗阻(FBOO)发病率尚无确切数据,有报道女性LUTS患者中FBOO者占2.7%～8.0%[1-2].根据ICS定义,FBOO是排尿期逼尿肌压力升高以及尿流率降低.FBOO可分为解剖型和功能型2大类.Goldman和Zimmern[3]将解剖型FBOO又分为外压、尿道、腔内等亚型.引起FBOO的病因包括盆腔脏器脱垂、膀胱颈瘢痕形成(通常继发于尿道和阴道前壁外科手术)、导致逼尿肌括约肌协同失诃的神经原性疾病、原发性膀胱颈梗阻(PBNC))、尿道狭窄性疾病、盆底肌肉过度活跃、功能失调性排尿等[4].     

影像尿动力检查在下尿路排尿障碍疾病诊断中的作用

目的 探讨影像尿动力检查在下尿路排尿障碍疾病中的应用价值.方法 2008年12月至2010年3月对115例下尿路排尿障碍患者行影像尿动力检查,确定排尿障碍类型,分析各类疾病的影像尿动力特点.结果 神经原性膀胱患者37例,男性25例,女性12例.其中逼尿肌无反射(DA)18例,膀胱过度活动(OAB)2例,低顺应性膀胱伴肾积水10例,逼尿肌-外括约肌协同失调7例.非神经原性排尿障碍患者59例,男性34例,女性25例;其中膀胱出口梗阻40例,DA 15例,单纯OAB 4例.膀胱扩大术后复查患者7例,男性4例,女性3例.可控回肠膀胱术后男性患者1例.输尿管再植术后男性患者1例.影像尿动力检查显示膀胱尿道功能基本正常者10例,男性6例,女性4例.结论 影像尿动力检查通过压力-流率曲线与实时影像结合分析,可为各类下尿路排尿障碍疾病提供准确的诊断及治疗依据.     

下尿路排尿功能障碍患者的影像尿动力学评估

目的:研究影像尿动力学检查在下尿路排尿功能障碍患者诊断和治疗中的价值。方法:应用影像尿动力学仪检查64例下尿路排尿功能障碍患者的排尿功能情况。结果:神经原性膀胱(Neurogenic bladder,NB)28例(43.75%),女性压力性尿失禁(Stress urinary incontinence,SUI)15例(23.43%),BPH 12例(18.75%),前列腺切除术(TURP)后排尿障碍4例(6.25%),女性排尿困难5例(7.82%)。发现膀胱输尿管反流5例,膀胱小梁或憩室25例,逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调8例,尿道远端狭窄1例。结论:影像尿动力学检查通过同时评估膀胱尿道的功能和形态,为复杂性下尿路排尿功能障碍性疾病的临床诊断和治疗提供可靠的依据。     

尿动力学联合膀胱尿道造影在女性压力性尿失禁诊断中的价值

目的探讨尿动力学检查联合排泄性膀胱尿道造影在女性压力性尿失禁诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析56例临床诊断为女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）的患者,年龄（59．2±8．2）岁,每例均行尿动力学和排泄性膀胱尿道造影检查,评估膀胱顺应性、逼尿肌稳定性、尿道压、膀胱及尿道的形态。鳍杲尿动力学检查提示最大尿流率（33．6±7．7）mL／s,残余尿（17．8±14．7）mL,膀胱顺应性正常,膀胱容量（356．3±99．3）mL,33例测得腹压漏尿点压（49．8±17．6）cmH2O,最大尿道闭合压（47．4±10．5）cmH2O,功能性尿道长度（2．6±0．6）cm。相关性分析显示病程与腹压漏尿点压高度负相关（r=-0．816,P〈0．01）。排泄性膀胱尿道造影见膀胱颈及近端尿道下移34例,膀胱尿道后角变钝或消失44例,静息期膀胱颈和近端尿道呈漏斗形7例,咳嗽时47例见造影剂从尿道溢出。结论在无影像尿动力学设备的单位,尿动力学检查和排泄性膀胱尿道造影联合应用对SUI的诊断和术前评估具有重要的价值,比单用一种方法更具有临床意义。     

女性排尿困难患者的尿动力学分析

目的 比较女性排尿困难患者的尿动力学诊断分型在不同年龄组的差别.方法 1997年3月至2008年7月,门诊以排尿困难为主诉的女性患者616例,无神经系统病史和下尿路手术史,行膀胱压力-流率测定及自由尿流率检查,按3个年龄组统计诊断分型.结果 在>18且≤40岁、>40且≤60岁及60岁以上3个年龄组中,膀胱出口梗阻的比例均较高,分别为54.8% 、59.1% 和45.0% .逼尿肌过度活动、逼尿肌肌力弱、正常三项尿动力学检查结果 在3组间无显著性差异,而膀胱出口梗阻、逼尿肌无反射两项分布有显著性差异.将>18且≤加岁组与>40且≤60岁组合并形成的中青年组与60岁以上的老年组比较,膀胱出口梗阻、逼尿肌无反射、逼尿肌肌力弱三项有显著性差异,膀胱出口梗阻在两组的比例为57.3% 和45.0% ,逼尿肌无反射在两组的比例为15.6% 和23.9% ,逼尿肌肌力弱在两组的比例为17.4% 和25.0% .在逼尿肌肌力弱患者中,存在膀胱感觉减退的比例在老年组中明显升高.结论 女性排尿困难患者的尿动力学诊断中,膀胱出121梗阻的比例最高,其比例在老年患者中有所下降,而逼尿肌无反射和逼尿肌肌力弱的比例在老年患者中增高.     

Clinical manifestation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I-associated myelopathy and vesicopathy

Patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM) sometimes have accompanying voiding disturbances. We performed clinical surveys and urodynamic examinations on 25 untreated patients with HAM. Although 4 cases (16%) were entirely aware of urinary symptoms, the onset of urinary symptoms preceded other pyramidal symptoms in 6 cases (24%). All cases suffered from dysuria. The cause of dysuria was thought mainly to be detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia, but in some cases an underactive detrusor and poor opening of the bladder neck at voiding were also the causes of dysuria. There was a tendency for urinary dysfunction to become worse as the primary disease progresses. Patients with HAM must be carefully followed up by urologists in order to prevent deterioration of the urinary tract.     

Urological manifestations of chronic schistosomal myeloradiculopathy

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and urodynamic features of patients with chronic voiding dysfunction secondary to schistosomal myeloradiculopathy (SM), as the clinical involvement of the spinal cord is a well recognized complication of Schistosomiasis mansoni infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records and urodynamic studies of 26 consecutive patients (17 males and nine females, aged 8-58 years) with chronic neurological and urinary symptoms secondary to SM. The voiding function history, radiological and urodynamic findings and therapeutic approaches were reviewed. Patients with and without upper urinary tract complications were compared in terms of age, duration of voiding dysfunction and urodynamic pattern. RESULTS: The most common urinary symptoms were difficulty in emptying the bladder (17 patients, 65%), urinary incontinence (14, 54%), and urgency and frequency (13, 50%). Laboratory and radiographic evaluation showed urinary tract infection in eight (30%) patients, bilateral hydronephrosis in five (19%) and bladder calculi in five (19%). Urodynamics showed detrusor overactivity with detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) in 14 patients (54%), detrusor arreflexia in six (23%), detrusor overactivity with no dyssynergia in four (15%), and detrusor underactivity in two (8%). Comparing patients with and without upper tract complications showed no differences in age and duration of urinary symptoms, but there was a significant association of detrusor overactivity with DESD and upper urinary tract complications (P = 0.04). Urological management consisted of antibiotics, clean intermittent catheterization, anticholinergic medication and stone removal, as appropriate. Conservative treatment failed in three patients and they required an injection with botulinum-A toxin into the detrusor (two) or ileocystoplasty (one). CONCLUSION: Patients with chronic SM behave clinically like those with other causes of spinal cord disease and neurogenic bladder dysfunction requiring lifelong surveillance. The severity of illness in these patients should re-emphasize the need for early recognition and treatment of this condition, to prevent or reverse the neurological deficits.     

Urodynamic effects of α1-blocker tamsulosin on voiding dysfunction in patients with neurogenic bladder

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic role of alpha-blockers in the treatment of voiding disorders due to benign prostatic hyperplasia has been extensively examined. To investigate a possible effect of alpha1-blocker on urodynamic voiding parameters in patients with neurogenic bladder, we conducted a clinical trial using tamsulosin. METHODS: Twenty-four patients (14 men and 10 women) ranging from 24 to 82 years of age (mean age 61 years) with neurogenic bladder were analyzed. Urodynamic studies were performed before and after treatment with 0.4 mg tamsulosin daily for 4 weeks. RESULTS: On uroflowmetry, the average flow rate (from 4.6 +/- 3.3 to 6.7 +/- 3.0 mL/s, P = 0.04), maximum flow rate (from 9.4 +/- 6.8 to 14.1 +/- 7.0 mL/s, P = 0.016) and residual urine rate (from 46 +/- 29 to 32 +/- 21%, P = 0.02) improved significantly. In patients with detrusor contraction during voiding, detrusor opening pressure and detrusor pressure at maximum flow decreased significantly from 69.0 +/- 36.2 to 49.2 +/- 26.4 cmH2O (P = 0.046) and from 66.7 +/- 34.6 to 53.6 +/- 26.5 cmH2O (P = 0.007), respectively. On the other hand, in patients with detrusor areflexia, vesical opening pressure (from 78.2 +/- 23.4 to 61.6 +/- 25.2 cmH2O), or vesical pressure at maximum flow (from 68.6 +/- 23.2 to 62.9 +/- 25.2 cmH2O) did not change significantly after treatment. CONCLUSION: Tamsulosin reduces functional urethral resistance during voiding and improves flow rate in patients with neurogenic bladder. It has more beneficial urodynamic effects in patients with detrusor contraction during voiding than in patients with detrusor areflexia.     

Detrusor Biopsy as a Potential Clinical Tool

Previous published work suggests that electron microscopic findings in bladder biopsies correlate with urodynamic diagnoses of bladder dysfunction in geriatric patients. Our goal was to determine the reproducibility of this previous work and to evaluate the use of detrusor biopsy as a clinical tool in the diagnosis and management in a urogynecology referral population. All patients underwent an initial evaluation, including history, physical examination and urodynamics. Urodynamic evaluation included uroflowmetry, provocative cystometry, instrumented voiding study, urethral profilometry, pressure–flow studies, and evaluation of postvoid residual urine. A cystoscopic-guided detrusor muscle biopsy was obtained from all patients. Each patient was assigned one of four urodynamic diagnoses: detrusor overactivity, obstructed voiding, both overactivity and obstruction, or neither. Each was given a subgroup of normal or ineffective contractility. All detrusor biopsies were evaluated by electron microscopy. Each biopsy was assigned one of four pathologic diagnoses: dysjunction, hypertrophy, both dysjunction and hypertrophy, or neither. Each was given a subgroup of the presence or absence of degeneration. All diagnoses were assigned in a double-blind fashion. All urodynamic and pathologic diagnoses were then compared to determine the percentage agreement. Twenty-six women participated, mean age 52.7 years, range 29–77. Overall agreement among diagnoses was 30% (95% CI 11%–50%). Comparison of each category revealed the following percentage agreements: detrusor overactivity/dysjunction, 52% (95% CI 32%–73%); obstructed voiding/hypertrophy, 78% (95% CI 61%–95%); ineffective contractility/degeneration, 65% (95% CI 45%–85%). The use of detrusor biopsy as a clinical tool was not supported in this population, as demonstrated by the low percentage agreement between urodynamic and pathologic diagnoses. The etiology of bladder dysfunction should be investigated by looking beyond organ-specific structural changes.     

DETRUSOR INSTABILITY IN MEN: CORRELATION OF LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS WITH URODYNAMIC FINDINGS

PURPOSE: We evaluated the correlation of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of detrusor instability with urodynamic findings in men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enrolled in our prospective study were 160 consecutive neurologically intact men referred for urodynamic evaluation of persistent lower urinary tract symptoms. All patients had storage symptoms suggestive of detrusor instability. Patients were further clinically categorized according to the chief complaint of urge incontinence, frequency and urgency, nocturia or difficult voiding. The clinical and urodynamic diagnosis in all patients as well as specific urodynamic characteristics of those with detrusor instability were analyzed according to the these 4 clinical categories. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 61 +/- 15 years. The chief complaint was urge incontinence in 28 cases (17%), frequency and urgency in 57 (36%), nocturia in 30 (19%) and difficult voiding in 45 (28%). Detrusor instability was diagnosed in 68 cases (43%). A higher incidence of detrusor instability was associated with urge incontinence than with the other clinical categories (75% versus 36%, p <0.01). Of the patients 109 (68%) had bladder outlet obstruction, including 50 (46%) with concomitant detrusor instability. The prevalence of bladder outlet obstruction was similar in all patients regardless of the chief complaint. All other urodynamic diagnoses were also similar in the 4 clinical categories. The mean bladder volume at which involuntary detrusor contractions occurred were lower in patients with urge incontinence and frequency and urgency than in those with nocturia and difficult voiding (277.1 +/- 149.4 and 267.7 +/- 221.7 versus 346.7 +/- 204.6 and 306.2 +/- 192.1 ml., respectively, not statistically significant, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Detrusor instability and bladder outlet obstruction are common in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. The symptom of urge incontinence strongly correlated with detrusor instability. Other lower urinary tract symptoms did not correlate well with any urodynamic findings. Therefore, we believe that an accurate urodynamic diagnosis may enable focused and more efficient management of lower urinary tract symptoms in men.     

Relationships between micturition urgency and involuntary voiding dynamics in men with urinary incontinence from idiopathic detrusor overactivity

PURPOSE: In men with urinary incontinence from idiopathic detrusor overactivity we determined whether bladder voiding dynamics differs between those with and without urgent micturition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed urodynamic findings in 3 groups of 22 men each. Groups 1 and 2 had idiopathic detrusor overactivity with detrusor overactivity incontinence and with micturition urgency in group 1. Group 2 showed no urgency but felt a strong voiding desire just after the onset of involuntary micturition. Control group 3 included nonneurological unobstructed men undergoing urodynamic examination for mixed reasons who proved to be urodynamically normal. Patients with detrusor overactivity and controls were assessed by nonparametric statistics for significant differences in bladder voiding dynamics. RESULTS: Detrusor contraction strength proved to be increased in groups 1 and 2 with the highest levels in group 1. Detrusor contraction velocity had the highest levels in group 1 and it differed insignificantly in groups 2 and 3. Voiding contractions were equally well sustained in groups 1 and 3, and proved to be less well sustained in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Detrusor overactivity involves enhanced detrusor contraction strength levels, particularly in patients who feel urgency. In urgency-free patients with detrusor overactivity detrusor contraction velocity differs insignificantly from that in controls and voiding detrusor contractions proved to be less well sustained than in controls and patients who experienced urgency. This suggests that detrusor contraction velocity may have a role in causing urgency and urgency may have a role in enhancing and sustaining involuntary voiding detrusor contractions in patients with detrusor overactivity.     

The effects of bladder neck incision on urodynamic abnormalities of children with posterior urethral valves

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of simultaneous bladder neck incision and valve ablation on urodynamic abnormalities in patients with posterior urethral valves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 46 patients with posterior urethral valves entered our prospective study between 1998 and 2003. Group 1 consisted of 22 patients who underwent simultaneous valve ablation and bladder neck incision at the 6 o'clock position. Group 2 consisted of 24 age matched patients with comparable prognostic factors who underwent simple valve ablation. Trends in renal function tests, urodynamics and changes in the upper urinary tracts were evaluated throughout followup. RESULTS: Mean patient age at presentation was 1.6 years in group 1 and 1.8 years in group 2. Preoperatively, all patients in both groups had hypercontractile bladders and comparable high maximum voiding detrusor pressures. At the end of followup (mean 4.5 years) no patient in group 1 had bladder hypercontractility or detrusor overactivity, and the mean maximum voiding detrusor pressure was 53 +/- 15 cm H(2)O. In comparison, 9 patients in group 2 had bladder hypercontractility, 6 had detrusor overactivity and the mean maximum voiding detrusor pressure was 87 +/- 45 cm H(2)O (p <0.01). Myogenic bladder failure developed in 5 patients in group 2. The number of patients requiring anticholinergic medication and the duration of treatment were also significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Valve ablation with bladder neck incision may result in better bladder urodynamic function in comparison to simple valve ablation. However, long-term studies with followup through puberty are required to evaluate the final effects on renal function.