交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干粉碎性骨折

目的　交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干粉碎性骨折临床观察。方法　应用小切口切开复位 ,选择性扩髓 ,交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨、胫骨干粉碎性骨折 2 6例。结果　本组 2 6例随访时间 6～ 2 4个月 ,平均 14个月 ,骨折平均愈合时间 14周。无术后感染、脂肪栓塞、断钉、骨折不愈合、畸形愈合、关节僵硬、再骨折等严重并发症发生。结论　本组股骨、胫骨干粉碎性骨折均属不稳定型骨折 ,交锁髓内钉固定疗效是确切的 ,可采用小切口切开复位并选择性扩髓 ,不主张早期负重或做动力化处理。     

带锁髓内钉微创技术治疗肱骨干骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨带锁髓内钉微创技术治疗肱骨干骨折的方法和临床疗效.方法根据X线片的影像,备好带锁髓内钉的规格,在麻醉下,施行骨折手法闭合复位或小切口切开复位,不剥离骨膜,不扩髓,将带锁髓内钉的主钉徐徐插入骨髓腔内,借助瞄准器把锁钉锁定主钉两端.结果 40例肱骨干骨折随访38例,平均随访时间8个月,骨折愈合36例,延迟愈合2例,肩、肘关节活动正常.结论带锁髓内钉微创技术治疗肱骨干骨折,方法简便,创伤小,骨折愈合率高,上肢功能恢复快.     

带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折

目的评价带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的临床效果。方法自2003-08/2006-02对41例胫骨干骨折采用带锁髓内钉固定治疗,其中闭合性骨折26例,开放性骨折15例,开放与闭合性骨折均行小切口切开复位静力性带锁髓内钉固定。41例平均随访1·2年(8~24个月)。结果骨性愈合36例,平均愈合时间6·5月,迟缓愈合5例,改为动力性固定后3个月骨性愈合,其中1例术后15个月出现近端锁定钉尾外露,拔钉后换药1周伤口愈合,骨折无感染。结论带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折创伤小,固定可靠,并发症少,是治疗胫骨干骨折有效方法之一。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉及钢板治疗胫腓下段骨折

目的探讨扩髓交锁髓内钉及钢板治疗胫腓下段骨折治疗效果。方法对67例胫腓下段骨折病人行扩髓交锁髓内钉及钢板治疗,闭合性骨折46例,开放性骨折21例。结果随访6～18个月,采用Johner-Wruh评定标准,优49例、良15例、一般3例,平均愈合13.6周,腓骨延迟愈合3例,胫骨延迟愈合9例,无深部感染。结论扩髓交锁髓内钉（国产带瞄准装置G-K钉）固定胫骨、1／3半管形钢板固定腓骨治疗胫腓骨下段骨折疗效满意。     

带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床体会

目的探讨带锁髓内钉对胫骨骨折的临床治疗效果。方法选择2008年7月～2010年7月笔者所在医院收治的胫骨骨折患者,其中32例胫骨骨折采用交锁髓内钉治疗。闭合性骨折19例,开放性骨折13例,均采用有限扩髓置入髓内钉,术中予以静力型固定,根据骨折类型、部位、术中复位难易采用切开复位还是闭合复位。结果本组病例均获得到6～30个月的随访。骨折均愈合,未出现髓内钉松动、弯曲、断裂,2例有延迟愈合迹象,6个月后予以动力化,5—8个月骨折线均闭合。结论带锁髓内钉在治疗胫骨骨折中具有创伤小、固定坚强、骨折愈合率高、能早期活动等优点,是一种有效的胫骨骨折的治疗方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折28例临床体会

目的探讨交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的方法和疗效。方法用扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折28例,均闭合复位静力内固定。结果经6个月～18个月的随访,28例骨折全部骨性愈合。结论交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折,具有创伤小,骨折愈合快,内固定应力遮挡小,术后并发症少等优点,是治疗胫骨骨折的理想方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨胫骨骨折骨不连原因探讨

目的探讨股骨、胫骨骨折交锁髓内钉内固定后发生骨不连的原因及防治方法。方法对235例使用交锁髓内钉的股骨胫骨骨折病例进行回顾性分析,手术采用闭合、小切口或有限切开复位,用三维瞄准器锁定骨折远近端。结果235例随访189例196肢,平均随访15.2个月,股骨87例发生骨不连5例;胫骨109例发生骨不连8例。骨不连与骨折部位、手术方式、解锁时间有明显关系。结论应力遮挡和局部血供障碍是静力型交锁髓内钉所致骨不连的主要原因,术中尽量闭合复位和有限切开复位内固定及适时解锁可降低骨不连的发生。     

带锁髓内钉固定治疗胫骨干骨折的术后并发症观察

[目的]探讨带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的术后并发症[方法]回顾性分析自1996年4月～2006年6月胫骨干骨折118例及26例胫骨骨不连的患者,骨折患者采用闭合复位、有限切口切开复位,带锁髓内钉静力型固定。骨不连患者采用切开复位,带锁髓内钉静力型固定并植骨。[结果]122例获得随访,随访13～29月（平均17.7个月）,24例患者出现明显的并发症,其中,骨不连10例,骨折端分离4例,膝关节疼痛3例,成角畸形3例,深部感染2例,主钉断裂1例,锁钉退出1例。[结论]锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折有较高的并发症发生率,骨折端存在明显间隙者有较高的骨不连发生率。     

带锁髓内钉内固定加自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨不连

目的研究采用带锁髓内钉固定肱骨干骨折加自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨不连的效果.方法26例肱骨干骨折患者,伤后采用切开复位钢板内固定术后发生骨不连,二次手术采用带锁髓内钉顺行静力型固定,并取自体髂骨行断端间植骨.术后早期功能锻炼.所有患者均有3次以上的随访,平均随访时间为14.6个月.结果所有病例骨不连均发生骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为12.6w.结论带锁髓内钉加自体髂骨植骨是治疗肱骨干骨不连的有效方法之一.     

扩髓交锁髓内钉固定-骨皮质钻孔-自体骨移植治疗萎缩性骨干骨不连的临床研究

目的 分析萎缩性骨干骨不连的原因,探讨采用扩髓交锁髓内钉固定-骨皮质钻孔-自体骨移植进行治疗的效果.方法 对19例长管状骨萎缩性骨干骨不连的患者,采用扩髓交锁髓内钉固定-骨皮质钻孔-自体骨移植的方法进行治疗.结果 经6～34个月的随访,骨折全部愈合,关节功能明显改善,愈合时间18周至8个月,平均22周.结论 扩髓交锁髓内钉固定-骨皮质钻孔-自体骨移植是治疗萎缩性骨干骨不连的理想方法.治疗的关键在于扩髓、合适直径交锁髓内钉、锁定、折段皮质有限微钻孔、将收集的骨泥与白体骨条复合移植.     

European Union legislation and enteral nutrition

The Commission Directive on Dietary Foods for Special Medical Purposes (1999/21/EC), which defines andcategorises the products covered, also includes guidelines on the micronutrient content and labelling requirements for enteral nutrition products. The legislation was to be implemented into national law by 1 May 2000, from which date products complying with the directive should be allowed on the market throughout the European Union. All products must comply with the directive by 1 November 2001. In order to comply with the directive, all enteral nutrition products (tube feeds, sip feeds and supplements) will need to change, even if it is only changes to the labels. This paper summarises not only the provisions and requirements of the directive but also the measures taken by Nutricia to reformulate their products to be both in line with the new legislation and with more recent scientific thinking.     

Women and tobacco in the European Union

Over the last decades, the prevalence of smoking in the European Union has followed different trends by sex. While the prevalence has declined for men, it has increased or is stable for women. In some countries where these changes took place earlier, the prevalence of smoking is now higher among women than among men. This document provides quantitative data for these trends in the European Union, with special reference to the situation in Spain. In 1995 there were 60 million men and 42 million women smokers in the European Union. Up to 48% of female smokers used light cigarettes, that is 20 million women. There are documents from the tobacco industry showing that the goal of the promotion of light cigarettes is to reassure their clients and to keep as smokers those concerned about their health who are considering the possibility of quitting. There is evidence confirming that this policy is successful, and that the misconceptions of smokers about light cigarettes deter them from quitting. There is evidence on the role of smoking in weight control. Women are more concerned than men about their weight, and for young women body image is very relevant. Young girls often have the perception that they are overweight. Although fear of being overweight is more common than actual overweight, the evidence suggests that being afraid of gaining weight plays a role in keeping women as smokers, and that young girls begin smoking taking into consideration weight issues. The advice on how to maintain weight should be included in any smoking cessation program for women. Any preventive action for teen age smokers should include weight control issues.     

Union organizing will be divisive and costly

It is time for hospital executives to face up to the practical implications of increased union organizing, says attorney K. Bruce Stickler. Get ready for special-interest negotiations, increased job protection demands, escalating wage and benefits costs, and more.