液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法分析大鼠血浆中的樟柳碱及其代谢物

目的用液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱(LC-MS^{n)联用方法鉴定大鼠血浆中的樟柳碱及其主要代谢物。方法取单剂量灌胃樟柳碱20 mg的大鼠血浆，甲醇沉淀蛋白，采用LC-MSn等方法分析血样。与空白血样及樟柳碱对照品相比较，根据血样中代谢物相对分子质量的变化及其多级质谱数据，鉴定并阐述其结构。结果在服药后的大鼠血样中发现4种代谢物， 分别为东莨菪醇、 N-去甲基东莨菪醇、 羟基化樟柳碱以及N-氧化樟柳碱。结论 该方法灵敏、快速、简便，适合于药物及其代谢物的快速鉴定。}     

莫诺苷及其代谢物在大鼠体内的尿排泄动力学

考察莫诺苷及其代谢物在大鼠体内的尿排泄动力学规律.大鼠按20mg/kg灌胃给予莫诺苷水溶液后于不同时间采集尿样,用HPLC法分析尿中莫诺苷及其代谢物的经时变化.尿液排泄药动学试验表明,莫诺苷的尿排泄t_(1/2)为1.69 h,24 h内莫诺苷及其代谢物经尿排泄完全,莫诺苷的排泄量主要集中在0～3 h,约占总排泄量的68.5%,代谢物的排泄量在6～9 h达高峰,约占总排泄量的66.5%.莫诺苷经尿液排泄的总量不足给药量的1.4%.     

大豆苷元对氨茶碱在大鼠体内药动学的影响

摘 要 目的:研究大豆苷元对氨茶碱在大鼠体内药动学的影响。方法: 采用HPLC方法测定大豆苷元和氨茶碱合并给药组与氨茶碱单独给药组茶碱在大鼠体内的血药浓度,比较两者的药动学参数。结果:①茶碱在0.2～20.0 μg·ml^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,定量下限为0.2μg·ml^-1,低中高3个浓度的绝对回收率分别为（86.7±4.2）%、（90.5±3.4）%和（92.4±4.6）%,相对回收率均大于90%,日间和日内精密度RSD分别小于8.94%、9.01%;②大豆苷元和氨茶碱合并给药组和单独给药组药动学参数分别为：半衰期（t_{1/2）为(123.63±18.23)和(133.94±11.20)min,曲线下面积（AUC(0-∞)）为(1 861.03±511.23)和(2 075.41±720.96) μg·min·ml^-1,AUC(0-8)为（1 749.71±376.68）和（1 963.34±475.84）μg·min·ml^-1,达峰浓度Cmax为(10.35±0.95)和(10.23±0.82)μg·ml^-1;③合并给药组较单独给药组的主要药动学参数峰值Cmax相似,t1/2、AUC有一定降低,但差异无统计学意义。结论:大豆苷元对氨茶碱在大鼠体内的药动学无明显影响。}     

通过式固相萃取结合UPLC-MS/MS同时检测水产品中麻醉剂及其代谢物残留

目的 建立通过式固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱串联质谱技术同时检测水产品中多种麻醉剂及其代谢物的方法。方法 样品均质后,使用80%乙腈水溶液提取,使用ProElt PLS-A通过式固相萃取柱进行通过式净化。以0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相按比例进行梯度洗脱,使用正离子模式。采用质谱多重反应监测模式,空白基质绘制标准曲线定量。结果 14种麻醉剂及其代谢物中,麻醉剂在1~50 µg·L^-1内呈现良好的线性关系,代谢物在10~500 µg·L^-1内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均>0.99,其中麻醉剂药物检出限为0.5 µg·kg^-1,代谢物检出限为5 μg·kg^-1,麻醉剂药物定量下限为1 µg·kg^-1,代谢物定量下限为10 µg·kg^-1。方法高、中、低浓度加样回收率为62.48%~116.5%,RSDs均<10%。结论 该方法操作流程简便,结果准确可靠,可用于水产品中麻醉剂及其代谢物的检测。     

大鼠体内白前苷B药物代谢动力学研究

目的 探讨白前苷B在大鼠体内的药物代谢动力学.方法 采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse Plus C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),流动相为0.2％醋酸水溶液-甲醇(梯度洗脱),流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温为25℃,进样量为1μL;以槲皮素为...     

HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中大豆苷元的浓度

目的:建立测定大鼠血浆中大豆苷元浓度的高效液相色谱法。方法:用乙酸乙酯提取血浆样品中大豆苷元,采用高效液相色谱法进行测定。色谱柱:Hypersil ODS C₁₈柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相:甲醇-0.05%磷酸溶液（60:40）,检测波长:260nm,柱温:30℃,流速:1ml·min^-1,进样量:20μl。结果:大豆苷元的线性范围为0.01～1.00μg·ml^-1（r=0.9998）;日内和日间精密度RSD均<4.1%;相对回收率97.11%～101.82%,绝对回收率>90.0%。结论:本法专属性强,灵敏度高,重复性好,适用于大豆苷元的药物动力学研究。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中的龙胆苦苷浓度

目的:建立测定人血浆中龙胆苦苷浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱法。方法:血浆加入内标咖啡因后经固相萃取处理,采用 RESCEK C_8柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)分离,流动相为甲醇-10 mmol·L~(-1)醋酸铵溶液-乙腈(50:40:10),流速为0.2mL·min~(-1)。样品在三级四极杆串联质谱中经 ESI 源离子化后以多反应离子监测方式测定。结果:龙胆苦苷在3～5000 ng·mL~(-1)线性良好(r=0.9985),检测限为3 ng·mL~(-1),回收率为94.4%～104.2%,绝对回收率为92.4%～98.0%,日内、日间变异(RSD)均≤15%,色谱峰保留时间为2.25 min。结论:方法灵敏、准确、快速、特异性强,适用于中药龙胆苦苷的血药浓度测定和临床药代动力学研究。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定比格犬血浆中淫羊藿苷元

目的:建立了测定比格犬血浆中淫羊藿苷元浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)。方法:血浆样品经酶水解,用液-液萃取法,以乙酸乙酯提取后,以乙腈-5%乙酸(70∶30)为流动相,用Zorbax C8柱分离,流速为0.6 mL.min-1,通过电喷雾离子化四极杆串联质谱,以多反应监测方式(MRM)进行检测。用于定量分析的离子分别为m/z369/313(淫羊藿苷元)和m/z331/315(麦黄酮,内标)。结果:淫羊藿苷元在比格犬血浆浓度测定方法的线性范围为2.5~250 ng.mL-1;日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于13.3%,准确度(RE)在±5.5%之内。在临床前药动学研究中,应用此法测试了比格犬口服给药后的血药浓度。结论:本方法灵敏度高、专属性强,适合于淫羊藿苷元的临床前药动学研究。     

大鼠粪样中山莨菪碱及其代谢物的串联质谱法检测

目的运用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-MSn)法检测大鼠粪样中山莨菪碱及其代谢物。方法收集灌胃山莨菪碱(25 mg.kg-1)的大鼠粪样,用水浸泡后,以乙酸乙酯萃取,采用LC-MS及LC-MSn等方法检测原药及其代谢物。根据代谢物相对分子质量的变化(ΔM)及其多级质谱数据,鉴定并阐述其结构,同时与空白粪样及山莨菪碱相比较。结果在服药后的大鼠粪样中发现山莨菪碱及其7种代谢产物,分别为6β-羟基托品、N-去甲基-6β-羟基托品、N-去甲基脱水山莨菪碱、脱水山莨菪碱、N-去甲基山莨菪碱、羟基山莨菪碱以及托品酸等。结论该方法灵敏、快速、简便、有效,适合于生物样品中的药物及其代谢产物的快速鉴定。     

Tissue distribution of 14C-diazepam and its metabolites in rats

We have kinetically investigated the tissue distribution of 14C-diazepam and described the appearance and disappearance of its metabolites (3-hydroxydiazepam, desmethyldiazepam, and oxazepam) following a single iv injection of 14C-diazepam into rats. Significant amounts of oxazepam were detected in plasma and various tissues in the rat, contrary to previous reports. Concentration-time profiles of diazepam in the main disposing organs (liver, kidney, and lung) and the other organs (brain, heart, and small intestine) indicated that diazepam was distributed rapidly to these organs. Concentration-time profiles of diazepam in the main tissues for drug distribution (skin and adipose) indicated that diazepam was slowly distributed to these tissues, whereas that in muscle, which is also responsible for drug distribution, indicated that diazepam was less rapidly distributed to this tissue. Metabolites appeared in plasma and various tissues or organs immediately after iv injection of diazepam. Metabolites levels in plasma and various tissues or organs were significantly lower than that of diazepam except for liver and small intestine, where metabolites levels were higher compared to that of diazepam and metabolites exhibited a considerable persistence.     

Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of amitraz and its metabolites in rats

Amitraz is an acaricide and insecticide widely used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Although central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is one of major toxicities following oral ingestion of amitraz, the understanding of the cause of the toxicity is limited. This study evaluated the systemic and brain exposure of amitraz and its major metabolites, BTS27271, 2′,4′-formoxylidide, and 2,4-dimethylaniline following administration of amitraz in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Significant metabolism of amitraz was observed following the intravenous and oral administration. Amitraz related metabolites were majority of the total exposure observed, especially following oral administration. BTS27271 had higher brain exposure than amitraz and its other metabolites, which was due to low plasma protein binding but high brain tissue binding of BTS27271. Since BTS27271 has similar or higher toxicity and α₂-adrenoreceptor agonist potency than amitraz, its exposure in brain tissues may be the major cause of CNS toxicity of amitraz in animals and humans.     

黄豆苷元对卡马西平及其代谢产物在大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的:研究黄豆苷元对卡马西平及其代谢产物10,11-环氧卡马西平(CBZ-E)在大鼠体内药动学的影响。方法:16只大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组大鼠连续10 d灌胃给予黄豆苷元100 mg.kg-1,对照组大鼠则灌胃给予等体积的生理盐水,两组大鼠第11天分别灌胃给予卡马西平10 mg.kg-1,于给药后不同时间点采血,采用HPLC法测定血浆中卡马西平及其代谢产物CBZ-E的浓度,计算药动学参数。结果:与对照组相比,实验组大鼠血浆中卡马西平的AUC0-24h、AUC0-∞、Cmax和t1/2显著增加(P<0.05),代谢产物CBZ-E的AUC0-24h、AUC0-∞和Cmax显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:黄豆苷元连续给药后改变了卡马西平在大鼠体内的药动学特征,可能与抑制CYP3A4的活性有关。     

Factors influencing the plasma levels of amphetamine and its metabolites in catheterized rats

Rats fitted with chronically indwelling Silastic tubing catheters in the right jugular vein were given orally a low dose (0.067 mg/kg) of d-amphetamine sulfate (A) alone or in combination with other chemicals or environmental conditions. In general, A levels increased slowly over 1 hr, peaked and declined during the 4-hr test period. Levels of metabolites (M) were already appreciable at 15 min, slowly increased to 1 hr, and remained constant over the rest of the testing period. A variety of chemicals and environmental conditions that were meant to mimic some human situations (social interaction, food, stress, alcohol, bicarbonate and ammonium chloride) selectively affected the half-lives, the areas under the time-curve, and the levels of A and M at different times during the experiment. In two cases, individual differences in A and M blood levels were found in these rats, which belong to a genetically homogenous group.     

Pharmacokinetics and distribution of schisandrol A and its major metabolites in rats

1.?Schizandrol A is an active component in schisandra, also the representative component for the identification of schisandra.

2.?A rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple–time–of–flight mass spectrometry (RRLC–QTOF/MS) was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of schizandrol A after its intragastric administration (50?mg/kg) in rats.

3.?Schizandrol A was rapidly absorbed (T _max = 2.07?h), with a longer duration (t _1/2 = 9.48?h) and larger apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F?=?111.81?l/kg) in rats. Schizandrol A can be detected in main organs and the order of its distribution was in the liver?>?kidney?>?heart?>?spleen?>?brain, particularly higher in the liver.

4.?Five schizandrol A metabolites were identified, including 2–demethyl–8(R)–hydroxyl–schizandrin, 3–demethyl–8(R)–hydroxyl–schizandrin, hydroxyl–schizandrin, demethoxy–schizandrin, 2, 3–demethyl–8(R)–hydroxyl–schizandrin, indicating that the hydroxylation and demethylation may be the major metabolic way of schizandrol A.

5.?This study defined the pharmacokinetic characteristics of schizandrol A in vivo, and the RRLC–QTOF/MS is more sensitive and less limited by conditions, and needs less samples, which may be a useful resource for the further research and development of schisandrol A.     

The plasma levels of chlormethiazole and two of its metabolites in elderly subjects after single and multiple dosing

Plasma levels of chlormethiazole and two of its metabolites have been estimated in elderly subjects both after single and repeated oral dosage and on withdrawal. A sensitive analytical method was developed to permit the quantitation of chlormethiazole and its two major metabolites in plasma. The two major metabolites were positively identified against authentic standards as 5-acetyl-4-methylthiazole and 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole. Chlormethiazole and its metabolites were shown to have accumulated to varying extents after seven nightly doses. On withdrawal of the drug, the plasma was free of chlormethiazole within 44 h and free of all traces of its metabolites within 84 h. The accumulation was not accompanied by any undue clinical effect and was not in itself considered to be detrimental to the normal use of chlormethiazole in the treatment of sleep disturbances in the elderly.     

UPLC法测定大鼠血浆中大豆苷元浓度及药动学研究

目的建立测定大鼠血浆中大豆苷元浓度的UPLC法,探讨大豆苷元在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程。方法 SD大鼠6只,ig给予30mg·kg-1大豆苷元混悬液,血浆样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶水解后,采用UPLC法测定大豆苷元浓度,并用DAS软件拟合并计算其药代动力学参数。结果大豆苷元的血药浓度在20μg·L-1～800μg·L-1范围内线性良好,提取回收率均大于85%,日间和日内RSD小于10%,符合生物样品分析要求。大鼠灌胃给药后,血浆中大豆苷元的药时曲线呈二室开放模型,主要药动学参数Tmax,Cmax,T12β,AUC(0-t),AUC(0-∞),CL,Vd分别为33.3min,355.4μg·L-1,915.7min,213.2mg·min·L-1,218.2mg·min·L-1,0.1467L·min-1·kg-1,74.4L·kg-1。结论该方法操作简便、快速、专属性强,可用于大豆苷元体内大批量样品定量分析及药代动力学研究。     

GLC determination of ticrynafen and its metabolites in urine, serum, and plasma of humans and animals

A sensitive GLC assay for ticrynafen, a diuretic agent with uricosuric properties, and its two metabolites in urine, serum, and plasma is described. The method employs methylation of carboxylic acid groups and trimethylsilyation of the hydroxyl group on one metabolite that cannot otherwise be separated readily from ticrynafen as a simple methyl ester. Urinary output and serum or plasma levels of ticrynafen and its two metabolites were measured in specimens from human volunteers receiving one 250-mg tablet.     

Validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitative determination of daidzein and its main metabolite daidzein glucuronide in rat plasma

A highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS) method was developed and validated to determine daidzein and its main metabolite daidzein glucuronide in rat plasma. The analytes and internal standard genistein were extracted from plasma samples by n-hexane-diethyl ether (1:4, v/v), and separated on a C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (80 : 20: 1, v/v/v). Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source. The method has a limit of quantification of 0.24 ng/ml. The linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.24-1000 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 13.2% in terms of % RSD. The accuracy ranged from -0.5% to 2.4% in terms of % RE (relative error). This method was successfully applied to the determination of plasma concentration of daidzein and its main metabolite daidzein glucuronide in rats after an oral administration of 20 mg/kg daidzein.     

性别差异对异补骨脂素在大鼠体内吸收和分布的影响

目的：目的研究异补骨脂素（iopsoralen,IPO）在雌雄大鼠体内药动学和组织分布特征,探讨性别差异对IPO体内吸收和分布的影响。方法：通过单次灌胃给予雌雄大鼠80 mg·kg^-1IPO溶液,采用HPLC法测定不同时间点雌雄大鼠血浆和主要脏器（肝、肾、心、脾、肺）中IPO的含量,应用DAS 2.0计算主要药动学参数、SPSS 19.0进行统计学分析。结果：血浆药动学结果发现,雌雄大鼠血浆中IPO浓度变化趋势基本一致,但雌鼠血浆中AUC显著高于雄鼠。组织分布结果发现,IPO在雌雄大鼠肝肾组织中暴露量高于其他组织,其中IPO在雌鼠肝脏中AUC_0-t为（1 439.08±84.27） mg·h·L^-1,显著高于雄鼠（1 239.55±26.25） mg·h·L^-1（P<0.05）。结论：IPO在雌雄大鼠体内进程存在显著性别差异,主要表现为雌性大鼠血浆和肝组织中暴露量显著高于雄鼠,这可能是IPO易引起雌性大鼠肝损伤的原因。