胸部数字摄影参数的最优化探索

目的探索胸部X线数字化摄影优化条件。方法应用柯尼卡Regins350(直接数字转换器350型)CR、柯达DirectviewCR-900、柯达DirectviewDR5000;西门子-MultixX光机;胸部X线摄影质量控制体模;EBM-上海岱嘉公司PACS系统-医学图像诊断工作站软件:Unisight;Barco1K显示器,采用不同摄影条件对专用测试体模进行摄影,同时,还对12名正常成人志愿者进行胸部X线摄影试验,分别对所获60幅体模图像和人体胸部图像的质量进行分析。结果通过对采集的60幅体模图像的肺野、心脏后缘及膈下的3个点测试表明获得最佳空间分辨率的摄影参数,对于柯尼卡Regins350为10mAs、109kV和20mAs、99kV,柯达CR-900和柯达DR5000均为10mAs、109kV和20mAs、109kV。结论DR图像显示胸部结构的清晰度和信息量均明显优于CR图像,胸部数字化摄影的最优化摄影条件为90kV～110kV,10mAs～(20±5)mAs。     

小儿胸部CRX线摄影优化剂量探讨

小儿处在成长发育期, 在X 线摄影中射线的防护对其更为重要。数字化摄影CR、DR 较过去的屏-片系统, 曝光宽容度增大; 数字化摄影的应用, 对儿科呼吸系统摄影有明显的改善, 既降低了辐射剂量, 又提高了阳性诊断率。如何选择在图像满足临床诊断前提下, 最大程度地降低小儿辐射剂量已成为关注热点。本研究通过设置不同摄影条件进行婴幼儿胸部CR 摄影, 寻找符合临床诊断要求的最佳剂量, 以达到减低儿童辐射剂量的目的。     

小儿胸部CRX线摄影优化剂量探讨

小儿处在成长发育期,在X线摄影中射线的防护对其更为重要.数字化摄影CR、DR较过去的屏一片系统,曝光宽容度增大[1];数字化摄影的应用,对儿科呼吸系统摄影有明显的改善[2],既降低了辐射剂量,又提高了阳性诊断率.如何选择在图像满足临床诊断前提下,最大程度地降低小儿辐射剂量已成为关注热点.本研究通过设置不同摄影条件进行婴幼儿胸部CR摄影,寻找符合临床诊断要求的最佳剂量,以达到减低儿童辐射剂量的目的.     

小儿胸部CRX线摄影优化剂量探讨

小儿处在成长发育期,在X线摄影中射线的防护对其更为重要.数字化摄影CR、DR较过去的屏一片系统,曝光宽容度增大[1];数字化摄影的应用,对儿科呼吸系统摄影有明显的改善[2],既降低了辐射剂量,又提高了阳性诊断率.如何选择在图像满足临床诊断前提下,最大程度地降低小儿辐射剂量已成为关注热点.本研究通过设置不同摄影条件进行婴幼儿胸部CR摄影,寻找符合临床诊断要求的最佳剂量,以达到减低儿童辐射剂量的目的.     

CR系统在胸部体层摄影中的应用

我们将CR（Computed Radiography）强大的后处理功能应用于胸部体层摄影（tomography）中，得到了具有良好空间分辨率，较过去模拟摄影清晰度明显提高的二维体层图像．提高了对胸部病变的诊断准确率，为临床提供了更加丰富的信息资料，现总结如下。     

计算机X线摄影（CR）在新生儿胸部床旁片中的应用及注意事项

目的：探讨计算机X线摄影（CR）在新生儿胸部床旁摄影中的临床应用价值，通过注意事项提高拍片质量。方法：选取200份新生儿胸部床旁CR片，利用曝光条件的宽容度，设置最佳参数，综合运用计算机后处理和空间处理技术等，对影像细节进行调节，并与传统X线拍片进行比较。结果：CR片对比度佳，层次清晰度高，摄影失真度小，废片率为1％，普通片为90，4。结论：CR在新生儿胸部床旁摄影技术，以其高清晰度的图像质量，有效地实现了X线平片的数字化。但考虑到新生儿有其特殊性，在操作CR的过程中，要重视一些注意事项，从而提高质量。     

床边小儿胸部CR摄影中S数与L值的探讨

随着临床诊断的需要，床边小儿胸部CR摄影已成为急症床边摄影中的一部分。床边摄影故名床头摄片，无任何防护措施，特别对小儿胸部摄影中的防护显得更为重要，为了找出适宜的曝光条件，以较小的照射剂量，获得良好的影像效果，故对床边小儿胸部CR摄影中的后处理参数：相对感度S(Sensitivity)数；照片宽度L(Latitude)值进行探讨。     

应用CR系统提高胸部摄影技术

计算机摄影术(Computed Rediongraphy．CR)的出现．使传统放射技术发生了很大变化，CR摄影是将透过人体X线影像信息记录于影像板(image plate．IP)上，而不是记录在胶片上，记录在IP板上影像经过读取、处理和显示步骤，显示出数字化图像。本文通过临床胸部平片及床边胸部     

非常规摄影在CR中的应用研究

目的:研究CR系统中非常规摄影的应用价值。材料和方法:用非常规摄影方式对急诊、ICU及新生儿等患者进行CR检查,其中,急诊患者(胸部、头颅、脊柱、骨盆、四肢及大关节骨折等)共124例,ICU患者(胸部等)35例,新生儿患者(胸部、腹部等)21例,均采用非常规摄影体位(如半卧位、坐位、仰卧位和倒立正位等)和摄影条件。结果:CR非常规摄影病例共180例,首次摄影成功168例,成功率93.3%,失败12例,占6.7%,影像质量以乙级片的比例最大,甲级片比例其次。结论:CR非常规摄影方式也可取得较满意的临床效果。     

CR床边胸部摄影吸收剂量的相关性研究

目的：评价CR床边胸部摄影对于患者的吸收剂量。方法：68例胸部X线摄影分别采用CR病房床边胸部摄影和DR在影像科进行胸部摄影两种不同的方式拍摄。CR床边胸部摄影采用68~76kVp进行前后位摄影。DR胸部摄影采用110~140kVp后前位进行摄影。用统计学方法对其X线吸收剂量进行评价。结果：在吸收剂量方面几种方法各不相同,CR床边胸部摄影与DR胸部摄影患者的随机吸收剂量无统计学差异。CR床边胸部摄影被检者与其邻近患者之间其吸收剂量有显著性差异。结论：DR胸部摄影患者的随机吸收剂量低于CR床边胸部摄影。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.