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目的 提高胰腺内分泌肿瘤的诊疗水平。方法 回顾性分析23例胰腺内分泌肿瘤病人的临床资料。结果 胰腺内分泌肿瘤以胰岛素瘤,非功能性胰岛细胞瘤及胃泌素瘤最为常见。肿瘤大小与症状轻重无关。该组胰岛素瘤为良性,其它60%为恶性,血管造影,门殂脉血激素水平测定及术中B超对胰岛素瘤的诊断阳性率分别为67%,83%及100%。胰岛素瘤均行肿瘤摘除术;胃泌素瘤及MEN-I因合并症急诊行全胃切除术;胰高血糖瘤行姑息切除术;非功能性胰岛细胞瘤恶性者因局部浸润及转移未予解除。结论 除非功能性胰岛细胞瘤外,胰腺内分泌肿瘤多有完整被膜,可行摘除手术。姑息切除亦可明显级解症状,即使为恶性,预后亦好于胰外分泌肿瘤。     

胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和外科治疗经验. 方法 收集我院1994年1月~2004年12月收治的26例胰腺胰岛细胞瘤患者的临床资料,对其临床表现、检查手段和治疗结果进行回顾分析. 结果 本组以反复发作性意识障碍和反复中上腹隐痛为主要症状,女性发病率高,占61.5%;胰岛素瘤和非功能性胰岛细胞瘤各13例;恶性占11.5%,良性占88.5%;26例手术者中,胰头、体、尾部分别占19.2%,30.8%,50%;2例为多发肿瘤,肿瘤最大直径8 cm;13例胰岛素瘤患者发作时血糖均<2.8 mmol/L(50 mg/dl),血浆胰岛素及C肽增高,胰岛素指数(胰岛素/血糖)>0.3,手术切除后,11例血糖恢复正常.本组患者均行B超和CT检查,88.5%胰腺发现有占位病变.脾胰体尾切除术、肿瘤局部切除术和胰头十二指肠切除术是主要的手术方式,术中均做活检.胰痿是术后主要并发症. 结论 胰腺胰岛细胞瘤发病隐匿,术前诊断困难,根据临床症状及B超和CT检查等可明确肿瘤的位置,而最终定性还是要依据术后病理检查,本病预后明显好于胰腺癌,因此一旦明确诊断应积极争取彻底切除肿瘤.胰腺胰岛细胞瘤具有较高的手术切除率,本组为100%.病理显示非功能性胰岛细胞瘤恶变率高于胰岛素瘤.对于恶性胰岛细胞瘤术后可运用化疗和介入治疗.     

胰岛细胞瘤32例诊治分析

目的:探讨胰腺内分泌肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗经验。方法:32例中行肿瘤摘除术18例,胰体尾联合脾切除术4例,胰十二指肠切除术4例,肿瘤切除并胃大部切除术2例,Whipple术3例,捆绑式胰体空肠吻合术1例。结果:B超、CT、MRI、DSA诊断胰岛细胞瘤的敏感性分别为62.5%、75%、80%、87.5%。术后并发症包括胰瘘、切口感染、腹腔内出血。结论:无功能胰岛细胞瘤恶性率显著高于功能性胰岛细胞瘤(P<0.01)。胰腺内分泌肿瘤的外科治疗方案主要取决于肿瘤的大小、定位和恶性度。对良性者宜行单纯肿瘤切除或胰腺部分切除,对恶性肿瘤应以扩大范围的根治性肿瘤切除术为主的综合治疗。     

胰岛细胞瘤的诊治体会

目的：研究胰岛细胞瘤诊断和治疗。方法：回顾分析8例胰岛细胞瘤外科治疗的临床资料,功能性胰岛细胞瘤3例,无功能性胰岛细胞瘤5例。肿瘤位于胰头1例,胰颈与胰体交界处1例,胰体4例和胰尾2例。8例均施行手术,5例施行肿瘤部位胰腺部分切除术,3例施行胰体尾切除术。结果：8例均治愈出院,无手术并发症,3例功能性胰岛细胞瘤手术后血糖上升5．5mmol／L以上,无功能性胰岛细胞瘤术后腹部不适症状消失。结论：手术切除胰岛细胞瘤可取得满意的效果。     

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除胰岛细胞多肽瘤外 ,其它恶性胰腺内分泌肿瘤都是少见或罕见病。胰岛素瘤多为良性 ,文献统计恶性的一般不超过 5 % ,北京协和医院 2 14例中仅 12例为恶性[1] ,占5 6 % ,国外文献也有报告 10 %为恶性[2 ] 。其它胰内分泌肿瘤的恶性百分比均高或很高 ,见表 1。1　恶性胰内分泌肿瘤的诊断标准和考虑(1)肿瘤的局部侵犯 ,淋巴结转移 ,肝转移等。(2 )单凭肿瘤的显微镜下所见 ,常不易确诊 ,即肿瘤的行为和形象应以肿瘤的行为作为判断良恶性的标准。(3)第一次手术未摘除干净 ,术后局部复发 ,如胰多肽瘤 ,即过去所说的无功能性胰岛细胞瘤 ,主要为局…     

恶性无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨恶性无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的外科治疗方法及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析33例术后病理检查证实为恶性无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者的临床资料.结果 12例行胰十二指肠切除术,8例行胰体尾切除术,5例行局部切除术,8例仅行活检.本组患者5年生存率为31%.25例肿瘤切除患者1、3、5年生存率分别为92%、76%、39%;8例肿瘤未切除患者1、3、5年生存率分别为81%、61%、0.肝转移和血管侵犯是影响预后的因素.结论 手术切除是恶性无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的首选治疗方法;肝转移、血管侵犯是影响预后的独立危险因素.     

胰岛细胞瘤21例临床分析

目的:探讨胰岛细胞瘤的临床特征、治疗效果。方法:回顾分析我院近5年诊治胰岛细胞瘤21例的经验,总结胰岛细胞瘤的临床特征、诊治方法及其效果。结果:本组病例中,无功能性胰岛细胞瘤9例,胰岛素瘤12例,其中2例为多发性内分泌腺瘤。前者恶变率为55.6％(5/9),平均年龄为40岁;后者恶变率为8.3％(1/12),平均年龄为39岁。肿瘤位子胰头9例,胰体6例,胰尾6例。术前影像诊断明确肿瘤定位16例(占76.2％),其余5例经术中触摸探查和超声检查得到定位。肿瘤行局部切除术12例,胰体尾切除+胰空肠吻合术6例,肿瘤+脾脏切除术2例,Whipple手术1例。术后胰瘘发生率为33.3％(7/21),其是最常见的并发症,本组无手术死亡。结论:无功能胰岛细胞瘤恶变率显著高于胰岛素瘤(P相似文献   

中段胰腺切除术(附10例报告)

目的 探讨中段胰腺切除术的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至2003年10月间10例中段胰腺切除术病人的临床资料，男6例，女4例，平均年龄46．6岁。本组病例中病理诊断胰腺内分泌肿瘤5例。胰腺囊腺瘤4例。慢性胰腺炎伴胰石症1例。2例行中段胰腺切除＋胰头空肠、胰体空肠、空肠空肠吻合术，8例行中段胰腺切除＋胰体空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果 术后均无死亡。术后发生胰瘘2例，经保守治疗2个月和2周后均痊愈。仅1例无功能性胰岛细胞瘤的病人术后出现血糖轻度增高，随访1年血糖无变化。10例病人中8例随访至2004年4月均健在，无复发。结论 中段胰腺切除术适用于位于胃十二指肠动脉左侧和近脾静脉与肠系膜下静脉汇合处之间良性或低度恶性的胰腺肿瘤。该术式有利于降低胰腺术后糖尿病的发生和维持胃肠道的功能．     

胰腺恶性内分泌肿瘤的诊断和治疗经验

目的 总结胰腺恶性内分泌肿瘤的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1969年1月至2008年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院收治的38例胰腺恶性内分泌肿瘤患者的临床资料.其中胰岛素瘤6例,胰多肽瘤23例,胰高血糖素瘤4例和胰腺类癌5例.结果除1例胰岛素瘤外,所有患者经术前影像学检查发现胰腺占位;手术切除率87%(33/38),病理学检查提示肝转移7例,淋巴结转移5例,血管、淋巴管发现瘤栓1例,局部浸润28例.术后随访24例,1例胰岛素瘤局部复发再次手术切除,1例胰腺类癌肝转移再次射频治疗,其余无转移、复发表现.结论 影像学检查是胰腺内分泌肿瘤的主要诊断依据.其恶性程度应根据术前影像学表现、术中探查、术后病理检查并结合随访综合判定.恶性胰腺内分泌肿瘤恶性程度低,手术切除率高,预后良好.     

胰腺内分泌肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的:复习胰腺内分泌肿瘤的临床表现和诊治过程,以熟悉对这些罕见肿瘤的认识.方法:收集我科33年来(1973年1月至2006年12月)的77例胰腺内分泌肿瘤病人资料,进行回顾性分析.结果:本组包括胰岛素瘤43例(55.8%);胃泌素瘤7例,其中2例合并甲状旁腺瘤(为多发性内分泌瘤第Ⅰ型);胰高血糖素瘤5例;血管活性肠肽瘤1例;非功能胰岛细胞瘤21例(27.3%).女性占59.7%;良、恶性分别占81.8%和18.2%.77例均行B超和CT检查,发现其中84.4%胰腺有占位病变,但定性检查乃依赖于术后病理切片检查;均行手术,发现肿瘤位于胰头、体、尾部者分别占18.2%、26.0%、45.5%,8例为多发肿瘤.对5类胰腺内分泌肿瘤的临床表现和治疗方案均给予介绍,脾胰体尾切除术、肿瘤局部切除术和胰头十二指肠切除术是主要的手术方式.结论:熟悉不同胰腺内分泌肿瘤的特异症状,并辅以生化检查、B超和CT扫描,可及时辨认罕见肿瘤.手术切除是其主要的治疗方法,选择合适的术式有助于避免术后并发症的发生和改善预后.     

Non-functioning tumors of the endocrine pancreas. Concept, diagnosis, treatment

Five cases of nonfunctioning islet cell tumors of the pancreas are reported. There were 3 males and 2 females aged from 34 to 83 years (Average: 55.8 years). Two tumors were malignant since already metastatic, one tumor was probably malignant and two tumors were judged as benign. One patient died post-operatively. The four remaining patients are alive without recurrence after from 1.4 to 7.3 years. The concepts of nonfunctioning tumors of the pancreas and APUD system are discussed in view of these 5 cases and the relevant literature. The value of tumor markers as well as the radiographic appearances of these tumors are reported. Having a better prognosis than the adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas, the nonfunctioning tumors of the endocrine pancreas are best managed by surgery. The indications and the results of surgery and chemotherapy are discussed.     

功能性胰岛β细胞瘤的外科诊治分析

目的探讨功能性胰岛β细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法收集我院1998年4月至2008年4月收治的42例功能性胰岛β细胞瘤患者的临床资料，对其临床表现、检查手段和治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果42例患者均有Whipple三联征，IRI／G〉0．3有39例。术前行B超和CT检查，分别发现16例（38％），32例（76％），术前B超联合CT检查发现34例（81％），术中B超联合扪诊发现40例（95％）。肿瘤位于胰头15例，胰体12例，胰尾15例；术后病理证实良性肿瘤40例，胰岛细胞增生1例，恶性1例。单纯肿瘤切除25例；胰体尾联合脾切除6例；单纯胰体尾切除9例，1例联合左肾切除；胰十二指肠切除2例。术后胰漏5例，4例为肿瘤摘除者，1例为胰十二指肠切除。1例术后因多器官功能衰竭死亡。结论功能性胰岛β细胞瘤定位诊断尤其重要，术中B超是发现肿瘤较好的手段。手术方式取决于肿瘤大小和位置，合理的手术方式选择能减少术后并发症的发生。     

非功能性胰岛细胞瘤16例临床分析

目的探讨非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法对近16年间收治的非功能性胰岛细胞瘤16例临床资料回顾性分析。其中位于胰头部4例,胰体尾部12例,瘤体长径平均12cm。结果行肿瘤摘除术6例,胰十二指肠切除术3例,行包括肿瘤在内的远端胰腺及脾脏切除3例,保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术3例,因肿瘤广泛侵浸未能切除1例。治愈性切除率为93.75%(15/16),全组无手术死亡。随访资料显示:11例良性肿瘤患者全部存活,已2～16年。5例恶性肿瘤患者中,1例因肿瘤广泛侵犯未能切除者,术后5个月死于多器官衰竭;1例胰体尾切除并左肝切除者存活2年;胰十二肠切除者2例,分别存活1年和6年,胰体尾切除加脾切除1例已存活12年8个月。结论钡餐,B超,CT,MRI,以及ERCP对该病有诊断价值,手术切除是治疗非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的主要方法,效果良好。     

无功能胰岛细胞瘤诊断与治疗(附20例报告)

目的　探讨无功能胰岛细胞瘤的临床特征和诊治方法。方法　收集我院1990～2004 年收治的无功能性胰岛细胞瘤20例,对其临床表现、检查手段和治疗结果进行分析回顾行分析。结 果　B型超声、SCT、MRI检查能提供肿瘤的位置,定性诊断主要靠术中冰冻病理切片检查。20例均 行手术治疗,其中16例随诊4个月～15年,良性12例,恶性4例,其中2例随诊复发而诊断为恶性。 结论　无功能胰岛细胞瘤发病隐匿,术前诊断困难,SCT,MRI对定位定性诊断有一定价值;术中病 理诊断有助于确定选择术式,病人随访对确定良恶性有帮助。     

Malignant Nonfunctioning Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas: Predictive Factors for Survival after Surgical Treatment

BACKGROUND: There are scant studies that have analyzed the prognostic factors for malignant nonfunctioning endocrine tumors of the pancreas. We identified the predictive factors associated with long-term survival after surgical resection for malignant nonfunctioning endocrine tumors. METHODS: Among the 25 patients seen at our hospital with a diagnosis of malignant nonfunctioning endocrine tumor, a review was performed on 22 of these patients who were surgically treated at our institution over the last 10 years. The following factors were evaluated for disease-specific mortality: age, gender, tumor location, tumor size, histological differentiation, status of the resection margin, and status of lymph node involvement. RESULTS: Tumor recurrence was noted in 9 cases (40.9%) among the 22 operated patients. Of the 9 recurrent cases, 7 patients (77.8%) had liver metastases. The median follow-up period was 24.8 (range: 3.7-121.4) months. The overall actuarial 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 84.1%, 72.5%, and 52.8%, respectively. The factor shown to have a favorable independent prognostic significance was a negative resection margin (odds ratio = 19.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.22-310.54, P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: Definitive surgical resection of the primary tumor was a predictor of long-term survival after surgical resection for malignant nonfunctioning endocrine tumor.     

Management of islet cell tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia: a prospective study

As part of a study to manage islet cell tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), patients with MEN I and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) underwent surgery if a pancreatic islet cell tumor was identified on imaging studies. Patients with MEN I and either insulinoma or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide tumor (VIPoma) underwent surgery whether or not a tumor was identified. Each patient underwent preoperative portal venous sampling (PVS). Nine patients with MEN I and one with MEN II underwent surgery; seven had ZES, one had insulinoma, one had VIPoma, and one had both insulinoma and ZES. Eight of the nine patients with MEN I had an identifiable hormone gradient on PVS. Islet cell tumors were removed from the pancreas of each patient; two patients also had duodenal wall tumors, and three patients had malignant islet cell tumors. No patient with ZES and MEN I was cured of ZES despite the fact that islet cell tumor was removed from the region of the gastrin gradient in five of six patients. The single patient with MEN II and ZES and the three additional patients with MEN I and either insulinoma or VIPoma were cured by islet cell tumor resection. The results indicate that islet cell tumors in patients with MEN I can be both extrapancreatic and malignant. In patients with MEN I and ZES, ZES cannot be cured by tumor resection, and PVS cannot be used to select patients for curative surgery. It appears that gastrinoma in patients with MEN II, as well as either insulinoma or VIPoma in patients with MEN I, can be cured by islet cell tumor resection.     

Pancreatic islet cell tumors

Tumors arising from the pancreatic islet cells represent a heterogeneous group of lesions. Some tumors present with well-characterized syndromes, while others appear to be nonfunctioning. Eighty-four patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors operated on at the Cleveland Clinic during a 35-year period were reviewed. The tumor types include 21 nonfunctioning tumors, 41 insulinomas, 16 gastrinomas, two vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-omas, two carcinoids, and two probable cases of pancreatic parathyrinoma. Eleven patients had multiple endocrine neoplasia type I syndrome. Preoperative localization was possible in 63% of patients in whom it was attempted. Complete mobilization of the head and distal pancreas with bimanual palpation of the entire gland is critical for intraoperative tumor localization. Distal pancreatectomy is favored for tumors in the body and tail. In the head of the pancreas, small, benign lesions require enucleation, and large or malignant lesions necessitate a Whipple procedure. The operative morbidity rate was 24%, and the mortality rate was 3.6%. The 10-year survival rate was 54.7% for nonfunctioning lesions, 68.4% for gastrinomas, and 92.4% for insulinomas. At this time surgery represents the only way to cure these lesions.     

胰岛细胞肿瘤35例诊治分析

目的探讨胰岛细胞肿瘤的诊断和治疗，对胰岛细胞肿瘤发病情况进行分析。方法回顾性分析1953～2003年浙江大学医学院附属第二医院收治的胰岛细胞肿瘤35例，并结合国内有关文献报道进行诊治分析。结果35例胰岛细胞肿瘤经手术切除病理证实33例，其中胰岛紊瘤24例（72，7％，24／33），无功能胰岛细胞瘤7例（21．2％，7／33），胰高糖素瘤、胃泌素瘤各1例。国内同期文献报道胰岛细胞肿瘤2785例。结论胰岛细胞瘤主要是胰岛素瘤和无功能胰岛细胞瘤，其他肿瘤少见。对良性者宜行单纯肿瘤切除或胰腺部分切除，对恶性肿瘤应采用扩大范围的根治性肿瘤切除术为主的综合治疗，预后好于其他腹腔内脏器肿瘤。     

Prognosis after surgery for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Functionality matters

BackgroundMetastasized pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are the leading cause of death in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Aside from tumor size, prognostic factors of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are largely unknown. The present study aimed to assess whether the prognosis of patients with resected multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors differs from those with resected multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related insulinomas and assessed factors associated with prognosis.MethodsPatients who underwent resection of a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors between 1990 and 2016 were identified in 2 databases: the DutchMEN Study Group and the International MEN1 Insulinoma Study Group databases. Cox regression was performed to compare liver metastases-free survival of patients with a nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors versus those with an insulinoma and to identify factors associated with liver metastases-free survival.ResultsOut of 153 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, 61 underwent resection for a nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and 92 for an insulinoma. Of the patients with resected lymph nodes, 56% (18/32) of nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors had lymph node metastases compared to 10% (4/41) of insulinomas (P = .001). Estimated 10-year liver metastases-free survival was 63% (95% confidence interval 42%–76%) for nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and 87% (72%–91%) for insulinomas. After adjustment for size, World Health Organization tumor grade, and age, nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors had an increased risk for liver metastases or death (hazard ratio 3.04 [1.47–6.30]). In pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors ≥2 cm, nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (2.99 [1.22–7.33]) and World Health Organization grade 2 (2.95 [1.02–8.50]) were associated with liver metastases-free survival.ConclusionPatients with resected multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors had a significantly lower liver metastases-free survival than patients with insulinomas. Postoperative counseling and follow-up regimens should be tumor type specific and at least consider size and World Health Organization grade.