利用扩张皮瓣取大面积全厚皮片游离移植的临床应用与研究

目的：探讨一种新的大面积全厚皮片取皮方法。方法：利用扩张皮瓣取大面积全厚皮片游离移植治疗大面积体表瘢痕、巨痣等38例次。测量此方法的皮片收缩率，并与其他种类皮片进行比较。结果：本组病例植皮成活96．5％，术后6月皮片收缩程度低于中厚植皮，与普通全厚植皮无差别。结论：利用扩张皮瓣取大面积全厚皮片游离移植治疗大面积体表病变是一种合理可靠的方法。     

全厚皮片游离移植矫治大面积眼睑分裂痣

目的：探讨全厚皮片游离移植矫治大面积眼睑分裂痣的效果及优势。方法：2002年9月～2006年8月,利用耳后或上臂内侧全厚皮片游离移植矫治大面积眼睑分裂痣6例,男性2例,女性4例,年龄12～28岁;黑痣直径3～6cm。结果：6例患者,2例行耳后皮片移植,4例行上臂内侧皮片移植。所有患者分裂痣完全切除,植皮全部成活。随访3个月～4年,形态、功能良好,无并发症发生,效果满意。结论：全厚皮片游离移植矫治大面积眼睑分裂痣简单易行、适应证广、疗效可靠,是治疗此类疾病比较理想的术式。     

断层皮片切削法在巨痣治疗中的应用

目的:探讨断层皮片切削法治疗巨痣的临床疗效。方法:采用滚轴式取皮刀切削巨痣达真皮浅层,创面不需植皮,待其自行愈合后配合预防瘢痕增生治疗。结果:6例患儿取得满意效果,3例患儿有少部分色素残留。所有患儿术前术后毛发无明显改变。平均治疗时间为18天。结论:断层皮片切削法治疗巨痣临床效果明显:术后恢复快,色素残留少,皮肤无明显瘢痕形成,可明显改善患者外观。     

阴茎黑色素痣不同手术方法的临床疗效观察

目的总结阴茎黑色素痣的主要临床特征,对比不同手术方法治疗阴茎黑色素痣的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015年9月至2019年1月收治的9例阴茎黑色素痣患者的临床资料,其中5例为阴茎分裂痣患者。阴茎龟头处黑色素痣面积为0.4 cm×0.5 cm～1.5 cm×2.0 cm,阴茎包皮处黑色素痣面积为0.5 cm×0.6 cm～1.5 m×2.0 cm。手术分别采用包皮内板游离移植法(1例)、直接切除缝合法(3例)、切除后创面换药法(5例)的方法,术中切除病变组织均送病理检查。结果手术前后BMSFI评分无差异。其中1例分裂痣患者采用包皮内板游离移植后皮片发生坏死,经二次清创术后创面愈合。切除创面换药法术后瘢痕挛缩、增生的风险较低。术后随访6～30个月,所有患者均无复发。结论采用切除后创面换药方法治疗阴茎黑色素痣,方法简单、安全、易于推广,患者对阴茎外观及功能均较满意,是治疗阴茎黑色素痣较理想的治疗方法之一。     

头颈部先天性巨痣整张皮片移植6例

头颈部巨大色素痣简称巨痣，严重影响患者面容及身心健康，因牵涉五官，给治疗带来较大困难。色素痣切除后继发缺损的修复是困绕整形美容外科医师的难题。方法主要有皮片移植法、皮肤软组织扩张术法、邻位皮瓣转移法等，但对于巨痣，大面积皮片移植仍是最有效的方法。2007年5月～2008年6月，我院共收治6例头颈部巨痣，采用大张皮片移植术治疗，效果满意。现报道如下。     

应用真皮下血管网皮片治疗眼睑分裂痣

目的 总结应用带真皮下血管网皮片移植治疗眼睑分裂痣的经验,探讨大面积分裂痣的治疗效果及方法.方法 完整切除包括眼、眉在内的分裂痣,保留泪点、睑板以及睑结膜的痣组织,取带真皮下血管网皮片移植于受区.结果 21例患者的皮片全部成活,眼睑无变形,皮片无挛缩,泪道通畅,外形满意.结论 带真皮下血管网皮片移植可有效修复分裂痣切除后创面,其颜色、质地、外观良好,适用于较大面积眼睑分裂痣的修复.     

负压封闭引流结合断层皮片打孔移植在修复体表大面积皮肤软组织损伤中的应用

目的 探讨负压封闭引流结合断层皮片打孔移植在修复体表大面积皮肤软组织损伤中的效果.方法 自2007年12月至2013年10月,对19例因外伤所致大面积皮肤软组织缺损患者,在清创后,使用负压封闭引流材料密封创面并进行负压吸引,待创面肉芽组织生长良好后,取断层皮片打孔移植修复创面.结果 本组共19例患者.使用负压封闭引流治疗1～3次,待创面肉芽组织生长良好,行植皮手术;术后皮瓣及植皮均生长良好;治疗过程换药次数少,减少了患者的痛苦.结论 负压封闭引流结合断层皮片打孔移植应用于大面积皮肤软组织创面修复,可以有效刺激创面肉芽组织快速生长,缩短病程,减少痛苦,不失为一种有效、省时、省力的好方法.     

特殊类型先天性巨痣的手术诊治

目的：探讨特殊形态先天性巨痣的诊断和治疗。方法：对四例特殊形态先天性巨痣患者从病史、症状、术中发现、病理检查进行分析，对不同患者的病情分别采用部分或全部切除，自体皮片或自体病变皮片游离移植的方法进行巨痣切除后的整复。结果：四例巨痣患者经手术治疗疗效良好，严重影响患者生活质量的病变组织得以切除，正常皮片和病变组织皮片均全部成活。结论：先天性巨痣不但范围巨大，而且形态多样，须仔细鉴别，并根据不同病情采用不同的切除和修复方法。     

游离植皮联合VSD治疗足底负重区皮肤缺损疗效分析

目的 探讨治疗足底负重区大面积皮肤软组织缺损的方法.方法 根据伤足足底残留软组织的厚度采用自体皮片游离植皮联合VSD治疗足底负重区大面积皮肤软组织缺损.结果 本组37例应用全厚或中厚自体皮片游离植皮联合VSD方法 治疗足底负重区大面积皮肤软组织缺损获得良好的疗效.结论 选择性游离植皮联合VSD方法 是治疗足底负重区大面积皮肤软组织缺损的良好方法.     

头面颈部毛细血管畸形的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗头面部不同类型毛细血管畸形的适应证,手术方法及疗效.方法 对适合手术的23例头面颈部患者,根据病灶的面积和手术前的条件分别采用了植皮,扩张器局部皮瓣转移修复和游离皮瓣修复等方法,并进行术后评价和随访.结果 除一例特别原因造成皮片下积血,皮片部分成活不良二期再植,一例同位素治疗后扩张器病例远端发生血运障碍后改植皮以外,其余皮片,皮瓣均成活良好,但随访皮片有较明显的色差,而皮瓣色泽,质地良好.结论 皮瓣修复效果较好,其中扩张的局部皮瓣转移修复效果最佳.游离皮瓣较适合有皮下组织萎缩的大面积的病例,而其他大面积病灶可采用分期分区植皮.     

兔耳软骨移植扩增与塑形的实验研究

目的通过实验的方法初步观察兔自体耳软骨移植后的生长、扩增及塑形的情况,探讨其临床意义。方法实验用新西兰大白兔幼兔7只,取其耳根部软骨并切成碎片作为自体移植材料,以医用可吸收明胶海绵作为移植中乘载与固定软骨碎片的工具,将移植软骨碎片回植于自体背部皮下,8周后取材做大体观察及组织学切片观察移植软骨碎片生长、扩增及塑形的情况。分为少量软骨碎片不带软骨膜组(a组)、多量软骨碎片不带软骨膜组(b组)、多量软骨碎片带软骨膜组(c组)三种移植物组。另加入多量软骨碎片带软骨膜并使用硅胶塑形组,比较不同移植组软骨碎片生长、扩增及塑形的情况。结果移植软骨碎片在实验时间内均得以成活并有一定的扩增效果,各移植组大体扩增情况无显著差异;通过体内硅胶塑形,移植后的软骨团块获得一定的塑形效果。结论通过软骨碎片自体移植可以获得一定的大体扩增效果,组织学切片表明软骨细胞成活并有一定的新生软骨组织形成的趋势,说明临床上存在通过少量软骨材料获得扩增修复的可能;同时加入的硅胶使得移植软骨团块按其形状塑形生长,说明临床上可以通过体内或体外的模具使移植软骨获得一定的塑形效果,从而具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Autologous skin transplantation: comparison of minced skin to other techniques

BACKGROUND: Skin grafting may be necessary to close nonhealing skin wounds. This report describes a fast and minimally invasive method to produce minced skin suitable for transplantation to skin wounds. The technique was evaluated in an established porcine skin wound healing model and was compared to split-thickness skin grafts and suspensions of cultured and noncultured keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 90 wounds on 3 pigs. Fluid-treated full-thickness skin wounds were grafted with minced skin, split-thickness skin grafts, noncultured keratinocytes, or cultured keratinocytes. Controls received either fluid or dry treatment. The wound healing process was analyzed in histologies collected at Days 8 to 43 postwounding. Wound contraction was quantified by photoplanimetry. RESULTS: Wounds transplanted with minced skin and keratinocyte suspension contained several colonies of keratinocytes in the newly formed granulation tissue. During the healing phase, the colonies progressed upward and reepithelialization was accelerated. Minced skin and split-thickness skin grafts reduced contraction as compared to keratinocyte suspensions and saline controls. Granulation tissue formation was also reduced in split-thickness skin-grafted wounds. CONCLUSIONS: Minced skin grafting accelerates reepithelialization of fluid-treated skin wounds. The technique is faster and less expensive than split-thickness skin grafting and keratinocyte suspension transplantation. Minced skin grafting may have implications for the treatment of chronic wounds.     

Skin grafts used in combination with free flaps for intraoral oncological reconstruction

Surgeons have relied less on skin grafts for intraoral reconstruction by extending free flap tissue onto adjacent areas that could be potentially skin grafted. Split-thickness skin grafts provide thin, reliable epithelial coverage to tissue beds that can be grafted without requiring additional flap tissue. The combined use of split-thickness skin grafts with free tissue transfer may be advantageous in select situations. Four patients underwent intraoral tumor resection with immediate reconstruction using free tissue transfer and split-thickness skin grafts. Skin grafting the tongue component of combined hemiglossectomy and floor-of-mouth (FOM) defects rather than spanning the tongue-FOM junction with flap tissue may prevent excessive bulk, improve tongue mobility, and reduce the size requirement of the flap. A split-thickness skin graft can be applied to the intraoral surface of free flaps used to reconstruct through-and-through orocutaneous defects, reducing the complexity of flap design and inset. Maxillectomy defects reconstructed with muscle flaps can be epithelialized immediately with the application of a split-thickness skin graft to provide a stable obturator cavity. In select cases, the combination of split-thickness skin grafts and free tissue transfer may have advantages over the use of flap tissue alone to cover the adjacent areas of a complex defect capable of being grafted.     

Outcome of split-thickness skin grafts after external beam radiotherapy

There are many technical considerations in patients who require radiotherapy after oncologic reconstruction. A traditional tenet is to avoid skin grafts in this setting. However, this is not always avoidable. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the wound healing and functional outcome of patients in the authors' institution whose skin grafts were subsequently irradiated. A retrospective analysis of all patients treated with split-thickness skin grafts and postoperative radiotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1995 to 2002 was performed. Parameters evaluated included indications for skin graft, defect size, time to postoperative radiotherapy, total radiotherapy dose, delays and interruptions in radiotherapy, wound complications, and the need for further skin grafting. There were 30 patients (23 men, 7 women) with a mean defect size of 152 +/- 132 cm2. All split-thickness skin grafts were placed on healthy vascular tissue beds. In most instances (67%) skin grafts were used to cover muscle flaps. Median time to initial radiotherapy after grafting was 8 weeks (range, 4-60 weeks). There was 1 delay and 4 interruptions in radiotherapy treatment. There were 2 partial skin graft losses (<20%) after radiation that healed with conservative treatment. There was 1 complete skin graft loss after radiotherapy that required regrafting. Split-thickness skin grafts can tolerate postoperative radiotherapy without significant complications. Postoperative external beam radiation can begin as early as 6 to 8 weeks after skin grafting. If the requirement for postoperative radiotherapy is known, split-thickness grafts should ideally be placed on well-vascularized muscle beds. Minor skin graft loss resulting from postoperative radiotherapy can usually be treated conservatively without the need for additional surgery.     

Split-thickness skin grafts and negative-pressure dressings in the treatment of axillary hidradenitis suppurativa.

Although a number of different reconstructive techniques have been described for the treatment of axillary skin defects, split-thickness skin grafting continues to be the most common surgical modality. Here, we present our recent experience of using split-thickness skin grafts together with negative-pressure dressings for the management of defects following wide surgical excision of severe hidradenitis suppurativa. This technique ensures complete skin-graft take whilst allowing full shoulder mobility, thereby minimising the undesirable sequelae associated with split-thickness skin grafting alone.     

Effect of skin graft thickness on scar development in a porcine burn model

Animal models provide a way to investigate scar therapies in a controlled environment. It is necessary to produce uniform, reproducible scars with high anatomic and biologic similarity to human scars to better evaluate the efficacy of treatment strategies and to develop new treatments. In this study, scar development and maturation were assessed in a porcine full-thickness burn model with immediate excision and split-thickness autograft coverage. Red Duroc pigs were treated with split-thickness autografts of varying thickness: 0.026 in. (“thin”) or 0.058 in. (“thick”). Additionally, the thin skin grafts were meshed and expanded at 1:1.5 or 1:4 to evaluate the role of skin expansion in scar formation. Overall, the burn-excise-autograft model resulted in thick, raised scars. Treatment with thick split-thickness skin grafts resulted in less contraction and reduced scarring as well as improved biomechanics. Thin skin autograft expansion at a 1:4 ratio tended to result in scars that contracted more with increased scar height compared to the 1:1.5 expansion ratio. All treatment groups showed Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression that increased over time and peaked 4 weeks after grafting. Burns treated with thick split-thickness grafts showed decreased expression of pro-inflammatory genes 1 week after grafting, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and TGF-β1, compared to wounds treated with thin split-thickness grafts. Overall, the burn-excise-autograft model using split-thickness autograft meshed and expanded to 1:1.5 or 1:4, resulted in thick, raised scars similar in appearance and structure to human hypertrophic scars. This model can be used in future studies to study burn treatment outcomes and new therapies.     

Vaginal construction with skin grafts and vacuum-assisted closure.

Probably the most common method of constructing a vagina in patients with the Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster syndrome is the technique popularised by McIndoe and Banister in 1938. A cavity is created between the rectum and urethra-bladder complex and is lined with split-thickness skin grafts. One of the disadvantages of using split-thickness skin grafts is the incidence of late contraction of the neovagina. To avoid this problem full-thickness skin grafts have been used, but their take is less reliable. A new technique to improve the take of skin grafts is the VAC-system (vacuum assisted closure, KCI) which has proved to be particularly valuable in grafting difficult anatomical sites. We have used the VAC-system in the construction of a vagina in one case with split-thickness skin grafts and in two cases with full-thickness skin grafts. In all three cases the take was excellent with little discomfort for the patients. It was not necessary to stent the neovagina in the postoperative period and coitus was possible within a month of operation.     

Vacuum-assisted closure, dermal regeneration template and degloved cryopreserved skin as useful tools in subtotal degloving of the lower limb

The standard management of degloving injuries involves either immediate grafting with the avulsed skin or full- or split-thickness grafts at a later date. Alternative methods include pedicle and free flaps and revascularisation. The authors present an innovative technique of treating degloving injuries with cryopreserved split-thickness skin grafts harvested from degloved flap, artificial dermal replacement and vacuum-assisted closure (VAC therapy). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of such bilaminar reconstruction of a degloving injury.