Ezrin和Moesin在胃癌部的表达及其临床意义

[目的]探讨Ezrin、Moesin在胃癌组织中的表达情况及其与临床病理参数之间的关系.[方法]采用免疫组化法检测50例胃癌组织、25例胃黏膜不典型增生和25例正常胃黏膜中Ezrin、Moesin的表达.[结果]①Ezrin在正常胃黏膜、不典型增生和胃癌中的阳性表达率分别为28.0%、36.0%和86.0%.Moesin在正常胃黏膜、不典型增生和胃癌中的阳性表达率分别为12.0%、24.0%和78.0%.②Ezrin的表达程度与胃癌的临床分期、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.01),与胃癌的分化程度无关(P＞0.05).Moesin的表达程度与胃癌的临床分期、淋巴结转移和分化程度有关(P＜0.01).③Ezrin和Moesin的表达之间呈正相关(P＜0.01).[结论]Ezrin、Moesin在胃癌中的高表达与胃癌的临床分期和淋巴结转移有关,两者的联合检测可能成为预测胃癌转移及预后的重要指标.     

胃癌组织中Ets-1的表达及其与血管生成临床病理特征和预后的关系

目的 探讨胃癌组织、癌旁组织及淋巴结转移灶中Ets-1表达的临床意义,分析Ets-1表达与血管生成、临床病理特征及预后的关系.方法 应用免疫组化SP法,采用组织芯片技术,检测189例胃癌组织、54例癌旁组织、41例淋巴结转移灶及32例正常胃黏膜中Ets-1蛋白的表达.对胃癌患者通过上门或电话进行问卷随访.结果 胃癌组织、癌旁组织和正常胃黏膜Ets-1的阳性表达率分别为71.4%、29.6%和18.8%,3组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).135例Ets-1表达阳性的胃癌组织微血管密度(MVD)为30.42±15.21,54例Ets-1表达阴性的胃癌组织MVD为25.73±11.50.两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.042).Ets-1蛋白表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.01),与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、分化程度、Lanren分型无关(P＞0.05).41例淋巴结转移灶和相对应的41例胃癌组织Ets-1表达阳性率分别为84.4%和58.5%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007).单因素分析显示,Ets-1表达对胃癌患者生存期的影响有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Cox多元回归分析显示,Ets-1表达不是胃癌患者预后的独立影响因素(P＞0.05).结论 Ets-1在促进胃癌血管生成中发挥着重要作用,在胃癌的发生、发展中扮演了重要角色,Ets-1表达对胃癌患者的生存期有一定影响,胃癌淋巴结转移灶和原发灶肿瘤组织中Ets-1的表达不同,具有异质性.     

Tiam1基因在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的 研究Tiam1表达与胃癌浸润转移及其与病人预后的关系.方法 应用FTTC标记的免疫荧光法检测52例人胃癌及20例正常胃黏膜组织中Tiam1蛋白的表达.结果 50例胃癌和20例正常黏膜组织中Tiam1的阳性分别为75%和10%.Tiam1蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达水平与病人的年龄、性别及肿瘤的大小无关(U值分别为0.5132,0.2597,1.1708,P＞0.05);但与胃癌组织的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结的转移情况、肿瘤的分期以及病人的五年存活情况具有显著相关性(U值分别为3.1838,3.0430,2.2597,5.1035,4.3266,P＜0.05).随着胃癌组织分化程度的降低,浸润深度的加深,Tiam1蛋白染色阳性率逐渐上升,Tiam1阳性率增高提示预后不良.结论 Tiam1蛋白的表达与胃癌浸润转移呈相关关系,并与多种临床病理因素相关,可为胃癌浸润转移的防治和病人的预后判定提供有价值的参考.     

Galectin-1蛋白及孕激素受体与胃癌腹膜转移的关系

目的:探讨胃癌组织中半乳糖结合蛋白(Galectin-1)及孕激素受体(PR)表达与胃癌腹膜转移的关系.方法: 应用即用型孕激素测定试剂盒及鼠抗人Galectin-1单克隆抗体和免疫组织化学SP染色法检测40例同期伴腹膜转移胃癌患者的癌旁正常胃黏膜、胃癌原发灶、胃癌腹膜转移灶及淋巴结转移灶中Galectin-1蛋白及PR的表达.结果: 正常胃黏膜中Galectin-1及PR的表达与胃癌原发灶、腹膜转移灶及淋巴结转移灶之间差异均具统计学意义(P<0.05).胃癌原发灶、腹膜转移灶及淋巴结转移灶三者间的Galectin-1及PR表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论: 胃癌病灶中的Galectin-1及PR表达可能成为判断胃癌患者术前是否有腹膜转移及预后的生物学指标,并可为胃癌的内分泌治疗提供依据.     

胃癌组织中Tiam1的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Tiam1在胃癌组织中的表达与胃癌发生、发展和转移的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法对56例胃癌和15例正常胃黏膜组织中Tiam1蛋白进行检测。结果与正常胃黏膜组织相比,Tiam1在胃癌组织中高表达(U=4.964,P<0.01);且随着TNM分期的升高、淋巴结转移的发生、组织分化程度的降低、肿块大小的增加及浸润深度的增加,Tiam1蛋白染色阳性率逐渐升高,有统计学意义(P<0.05),但Tiam1蛋白表达水平与胃癌患者性别、年龄无关(P>0.05)。结论 Tiam1表达与胃癌的侵袭、转移密切相关。     

骨桥蛋白和原癌基因c-Met在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的： 研究骨桥蛋白 (osteopontin,OPN)和原癌基因c-Met在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法：用免疫组织化学SP法检测69例胃癌组织、20例胃黏膜不典型增生组织及20例正常胃黏膜组织中OPN蛋白和c-Met蛋白的表达水平,并探讨其表达与肿瘤临床病理指标的关系;应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测15例胃癌和正常切缘组织 (距肿瘤边缘5 cm以上)中的OPN mRNA和c-Met mRNA的表达。结果：OPN蛋白在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为69.6%,高于胃黏膜不典型增生组织(40.0%)及正常胃黏膜组织(30.0%)(P<0.05);OPN蛋白表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、临床TNM分期、淋巴结转移之间有明显的相关性;胃癌组织和正常胃黏膜组织中OPN mRNA表达水平分别为β-actin的2.08和0.46倍,胃癌组织明显高于正常胃黏膜组织 (P<0.01)。c-Met蛋白在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为65.2%,明显高于胃黏膜不典型增生组织(30.0%)及正常胃黏膜组织(20.0%) (P<0.01);c-Met蛋白表达水平与肿瘤的淋巴结转移、临床TNM分期之间有明显的相关性;胃癌组织和正常胃黏膜组织中c-Met mRNA表达水平分别是β-actin的0.21和0.03倍,胃癌组织明显高于正常胃黏膜组织 (P<0.01)。结论：OPN、c-Met高表达可能促进了胃癌的发病过程,在胃癌的发生发展过程中具有重要作用。     

人卵巢癌组织中Tiam1和Rac1的表达与肿瘤侵袭转移的关系

目的:检测Tiam1和Rac1蛋白在人卵巢癌组织中的表达,探讨其与卵巢癌组织学类型、临床分期、病理分级和侵袭转移的关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法和半定量方法检测Tiam1和Rac1蛋白在52例卵巢癌、12例良性卵巢肿瘤及14例正常卵巢组织中的表达.结果:Tiam1和Rac1蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为80.77%和78.00%,明显高于正常卵巢组织和良性病变(P＜0.01);在不同组织学类型和年龄中表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Ⅰ～Ⅱ期阳性表达率为61.53%和46.15%,明显低于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期87.18%和89.74%,(P＜0.05);随组织分化程度的降低,二者的染色强度有逐渐增高的趋势,Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级阳性表达率明显高于Ⅰ级(P＜0.05);有转移者阳性表达率90.63%和96.87%明显高于无转移者65.00%和50.00%,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:Tiam1和Rac1蛋白的表达与临床分期、分化程度及肿瘤转移等密切相关,提示Tiam1和Rac1信号通路在人卵巢癌侵袭转移中起重要作用.     

Ezrin和c-Met基因编码蛋白表达与胃癌发生和转移的关系及意义

目的:检测并分析Ezrin蛋白和c-Met蛋白在正常胃粘膜、肠上皮化生、不典型增生及胃癌组织中表达的差异性和关联性,探讨Ezrin蛋白及c-Met蛋白的表达与胃癌发生和转移的关系及意义.方法:收集手术切除胃癌标本219例(其中188例同时于距癌灶边缘大于5cm处取配对正常胃粘膜作为对照)、不典型增生75例及肠上皮化生85例.采用组织芯片制作仪构建胃癌及其癌前病变组织芯片,利用免疫组化方法检测Ezrin蛋白和c-Met蛋白在正常胃粘膜、肠上皮化生、不典型增生及胃癌中的表达.结果:除去抗原修复造成的部分组织脱落,最终可用病例分别为正常胃粘膜131例,肠上皮化生55例,不典型增生62例,胃癌182例.Ezrin蛋白在肠上皮化生(94.55%)、不典型增生(87.10%)和胃癌(83.52%)中表达的阳性率显著高于正常胃粘膜(61.07%),P<0.01;伴淋巴结转移胃癌组Ezrin蛋白表达的阳性率(88.32%)显著高于无淋巴结转移组(68.89%),P<0.01.c-Met蛋白在肠上皮化生(63.64%)、不典型增生(61.29%)和胃癌(65.93%)中表达的阳性率显著高于正常胃粘膜(28.24%),P<0.01;伴淋巴结转移胃癌组c-Met蛋白表达的阳性率(71.53%)显著高于无淋巴结转移组(48.89%),P<0.05.结论:Ezfin蛋白可能参与胃粘膜肠上皮化生和肠型胃癌的发生;Ezrin蛋白和c-Me蛋白共同参与了胃癌的发生和发展,但其具体分子机制尚需进一步深入研究.     

组织芯片检测p16蛋白在不同胃组织中的表达意义

[目的]分析胃癌相关差异表达蛋白p16在不同胃组织中的表达意义,为临床早期发现胃癌及评估胃癌患者预后提供有价值的资料.[方法]采用免疫组织化学染色,检测胃组织芯片(包括正常胃黏膜、癌旁、非典型增生、胃癌及淋巴结转移癌组织)中p16蛋白的表达,分析其在胃癌组织中表达与临床病理特征的关系.[结果] p16蛋白在正常胃黏膜、癌旁、非典型增生和胃癌组织中的表达率分别为76.47％ (26/34)、79.59％( 39/49)、34.62％ (9/26)和8.64％(7/81);p16蛋白在胃癌组织中阳性表达率较正常胃黏膜、癌旁组织和非典型增生组织降低(P＜0.01),而非典型增生组织中阳性表达率较正常胃黏膜和癌旁组织降低(P＜0.05);p16蛋白表达与胃癌患者年龄、肿块大小和淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05).[结论] p16蛋白表达与胃癌的发生发展、患者年龄、肿块大小及淋巴结转移有关.     

胃癌及其转移灶中S100A6基因的表达

目的 分析S100A6在胃癌发展过程中的作用,研究配对胃癌组织以及转移灶中S100A6基因mRNA和蛋白的表达.方法 应用实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(QRT-PCR)检测20例配对胃癌组织中S100A6 mRNA的表达,构建208例胃癌患者配对胃癌组织及转移淋巴结病灶的组织芯片,采用免疫组化方法检测S100A6蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床病理因素以及预后之间的相关性.结果 QRT-PCR检测结果显示,20例配对胃癌中,有14例的S100A6 mRNA转录水平升高,平均升高倍数为2.25倍.免疫组化检测结果显示,S100A6在正常胃黏膜中的表达阳性率为34.3%,在癌灶中表达阳性率为84.1%,在淋巴结转移灶中表达阳性率为90.9%,癌灶和淋巴结转移灶表达高于正常胃黏膜(P<0.05).65.5%的胃癌组织中S100A6表达较对应正常胃黏膜升高.癌灶中S100A6表达与肿瘤大小和侵袭程度相关,肿瘤越大表达越高(P=0.022),侵袭越深表达越高(P=0.000),未发现S100A6表达与其他临床病理因素之间的相关性.S100A6表达与预后无关,但相对于正常胃黏膜,癌灶中S100A6表达升高者的预后比表达下降者差.结论 S100A6表达上调是胃癌早期事件,与胃癌的发生、发展相关.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.