后程立体定向适形放疗加化疗治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的评价后程立体定向适形放疗加化疗治疗食管癌的疗效。方法从2001年4月~2002年4月我科对46例住院的食管癌患者进行后程立体定向放疗加化疗,即先常规放疗前后野垂直照射40Gy后,改立体定向适形放疗加量20~30Gy/6~7周,并在整个放疗过程的前、中、后各化疗(PF方案)1周期,共3周期(治疗组);同期全院共常规放疗106例(对照组),即先常规照射(前后两垂直野)放疗40Gy后,改等中心(避开脊髓)照射加量20~30Gy/6~7周,6~15MV-X线照射。结果治疗组、对照组近期有效率分别为88.8%、78.3%,1、3年局控率、生存率分别为73.3%、57.8,62.5%、43.2和73.3%、51.1%,61.5%、38.4%。(P>0.05)治疗组消化道反应及骨髓抑制发生率明显高于对照组,经对症支持治疗后能完成治疗。结论后程立体定向适形放疗加化疗能提高中晚期食管癌的有效率、生存率,毒副反应能耐受。     

三维适形放疗联合雷替曲塞加奥沙利铂治疗中晚期食管鳞癌的临床观察

目的 观察三维适形放疗联合化疗治疗中晚期食管鳞癌的近期疗效和不良反应。方法 收集2011年9月至2013年4月间中晚期食管鳞癌患者42例,采用三维适形放疗联合化疗,放疗剂量：60 Gy/30次,6周完成;化疗方案为：雷替曲塞3 mg/m2,静滴,d1;奥沙利铂130 mg/m2,静滴2 h,d2,28天为1周期。放疗第1周和第5周时各化疗1周期,放疗结束后4~6周开始继续原方案巩固化疗2周期。结果 42例患者均可评价疗效,获完全缓解18例（42.9%）、部分缓解23例（54.8%）和稳定1例（2.4%）, 总有效率为97.6%。1、2年局部控制率为90.5%、71.4%, 1、2年生存率为85.7%、60.7%。全组患者的不良反应多为1~2级,急性食管炎、急性放射性肺炎、胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制及肝功能损害发生率分别为95.2%、23.8%、73.8%、42.9%和19.1%。结论 三维适形放疗联合雷替曲塞和奥沙利铂治疗中晚期食管鳞癌的近期疗效显著,局部控制率较好,毒副反应能耐受,长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

化疗和适形放疗同步治疗局部晚期NSCLC临床疗效观察

目的:观察放、化疗同步治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效及毒副反应.方法:26例不能手术的局部晚期NSCLC患者采用NP方案化疗和同步三维适形放射治疗,照射剂量为常规分割,每次2Gy、每周5次、累计总量66Gy～70Gy,同步行NP方案化疗4个周期.结果:1年生存率Ⅲa期为72.7%,Ⅲb期为20.0%.主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、放射性肺炎、放射性食管炎.结论:化疗和三维适形放疗同步治疗局部晚期NSCLC能提高患者的生存时间和生存率,且耐受性较好,值得临床进一步研究.     

长春瑞滨联合顺铂同步放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的观察Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者应用顺铂联合长春瑞滨同步放疗的治疗效果和相关影响因素。方法三维适形放疗联合化疗治疗50例不能手术的ⅢA (N2)~ⅢB期NSCLC患者。顺铂30 mg/m2,第1~3、22~24天;长春瑞滨20 mg/m2,第1、8、22、29天。三维适形放疗在第1天开始,放疗中位剂量64Gy。CTC 3.0版用于评价治疗不良反应。结果50例患者客观缓解率为70%。局部肿瘤无进展中位生存时间和中位生存时间分别为7.5月和16.1月。1、2、3年生存率分别为60%、32.7%和21%。多因素分析结果显示高剂量照射（＞64Gy）组病人的局部区域控制率和生存率好于低剂量照射组（≤64Gy）,总疗程时间是病人生存率的影响因素,疗程时间短的病人生存率好。9名病人出现了3级血液不良反应。20人出现1~2级急性放射性食管炎;26人出现1~2级急性放射性肺炎。结论长春瑞滨联合顺铂和同步放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌是可行的。提高放疗剂量或缩短疗程时间可以提高局部晚期非小细胞肺癌病人的生存率。     

GP方案序贯三维适形放疗治疗老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的:观察GP方案化疗序贯三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)治疗Ⅲ期老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效及毒副作用。方法:回顾性分析我科2004年1月-2007年2月收治的62例Ⅲ期老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),分成序贯放化疗组及单纯放疗组患者,序贯放化疗组32例,单纯放疗组30例。序贯放化疗组应用吉西他滨1000mg/m2,d1、8,顺铂30mg/m2,d2-4,常规止吐对症处理,21天为1个周期,接受3个周期化疗,化疗结束后3周行全程X线三维适形放疗DT66-70Gy/7周,2Gy/次,5次/周;单纯放疗组放疗方法同序贯放化疗组放疗,治疗完成4周后评价疗效和不良反应。结果:62例均完成治疗,单纯放疗组总有效率(CR+PR)为66.7%,完全缓解率(CR)为10%。单纯放疗组1、3、5年生存率分别为46.7%、13.3%、6.7%。序贯放化疗组总有效率(CR+PR)为81.3%,完全缓解率(CR)为12.5%;序贯放化疗组1、3、5年生存率分别为71.9%、37.5%、12.5%。两组总有效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组1、3年生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。放化疗的毒副反应主要是放射性肺损伤和放射性食管炎,但皆可耐受。结论:GP方案化疗序贯三维适形放疗治疗Ⅲ期老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)可明显提高近期疗效和远期疗效,未增加明显不良作用。     

三维适形放疗与紫杉醇周方案同步治疗老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效观察

目的:评估三维适形放疗与紫杉醇周方案化疗同步治疗老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的近期疗效.方法:2006年6月-2008年6月收治的62例老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者,予以三维适形放疗,放疗剂量为60-70Gy/6-7周,同时行化疗,为紫杉醇周方案:紫杉醇60mg/m2,静脉滴注第1,8,15天,28天为1周期.结果:完全缓解率(CR)20.9%,部分缓解率(PR)62.9%,总有效率(CR+PR)83.8%.不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、消化道反应、放射性肺炎及放射性食管炎.结论:放疗与紫杉醇周方案化疗同步治疗老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效较为满意,不良反应可以耐受.     

介入、全身化疗加放疗治疗Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌

目的:观察介入、全身化疗加放疗治疗Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效.方法:选择性支气管动脉插管给药(ADM、DDP)后,连续静滴VP16 5天,每28天为一周期,2周期后再行放疗.结果:有效率(CR+PR)为97.2%,1、2、3年生存率分别为83.3%、38.9%、22.2%.结论:介入、全身化疗加放疗联合治疗Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期NSCLC,是一种安全、有效,值得肯定的综合治疗手段.     

经支气管动脉灌注化疗联合立体定向适形放疗治疗40例中晚期中央型肺癌

[目的]探讨经支气管动脉灌注化疗联合立体定向适形放疗治疗中晚期中央型肺癌的疗效。[方法]79例中晚期中央型肺癌患者随机分为联合放疗组和单纯介入组,行经支气管动脉灌注化疗,术后联合放疗组行立体定向适形放疗,观察两组治疗效果。[结果]联合放疗组和单纯介入组有效率分别为70.0%（28/40）和43.6%（17/39）,两组比较有显著性差异（χ2=5.618,P=0.018）。联合放疗组消化道症状、骨髓抑制发生率均高于单纯介入组（47.5%vs20.5%,P=0.011;37.5%vs15.4%,P=0.026）,但均可耐受;联合放疗组急性放射性毒副反应较轻。[结论]经支气管动脉灌注化疗联合立体定向适形放疗治疗中晚期中央型肺癌疗效优于单纯介入治疗,且毒副反应可耐受。     

三维适形放疗联合TP方案治疗Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效观察

目的：观察三维适形放疗联合紫杉醇/顺铂方案治疗Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC） 的近期疗效和毒副作用,探讨放疗在Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌中的应用价值.方法：29例Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者,化疗采用TP方案,紫杉醇135mg/m2,静滴,d1;顺铂40mg/d,静滴,d1-3,,21天为1周期,采用三维适形放疗,常规分割1.8～2.0 Gy/次,1次/d,总剂量50Gy～65Gy/5周～6.5周.结果：29例Ⅳ期NSCLC患者治疗后,中位疾病无进展时间9.0个月,其中CR 3例（10.3%）,PR10例（34.5%）,SD 9例（31.0%）,有效率（CR＋PR）为44.8%,临床受益率（CR＋PR＋SD）75.9%,主要的毒副反应为血液学毒性、胃肠道反应以及放射性肺炎、放射性食管炎等,Ⅱ度以上放射性肺炎的发生率为41.4%,Ⅱ度以上放射性食管炎的发生率为34.5%.结论：三维适形放疗联合TP方案化疗治疗Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效较为满意,毒副反应可以耐受,值得进一步临床研究.     

三维适形调强放疗同步顺铂化疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效

目的 观察三维适形调强放疗同步顺铂化疗联合分子靶向药物尼妥珠单抗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的临床疗效、耐受性及安全性。方法 选取本院收治的初治局部晚期鼻咽癌患者40例,采用三维适形调强放疗同步顺铂化疗联合分子靶向药物尼妥珠单抗治疗。三维适形调强放疗靶区剂量PGTVnx及PGTVnd均为69.96~73.92 Gy、PTV-1为60~66 Gy、PTV-2为54~56 Gy,共分割33次。化疗方案：顺铂80 mg/m2,静滴,3周为1个周期,每个周期的首日使用,共2个周期;放疗的第1天给予尼妥珠单抗（泰欣生）100 mg,每周1次,共8周。随访观察患者治疗的临床疗效、耐受性及安全性。结果 40例患者均按计划完成治疗,所有患者至少随访24个月,随访率100%,在随访期内1例局部进展。治疗后6个月评价,鼻咽病灶和淋巴结的有效率均为97.5%。治疗期间发生Ⅲ级骨髓抑制9例,Ⅲ级口腔黏膜炎8例,无Ⅳ级毒副反应发生。结论 三维适形调强放疗同步顺铂化疗联合分子靶向药物尼妥珠单抗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效显著,耐受性及安全性良好,值得临床推广应用。     

t(15;17) Hypergranular Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (M3) Developing into a t(3;6) M3 without t(15;17) at Relapse

This report describes a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) M3. At diagnosis. the specific t(15;17) translocation was observed. After chemotherapy including retinoic acid. a complete remission was achieved and the karyotype became normal. At relapse of the M3 leukemia, the t(15;17) clone was no longer observed but a t(3;6) translocation was then detected. Several hypotheses for this unusual cytogenetic course of APL are discussed.     

Galectin-3 and cancer (Review)

Galectin-3 is a pleiotropic carbohydrate-binding protein involved in a variety of normal and pathological biological processes. Its carbohydrate-binding properties constitute the basis for cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and cancer progression. Modulation of galectin-3 expression in cancer cells has indeed been reported. These observations lead to the recognition of galectin-3 as a diagnostic/prognostic marker for specific cancer types, such as thyroid and prostate. This review discusses the expression and cellular localization of galectin-3 in cancer cells, as well as its numerous functions in cancer cell biology, including cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix interactions, growth regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and mRNA splicing.     

Periampullary localized pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-3 (PanIN-3): evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography (MRCP)

Background

The early determination of premalignant lesions of pancreas can prevent unnecessary excessive surgical procedures and can reduce morbidity and mortality. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-3 (PanIN-3) is a preinvasive form of adenocarcinoma (carcinoma in situ). PanINs have not taken place in the literature of radiology yet, it should be considered in differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions.

Case report

A patient with preliminary diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis who had choledocolithiasis and periampullary pancreatic cyst detected by noncontrast-enhanced (NCE) and contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP) is presented. Pathological examination results of gallbladder and pancreatic cyst were reported as gallbladder adenocarcinoma and PanIN-3, respectively.

Conclusions

Pancreatic cystic lesions with thin septa which enhances slightly with the administration of contrast material may represent PanIN-3. In patients with cystic pancreatic lesion localized at periampullary region, using CE-MRCP together with NCE-MRCP could be useful in the evaluation of pancreatic cystic masses as well as other abdominal pathologies.     

Somatic glypican 3 (GPC3) mutations in Wilms' tumour

Tumour and normal tissue from 41 male cases of Wilms' tumour were screened to determine the presence of sequence variants in the glypican 3 (GPC3) gene. Two non-conservative single base changes were present in tumour tissue only. These findings imply a possible role for GPC3 in Wilms' tumour development.     

Expression of glypican 3 (GPC3) in embryonal tumors

Embryonal tumors, such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and Wilms' tumor, have their peak incidence in the first 4 years of life. These neoplasias exhibit genetic and clinical heterogeneity, but little is known about their molecular pathogenesis. Application of the differential-display PCR approach led to the identification of a gene, glypican 3 (GPC3), that is differentially expressed in cancer cells. Expression of this gene is usually limited to fetal mesodermal tissue, and its inactivation has been found to be responsible for the X-linked Simpson-Golabi-Behmel overgrowth syndrome. Here, we show that GPC3 mRNA is present in several neuroblastomas and all Wilms' tumors tested to date but not in medulloblastoma. GPC3 was not expressed in normal kidney tissues obtained from the corresponding Wilms' tumor patients, suggesting that in these cancer cells expression was not repressed (or was activated). No correlation was found between expression of GPC3 and the known indicator of neuroblastoma prognosis MYCN mRNA. However, all samples that expressed GPC3 also expressed IGF-II, coding for a growth factor important in the survival and growth of many cancer types. Although the biological significance of this relationship remains unclear, our results suggest that GPC3 may be implicated in the development of embryonal tumors through a signaling pathway that appears to involve IGF-II.     

Prevention of diabetes-promoted colorectal cancer by (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and (n-3) PUFA mimetic

The global obesity / diabetes epidemic has resulted in robust increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Epidemiological, animal and human studies have indicated efficacy of (n-3) PUFA in chemoprevention of sporadic and genetic-driven CRC. However, diabetes-promoted CRC presents a treatment challenge that surpasses that of sporadic CRC. This report analyzes the efficacy of (n-3) PUFA generated by the fat-1 transgene that encodes an (n-6) to (n-3) PUFA desaturase, and of synthetic (n-3) PUFA mimetic (MEDICA analog), to suppress CRC development in carcinogen-induced diabetes-promoted animal model. Carcinogen-induced CRC is shown here to be promoted by the diabetes context, in terms of increased aberrant crypt foci (ACF) load, cell proliferation and epithelial dedifferentiation, being accompanied by increase in the expression of HNF4α, β-catenin, and β-catenin-responsive genes. Incorporating the fat-1 transgene in the diabetes context, or oral MEDICA treatment, resulted in ameliorating the diabetic phenotype and in abrogating CRC, with decrease in ACF load, cell proliferation and the expression of HNF-4α, β-catenin, and β-catenin-responsive genes. The specificity of (n-3) PUFA in abrogating CRC development, as contrasted with enhancing CRC by (n-6) PUFA, was similarly verified in CRC cell lines. These findings may indicate prospective therapeutic potential of (n-3) PUFA or MEDICA in the management of CRC, in particular diabetes-promoted CRC.     

Advanced age and high initial WBC influence the outcome of inv(3) (q21q26)/t(3;3) (q21;q26) positive AML

AML with inv(3)/t(3;3) are generally considered of having a poor prognosis. For further insight in this rare entity the outcome of 65 inv(3)/t(3;3) positive AML cases were examined with special emphasis on patient and disease related factors at diagnosis. Survival data were available from 35 patients. A hematological CR was achieved in 16/35 patients (46%). Eight patients (50%) relapsed. The median duration of remission was 177 days. Probability of OS was 23% at 2 years. Advanced age and high initial WBC count were associated with shorter OS (p = 0.021 and p = 0.005, respectively). Loss of chromosome 7 was the most frequent additional aberration (n = 34; 52%), followed complex aberrant aberrations (n = 5). Cases with monosomy 7 or the presence of FLT3-length mutations (FLT3-LM)—detected in 13% of cases—were not associated with an even more inferior outcome. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation, performed in 12 cases, resulted in a probability of OS of 62% at 2 years. Our data (1) confirm that inv(3)/t(3;3) AML has a poor prognosis (2) show that age and initial WBC are risk factors for prognosis; (3) suggest that this group may benefit from allogeneic stem cell transplantation.