慢性鼻窦炎患者经鼻内镜手术前后嗅觉变化

我国尤其是北方地区鼻部疾病的发病率很高，其中鼻窦慢性炎症可对嗅觉功能产生直接或间接的不良影响：是引起嗅觉障碍最常见的病因之一。目前功能性鼻内镜手术（function endoscopic sinus surgery，FESS）已经被广泛应用于慢性鼻窦炎的治疗，为慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉障碍的改善创造了良好的条件。     

鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者鼻内镜手术后嗅觉功能障碍转归因素分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜手术后慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉所致嗅觉障碍的治疗效果,及可能影响嗅觉恢复各因素的作用.方法 采用五味试嗅液检测法对79例慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者在鼻内镜手术前及术后第4周、第12周、第24周进行嗅觉功能测试,将检测资料进行统计学分析.结果 ①患者总体嗅觉水平术后3次检测结果与术前均有统计学差异(P＜0.01);术后3次检测结果间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).②病情分级对鼻内镜术后嗅觉恢复影响有统计学意义,其标准化偏回归系数为0.325.结论 ①手术后 4 周内患者嗅觉功能较术前即有明显改善,术后1～6个月嗅觉变化不明显.②在病情分级、病程、过敏史、吸烟等九项嗅觉功能相关因素中,只有病情分级对鼻内镜术后嗅觉恢复的影响有意义.     

影响慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜术后嗅觉改善的因素

目的 :探讨影响慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜术后嗅觉改善的有关因素。方法 :4 4例伴有嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者在内镜手术后半年 ,对其性别、分型分期、病变部位、过敏因素、嗅觉障碍时间、随访等因素进行logistic回归分析。 结果 :分型分期 (病变严重程度 )、过敏、随访等 3个因素对内镜术后嗅觉能否改善有显著影响 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而性别、病变部位和嗅觉障碍时间则无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :为了使慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者术后嗅觉功能尽可能地恢复 ,在内镜手术彻底清除病变的基础上 ,积极治疗变应性鼻炎和定期随访是十分重要的     

功能性鼻内镜手术对慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉的影响

目的研究慢性鼻窦炎伴嗅觉障碍患者行功能性鼻内镜手术前后嗅觉功能的改变,探讨慢性鼻窦炎嗅觉功能与鼻内镜手术的关系,并用透射电镜观察手术对嗅区黏膜超微结构的影响,为临床治疗慢性鼻窦炎患者的嗅觉障碍提供理论依据。方法对慢性鼻窦炎伴嗅觉功能障碍患者行功能性鼻内镜手术,于术前及术后6个月观察嗅觉功能变化并切取嗅区黏膜于透射电镜下观察超微结构。结果术后嗅觉及嗅上皮的超微结构均有不同程度的改善,主观嗅觉改善率为97%;异常超微结构由术前的100%降为20%。结论炎症导致的嗅上皮细胞由表及里各层的超微结构异常与嗅觉功能减退有关。功能性鼻内镜手术改善通气功能后及黏膜炎性反应消除后,随着嗅上皮超微结构的恢复,嗅觉也会有不同程度的改善。     

鼻内镜治疗慢性鼻窦炎嗅觉障碍的临床病理学研究

目的探讨鼻内镜治疗慢性鼻窦炎嗅觉障碍的临床疗效与嗅黏膜病理学变化的关系。方法对52例(104侧)嗅觉障碍病人行功能性鼻内镜手术(FESS),同时辅助药物治疗,并对治疗前后嗅黏膜进行了组织学观察及统计学分析。结果104侧嗅黏膜术前均发现有病理组织学的改变,以嗅细胞的减少占首位,为73%(73/100);其次是嗅上皮萎缩,为49%(49/100);4侧呼吸上皮化生。Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型相比术前嗅细胞减少、嗅上皮萎缩,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访6个月,嗅觉恢复66.3%,嗅觉改善23.1%,为嗅上皮正常或轻中度病变者;嗅觉无变化10.6%,为嗅上皮中重度病变和呼吸上皮化生者。各临床分型于术前、术后在嗅细胞减少、嗅上皮萎缩,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论慢性鼻窦炎分型与嗅上皮病理学变化明显相关,嗅细胞减少、嗅上皮萎缩是嗅觉障碍的病理学基础,鼻内镜技术是治疗嗅觉障碍的有效方法,药物治疗明显提高疗效。     

伴有嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜术后嗅觉及生活质量转归的研究

目的 探讨伴有嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)(伴有/不伴有鼻息肉)患者经鼻内镜手术后嗅觉的转归及其生活质量(QOL)的改善情况。 方法 伴有嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者44例,其中伴有鼻息肉的患者33例,不伴有鼻息肉的患者11例,于术前行鼻部CT检查(冠状位+矢状位),Lund-Mackay CT评分,并分别于术前、术后4周及12周行T& T嗅觉测试、嗅觉VSA评分及鼻腔鼻窦结局测试(SNOT-20)。 结果 术后4周嗅觉T& T测试59.5%的患者嗅觉有改善,术后12周73.0%的患者嗅觉有改善。术后4周嗅觉vas评分有77.3%的患者嗅觉有改善,术后12周86.4%的患者嗅觉有改善。统计学显示嗅觉T& T测试及嗅觉VAS评分术后4周及12周的得分较术前明显改善(P<0.000 1),术后4周及12周差异无统计学意义(P=0.720,0.147)。SNOT-20评分术前与术后4周及12周均有统计学差异(P<0.000 1),术后4周与12周差异无统计学意义(P=0.055)。术前Lund-Mackay CT评分与T& T嗅觉测试、嗅觉VAS评分呈正相关(r=0.569,P<0.000 1;r=0.782,P<0.000 1)。 结论 鼻内镜术后患者嗅觉及QOL均明显改善,术后4周与12周改善程度差异无统计学意义。患者术前病变范围与嗅觉障碍程度呈正比。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者嗅觉障碍影响因素分析

目的：探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）患者嗅觉障碍的影响因素。方法：采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）对270例诊断明确的CRS患者的嗅觉障碍程度进行评分,分为嗅觉障碍影响生活质量组（VAS〉5）及未影响生活质量组（VAS≤5）。通过对患者年龄、性别、伴鼻息肉、伴变应性鼻炎、有吸烟史及前期鼻部手术史等临床因素及血清总IgE水平、外周血嗜酸粒细胞和单个核细胞个数等进行分析,在组间进行Mann-Whitney U分析,采用多变量Logistic回归模型对嗅觉障碍的影响因素进行相关性分析。结果：在嗅觉障碍影响生活质量组中伴鼻息肉、伴变应性鼻炎、有前期手术史的患者数量及血清总IgE水平、水肿评分均明显高于未影响生活质量组（均P〈0.05）;性别、年龄、吸烟史、伴鼻中隔偏曲及外周血嗜酸粒细胞数、单个核细胞数在2组患者之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。多因素Logisitic分析发现血清总IgE增高、水肿评分高是影响嗅觉的危险性因素（OR=1.003、2.483,均P〈0.01）;而前期鼻部手术史是一个保护因素（OR=0.408,P〈0.01）。结论：严重的鼻腔水肿、血清总IgE增高是患者出现严重嗅觉障碍的危险因素,前期鼻部手术则是保护性因素。     

药物治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎嗅觉障碍的疗效观察

目的 观察药物治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎嗅觉障碍的疗效。方法 对本院2006年1月～2008年8月26例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（不伴鼻息肉）嗅觉障碍患者进行回顾性分析。减充血剂、抗炎、抗感染、黏液促排药物治疗20例,在此基础上给予全身激素及营养神经治疗5例,全身激素、营养神经及抗病毒治疗1例。治疗前后行嗅觉测试、鼻窦CT和鼻内镜检查。结果 本组26患者中24例治愈,治愈率92.00％,平均治疗时间25.64d。结论 以嗅觉障碍为主诉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎,根据病因,选择正确的治疗方案,可获满意治疗效果。     

慢性鼻窦炎相关嗅觉功能障碍研究进展

嗅觉功能障碍是慢性鼻窦炎患者最主要的临床症状之一,严重影响患者的生活质量。随着经济水平发展和社会进步,慢性鼻窦炎患者对嗅觉功能改善的诉求也有进一步的提升,如何评估慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉障碍的严重程度以及选择合适有效的治疗方式成为鼻科医生面对的临床问题。据此,重点阐述慢性鼻窦炎相关嗅觉功能障碍的主客观评估以及治疗方面取得的进展,希冀促进更多鼻科医生关注慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉障碍问题,提高嗅觉障碍的诊疗水平。     

慢性鼻窦炎与嗅觉障碍

鼻 鼻窦炎性病变是引起嗅觉障碍的最常见原因之一〔1〕。基础研究表明 ,鼻窦慢性炎症可对嗅觉功能产生直接或间接的不良影响。而在临床治疗方面 ,鼻内窥镜外科 (ｅｎｄｏｓｃｏｐｉｃｓｉｎｕｓｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ ,ＥＳＳ)技术的应用为慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉障碍的改善创造了良好条件     

Fibromyalgia and chronic rhinosinusitis: outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery

BACKGROUND: Limited clinical research exists concerning surgical outcomes for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and comorbid fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with CRS and concurrent fibromyalgia experience quality-of-life (QOL) improvement after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and whether this improvement is similar to that seen in patients without fibromyalgia. METHODS: An adult (> or =18 years of age) population (n = 283) with medically refractory CRS was assessed using two disease-specific QOL instruments: the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) and the Chronic Sinusitis Survey (CSS). A nested case-control analysis of matched subjects (n = 18) with and without fibromyalgia was performed to compare pre- and postoperative QOL. RESULTS: Improvement in postoperative QOL was found in patients with CRS and comorbid fibromyalgia (p < or = 0.004). After controlling for age, gender, and disease severity, this improvement was similar to that seen in patients without fibromyalgia for all RSDI subscales as well as the CSS total and CSS symptom subscales. Patients with fibromyalgia reported significantly less improvement on the CSS medication subscale than patients without fibromyalgia (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: Patients with CRS and comorbid fibromyalgia showed similar improvements in QOL after ESS when compared with patients without fibromyalgia when controlling for age, gender, and disease severity.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者症状学特点及内镜鼻窦手术后主要症状的转归

目的：探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的症状学特点及内镜鼻窦手术前后患者主观症状的变化。方法：采用视觉模拟量表对119例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者（52例不伴鼻息肉和67例伴鼻息肉）的鼻塞、头昏（头痛）、面部疼痛（胀满感）、嗅觉障碍和鼻分泌物（后鼻漏）5个主要症状进行评分,比较内镜鼻窦手术前和手术后12个月评分的变化。结果：伴和不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者出现最多的症状均依次为鼻塞、鼻分泌物（后鼻漏）、头昏（头痛）、面部疼痛（胀满感）和嗅觉障碍。不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者较伴鼻息肉者鼻分泌物评分显著增高（P〈0．01）,但嗅觉障碍评分者显著降低（P〈0．01）。在最令人困扰的症状方面,不伴鼻息肉和伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者分别是鼻分泌物（后鼻漏）和嗅觉障碍。术后伴鼻息肉和不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者各个症状出现的频率和评分均较术前显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论：伴鼻息肉和不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者症状学具有不同的特点,内镜鼻窦手术可以显著改善患者的主观症状,视觉模拟量表评估患者的主观症状是一简便、易于开展的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效主观评估方法。     

鼻内镜术后不同填塞材料对术后黏膜转归的影响

目的 探讨鼻内镜手术后,鼻腔不同填塞材料对慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻窦术腔黏膜转归的影响。 方法 对入选的167例鼻窦炎患者按填塞材料的不同分为纳吸棉组(A组,n=93)和膨胀海绵组(B组,n=74)。两组患者均执行同样的入院前治疗,由同一高年资医师手术,并给予相同的术后用药及复查换药周期安排,通过比较视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、术前Lund-Mackay鼻窦CT评分、术后鼻内镜Lund-Kennedy评分,比较两组术后鼻窦术腔黏膜恢复情况。 结果 A、B组间术前Lund-Mackay、VAS和Lund-Kennedy分值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组Lund-Kennedy术后评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且各时间点A组分值低于B组(P<0.01);两组VAS术后不同时间点评分组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),术后4周及12周均显示A组评分低于B组,A组症状后期改善更佳。A组5例、B组7例12周时术腔局部水肿明显,囊泡增生,组织重塑不良,有息肉复发迹象,结合术后病理,给予个体化治疗方案等处理后,黏膜修复明显改善。 结论 鼻内镜术后纳吸棉填塞可促进术腔黏膜良性转归过程。     

Olfactory changes after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Objective

To address the controversy over whether olfactory function is improved or not after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with eosinophilic (ECRS) and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (non-ECRS).

Methods

Between June 2006 and March 2012, 89 adult patients with CRS underwent ESS at Hyogo College of Medicine. There were 55 men and 34 women with a mean age of 53 years old, ranging from 23 to 79 years. The average follow-up period was 10.7 months (3–24) after ESS. Peripheral blood examination, sinonasal CT imaging, and four kinds of olfaction tests [self-administered olfaction test (SAOQ), visual analog scale (VAS), T&T recognition threshold tests (T&T) and intravenous olfaction test using prosultiamine] were performed. We diagnosed ECRS when (i) symptoms of nasal congestion and olfactory disorder, (ii) bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), (iii) peripheral blood eosinophilia (>7.0%), and (iv) ethmoid sinus dominant opacification in preoperative CT findings (i.e. ethmoid sinuses (E) were more bilaterally occupied than those of maxillary sinuses (M), E/M ≥ 1), were completely fulfilled. We divided the patients into two groups of ECRS (group A) and non-ECRS (group B). Olfaction tests before operation, and at the 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th month postoperation were analyzed. The severity and therapeutic evaluation of olfaction were based on criteria of T&T recognition thresholds.

Results

The mean SAOQ and VAS scores showed significant improvement within 6 months after ESS in both group A and group B. In total, the improvement rates were 52.0% (26/50) at 3 months, 58.5% (24/41) at 6 months, 40.5% (15/37) at 12 months, and 41.2% (7/17) at 24 months. The significant improvement of T&T recognition thresholds in group B was maintained for 24 months, whereas those in group A, showing transient improvement, deteriorated after 12 months or more. A significant difference in postoperative T&T recognition between groups A and B was found at the 12th postoperative month. In both A and B, 84% of patients had a response to prosultiamine (positive group) in the preoperative stage. T&T thresholds in the positive group were significantly better that those in the negative groups in the postoperative stage.

Conclusion

Olfactory disorders due to ECRS showed transient improvement that deteriorated as time passed after surgery. The olfaction in the non-ECRS patients recovered comparatively well. Postoperative olfactory results were unfavorable in patients without a preoperative reaction to prosultiamine.     

Subjective improvement of olfactory function after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on subjective olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.Materials and methods Prospective collection of data on consecutive patients undergoing FESS after failing prolonged medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis at a tertiary institution. Patients were asked to grade their olfactory dysfunction from 0 to 10, with 0 representing normal function and 10 complete anosmia. In addition, data such as computed tomography scores, presence or absence of nasal polyps, and the presence or absence of asthma were recorded and analyzed. Patients were followed up to 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: Data were collected on 178 patients who had sinus surgery over a 2-year period. The average olfactory dysfunction score before surgery was 4.9. This improved to 0.9 at 1 year after surgery (P =.00). Higher computed tomography scores as per Lund and MacKay correlated with higher olfactory dysfunction scores (r = 0.62, P <.01) and greater improvement after surgery (r = 0.82, P <.01). Asthmatics and patients with polyps had higher subjective olfactory dysfunction scores than nonasthmatics and patients without polyps (6.8 and 7.2 v 4.4 and 4.1, respectively). All groups had subjective improvement at 1 year (2.3 and 1.5 v 0.6 and 0.7, respectively; P =.00). CONCLUSION: Patients with subjective olfactory dysfunction despite appropriate medical management for rhinosinusitis benefit from FESS.