胃癌组织Maspin,uPA,MMP-7表达的意义

目的:观察胃癌及正常胃黏膜Maspin,uPA, MMP-7表达的意义．方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测胃管状腺癌30 例,胃印戒细胞癌30例,正常胃黏膜组织20例中Maspin,uPA,MMP-7的表达情况．结果:在胃管状腺癌中Maspin,uPA,MMP-7 阳性表达率分别为50％,70％和80％;胃印戒细胞癌中阳性表达率分别为46．7％,76．7％和 90％;正常胃黏膜组织中阳性表达率分别为 90％,35％和30％．Maspin的表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移相关,而与肿块的大小和TNM分期无关．uPA和MMP-7的表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期相关,而与肿块的大小无关．Maspin的表达与uPA和MMP-7的表达呈负相关(P=0．012,r=-0．322;P=0．008,r= -0．341);uPA的表达与MMP-7的表达呈正相关 (P=0．034,r=0．274)．结论:Maspin在胃癌中表达下调,uPA和 MMP-7在胃癌中过表达,他们在胃癌的浸润转移中起重要作用,可作为反应胃癌病理生物学行为的有效指标．     

胃癌患者胃黏膜组织中CDC25A、CerbB-2及P27的表达及作用机制分析

[目的]研究胃癌患者胃黏膜组织中CDC25A、CerbB-2及P27的表达及作用机制。[方法]选取从2016年3月～2018年3月我院收治的胃癌患者100例进行研究,作为胃癌组。另取同期于我院进行胃镜检查的胃炎患者100例为对照组。分别采集2组患者的胃黏膜组织,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测CDC25A、CerbB-2及P27的表达情况,并分析上述各项指标表达情况与胃癌患者临床病理特征的关系。[结果]胃癌组织中的CDC25A、CerbB-2阳性率相比对照组较高,而P27阳性率相比对照组较低(均P0.05)。TNM分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、分化程度为中高分化、无淋巴结转移的胃黏膜组织CDC25A阳性率相比TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、分化程度为低分化、有淋巴结转移的胃黏膜组织较低(均P0.05)。有淋巴结转移为黏膜组织CerbB-2阳性率相比无淋巴结转移胃黏膜组织较高(均P0.05)。TNM分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、分化程度为中高分化、无淋巴结转移的胃黏膜组织P27阳性率相比TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、分化程度为低分化、有淋巴结转移的胃黏膜组织较高(均P0.05)。[结论]胃癌患者CDC25A、CerbB-2存在明显高表达,而P27存在显著低表达,且CDC25A、P27表达情况与胃癌患者的TNM分期、分化程度以及淋巴结转移存在密切相关,CerbB-2仅与淋巴结转移有关。     

大肠癌组织中生长抑素和血管内皮生长因子-C的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨大肠癌组织中生长抑素（SS）和血管内皮生长因子-C（VEGF-C）的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测60例大肠癌组织及20例正常大肠黏膜组织中SS蛋白和VEGF-C蛋白的表达，采用VEGF-C受体FLT-4阳性脉管标记淋巴管计数，分析SS与大肠癌淋巴管生成、转移的关系。结果SS蛋白表达阳性率在大肠癌组及正常大肠黏膜组分别为37．7％和65％，VEGF-C在癌及正常组阳性表达率分别为60％和30％，差别均有显著性；SS表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、淋巴管侵犯及远处转移密切相关，与浆面膜受累无关；VEGF-C表达与肿瘤淋巴结转移，淋巴管侵犯及远处转移密切相关，而与肿瘤分化和浆面膜受累无关；大肠癌组织中SS和VEGF-C蛋白表达呈显著负相关。结论SS可能通过对VEGF-C／FLT-4信号通路的阻滞而抑制大肠癌淋巴管生成及转移。     

MTAl蛋白在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

应用免疫组化SP法检测67例胃癌、31例癌旁非典型增生及20例正常胃黏膜组织的MTAl蛋白表达，分析其与胃癌发生发展、浸润转移的关系。结果显示，MTAl蛋白在正常胃黏膜、癌旁非典型增生和胃癌组织中的表达率分别为5．00％、22．58％和67．16％，组间比较均有统计学差异（P均〈0．05）；MTAl蛋白表达与胃癌浸润程度、分化程度及淋巴结转移密切相关（P均〈0．05）。提示MTAl参与胃癌的发生发展。     

胃癌发生过程中凋亡基因Survivin与Fas表达及其与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的探讨凋亡基因Survivin、Fas在胃癌发生过程中的表达、临床意义及和幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的关系。方法采用分子原位杂交分别检测12例正常胃黏膜、22例浅表性胃炎、25例肠上皮化生、37例异型增生及52例胃癌组织中的Survivin-mRNA和Fas-mRNA表达，并检测患者Hp感染状况。结果Survivin-mRNA在肠上皮化生、异型增生组和胃癌组织中的阳性率分别为28．0％、43．2％和69．2％。胃癌组明显高于肠化和异型增生组（P〈0．01；P〈0．05）。胃癌组Fas-mRNA阳性率为36．5％，显著低于对照组和异型增生组（P均〈0．01）。Survivin-mRNA在高分化、中分化和低分化及未分化型胃癌组织中阳性率呈现递增趋势，而且其表达和淋巴结转移、远处转移密切相关。Fas-mRNA阳性率在高、中和低分化及未分化型胃癌患者中呈现递减趋势，且其表达和淋巴结转移密切相关。异型增生患者Survivin-mRNA表达与Hp感染之间呈明显正相关（P〈0．01）。相关回归分析显示胃癌患者各病理分期中Survivin-mRNA与Fas-mRNA表达呈负相关。结论在胃黏膜癌变过程中，Survivin的表达和作用逐渐上调，而Fas的表达和作用逐渐下调，而且在癌前病变组织中Survivin表达和Hp感染有密切关系；在胃癌组织中Survivin和Fas的表达呈负相关。     

胃癌组织中肝素酶和血管内皮生长因子-C的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中肝素酶和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）-C蛋白表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测97例原发性胃癌组织、癌旁组织及20例正常胃黏膜组织中肝素酶和VEGFC蛋白的表达，并分析其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果胃癌组织肝素酶和VEGF—C蛋白表达阳性率分别为61．9％和66．0％，显著高于癌旁组织的7．2％和5．0％，正常胃组织的8．3％和5．0％（P值均〈0．01）；肝素酶表达与肿瘤分化程度无关，但与肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、静脉侵犯、淋巴管侵犯、远处转移、浆膜面受累和TNM分期等密切相关；VEGF—C表达与肿瘤直径、分化程度、静脉侵犯及远处转移等无关，但与淋巴结转移、淋巴管侵犯、浆膜面受累和TNM分期等密切相关；肝素酶和VEGF—C阳性表达组术后生存率明显低于阴性组；在胃癌中肝素酶和VEGF—C阳性表达呈正相关。结论肝素酶及VEGF-C蛋白的阳性表达，可作为胃癌预后不良的参考指标。     

p27和p-ERK1/2在胃癌中的表达和意义

目的 探讨p27和p-ERK1／2在胃癌中的表达，意义及二者可能的相互关系。方法 免疫组织化学（SP）法检测46例胃癌组织及10例正常胃黏膜中p27和p-ERK1／2的表达。结果 ①胃癌组织中p27阳性表达率28．3％（13／46）明显低于正常胃黏膜组织90％（9／10），其表达水平和组织分化程度、胃壁浸润深度、淋巴结转移等有关。②胃癌组织中p-ERK1／2的阳性表达率47．8％（22／46）明显高于正常胃黏膜组织10％（1／10），其表达水平和胃壁浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期等有关。③胃癌组织中p27和p-ERK1／2的表达呈明显负相关。结论 ERK1／2基因的活化可以调节p27的表达，二者与胃癌发生发展有关。     

生存素在胃癌及其癌前病变中的表达和临床意义

背景:生存素(survivin)是凋亡抑制蛋白家族的成员,在胃癌和癌前病变中可能有一定程度的表达,对胃癌和癌前病变的诊断有相当重要的意义。目的:探讨生存素在不同胃黏膜病变中的表达,以及胃癌组织中生存素的表达与胃癌临床病理参数的关系,以阐明生存素在胃癌发生中的作用和临床意义。方法:分别应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT鄄PCR)和免疫组化法检测生存素mRNA和蛋白在慢性非萎缩性胃炎、胃癌前病变和胃癌组织中的表达,分析胃癌组织中生存素的表达与胃癌临床病理参数的关系。结果:慢性非萎缩性胃炎、胃癌前病变和胃癌组织中生存素mRNA的表达率分别为2.5%、25.0%和59.6%,生存素蛋白的表达率分别为0%、15.0%和51.9%,三组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肿瘤累及浆膜层、有局部淋巴结转移和TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期胃癌患者癌组织中生存素mRNA和蛋白的表达率分别显著高于肿瘤未累及浆膜层、无淋巴结转移和TNM分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ期者(P<0.05)。结论:生存素在胃癌中有较高的表达率,其表达与胃癌的浸润深度、局部淋巴结转移和TNM分期相关。生存素基因可能参与了正常胃黏膜、癌前病变至胃癌的转化过程,可作为胃癌的独立预后指标。     

胃癌VEGF-D、MMP-2的表达与淋巴结转移的关系

目的检测血管内皮生长因子D（vascular endothelial growth factor-D,VEGF-D）、基质金属蛋白酶-2（matrix metalloprotein-ase-2,MMP-2）在胃癌中的表达情况,探讨它们在胃癌发生淋巴结转移中的作用和意义。方法应用免疫组化SABC法检测VEGF-D、MMP-2在正常胃黏膜及胃癌组织中的表达情况。结果VEGF-D在正常胃黏膜中阴性表达,在胃癌组织中阳性表达率为41.3%（P〈0.01）,MMP-2在正常胃黏膜细胞中阳性表达率为15%,在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为54.0%（P〈0.01）。VEGF-D阳性表达率在有淋巴结转移组为61.3%,显著高于无淋巴结转移组（21.9%）,MMP-2阳性表达率在有淋巴结转移组（77.4%）显著高于无淋巴结转移组（31.3%）。此外,VEGF-D、MMP-2的阳性表达与胃癌的组织学分级、浸润深度密切相关,VEGF-D的阳性表达与MMP-2的阳性表达密切相关。结论VEGF-D、MMP-2在胃癌中的过表达可能参与了胃癌的淋巴道转移,VEGF-D可能通过增强MMP-2的表达,提高肿瘤细胞的侵袭性和转移能力。     

胃癌组织中CTGF蛋白表达及其临床意义

目的探讨结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）蛋自在胃癌发生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测10份正常胃黏膜组织、50份胃癌组织及其癌旁组织中CTGF蛋白表达情况。结果胃癌组织中CTGF阳性表达高于癌旁组织及正常胃黏膜组织,P〈0．05;癌组织CTGF阳性表达率明显高于正常黏膜组织（P〈0．01）,CTGF的高表达与胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移密切相关（P均〈0．05）;与肿瘤浸润的深度无明显关系。结论CTGF蛋白可作为胃癌前病变及胃癌早期诊断和预后判断的指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.