非典型腺细胞在宫颈及子宫内膜病变中的诊断意义

目的 探讨宫颈非典型腺细胞(atypical glandular cells,AGC)在宫颈及子宫内膜病变中的诊断意义.方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2019年12月南京医科大学附属无锡妇幼保健院病理科细胞学诊断为AGC的74例病例资料,对照相应组织病理学结果进行分析总结.结果 宫颈细胞学42438例,其中诊断为AG...     

子宫颈液基细胞学诊断非典型腺细胞的临床意义

目的探讨子宫颈细胞学诊断非典型腺细胞(atypical glandular cells,AGC)的临床意义。方法分析细胞学诊断为AGC病例的组织病理学结果,对细胞学诊断的准确性进行评估,并分析病变与患者年龄、高危HPV感染的关系。结果 AGC的发生率为0.120%(494/412 010),494例AGC中450例有病理诊断结果。450例AGC中良性128例(28.4%),病理结果异常(不典型增生及以上)322例(71.6%):子宫颈鳞状上皮病变48例(14.9%)(低级别鳞状上皮内病变6例,高级别鳞状上皮内病变30例,鳞癌12例);子宫颈腺上皮病变166例(51.6%)(子宫颈腺体不典型增生6例,子宫颈原位腺癌29例,子宫颈腺癌131例);子宫内膜病变108例(33.5%)(内膜不典型增生2例,子宫内膜腺癌104例,肉瘤2例)。年龄35岁组与良性/反应性和子宫颈病变有关;年龄35～50岁组子宫颈腺上皮病变高发,绝大多数的子宫颈原位腺癌(22/29)和大多数的子宫颈腺癌(74/131)在此年龄组中被发现;年龄50岁组子宫内膜病变最常见,且侵袭性子宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌检出率最高(P0.05)。306例AGC行高危HPV-DNA检测,阳性140例(45.8%)。子宫颈鳞状上皮病变、子宫颈腺上皮病变、子宫内膜病变HPV阳性率分别为82.5%、68.9%、7.7%,高危HPV阳性和细胞学诊断为AGC可以显著增加子宫颈病变的检出率(P0.001)。结论 AGC的诊断对子宫颈和子宫内膜腺上皮病变具有重要的提示作用,年龄和高危HPV感染的情况对AGC患者的随访和管理具有重要参考意义。     

子宫内膜细胞在巴氏宫颈细胞学检查中的临床意义和处理

宫颈细胞学检查的广泛应用,已显著降低了宫颈癌,特别是宫颈鳞状细胞癌的发病率和病死率[1],然而对于子宫内膜腺癌——女性生殖道最常见的恶性肿瘤,却没有一个有效的筛查试验[2-3].2001年版The Bethesda System(TBS 2001)建议,年龄≥40岁的女性宫颈细胞学检查时,发现正常子宫内膜细胞均要报告,任何年龄妇女不典型的子宫内膜细胞要在不典型腺细胞类别下报告[4].在巴氏细胞学报告中,子宫内膜细胞通常分3种:正常子宫内膜细胞,不典型子宫内膜细胞及子宫内膜癌细胞.不同于不典型子宫内膜细胞和子宫内膜癌细胞,根据TBS 2001,正常子宫内膜细胞只有在年龄≥40岁的女性中报告.严重的子宫内膜病变在＜40岁的女性中的发生率非常低[5].     

DNA定量分析在子宫颈ASC-US患者中的分层管理作用

目的 探讨DNA定量分析在子宫颈细胞学诊断为非典型鳞状细胞,意义不明确(atypical squamous cells of unde-termined significance,ASC-US)患者分层管理中的应用价值.方法 收集经宫颈液基细胞学诊断为ASC-US的1488例患者,同时行DNA定量分析检测,并与其中39...     

从细胞病理角度分析子宫内膜细胞学检查筛查子宫内膜癌的可行性

目的 评价子宫内膜细胞学检查(endometrial cytology test,ECT)诊断子宫内膜癌及其癌前病变的准确性,从细胞学角度分析其作为子宫内膜癌筛查手段的可行性.方法 收集2015年1月 ～2018年9月安徽医科大学第二附属医院同时行ECT及子宫内膜组织学检查的患者1725例,液基细胞学涂片及石蜡切片分别...     

血性/炎性涂片背景对宫颈液基细胞学诊断的影响

目的 探讨宫颈薄层液基细胞学涂片背景及其对细胞学诊断的影响.方法 回顾性分析北京市石景山医院病理科进行薄层液基细胞学检查的病例,并与活检病理诊断进行对比分析.结果绝大多数宫颈上皮病变背景干净,约8.72%的病例出现重度炎症背景,约3.15%的病例出现血性背景.鳞癌(squmaous carcinoma,SC)和腺癌(adenocarcinoma,AC)(100.00%)组、鳞状上皮内高度病变(high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,HSIL)(32.00%)组和非典型鳞状上皮、不除外高度病变(atypical squamous cells,cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,ASC-H)组(33.30%)血性/炎性背景发生率明显高于非典型鳞状上皮、意义不明确(atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance,ASCUS)组(6.30%)和鳞状上皮内低度病变(low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,LSIL)(4.76%).结论血性/炎性背景是导致宫颈上皮病变低诊断甚至漏诊的主要原因.冰醋酸溶液处理可有效清除血性背景,提高涂片质量.     

应用细胞块技术筛查非人乳头状瘤病毒依赖型宫颈原位腺癌1例

非典型小叶状宫颈腺体增生作为非人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)依赖型宫颈原位腺癌的一种组织类型, 可能源于小叶状宫颈腺体增生和简单型胃型腺体化生。本文报道1例非HPV依赖型宫颈原位腺癌(非典型小叶状宫颈腺体增生), 临床表现为长期阴道排液, HPV阴性。宫颈脱落细胞学检查镜下见富腺细胞, 排列拥挤、重叠, 胞质丰富透亮、部分稠厚、个别略呈淡黄色, 核略大、可见嗜酸性小核仁, 判读为非典型腺细胞, 无具体指定, 其细胞块及宫颈管搔刮中黏液腺体胞质同步呈现免疫组织化学MUC6弥漫强阳性并特殊染色阿辛蓝-过碘酸雪夫(AB-PAS)染色玫红显色模式, 提示存在胃型分化腺体。全子宫标本中宫颈管近内口距表层4.5 mm间质见非典型小叶状宫颈腺体增生。免疫表型:Ki-67阳性指数约5%, DPC4弥漫强阳性, p53野生型模式, PAX2小叶状腺体阳性、非典型腺体弱阳性, p16阴性;MUC6、AB-PAS与细胞块表达模式一致。回顾其诊疗经过并复习相关文献, 有助于宫颈胃型腺癌及癌前病变的筛查与诊断。     

细胞模块技术在宫颈阴道病变液基细胞学检查中的应用

目前宫颈薄层液基细胞学检查已广泛用于宫颈癌筛查,与传统涂片相比具有较大优越性,但仍存在一定漏诊率,部分实验室仍存着较高的非典型鳞状上皮细胞无明确意义(atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance,ASCUS)诊断率,如何增加诊断准确性和减少漏诊率是目前较为关注的问题.本文通过把妇科细胞学液基残余标本制做细胞模块进行石蜡切片诊断取得较好效果,现介绍如下.     

非典型腺细胞在宫颈细胞学筛查中的临床意义

目的依据宫颈细胞学筛查分析非典型腺细胞(AGC)和高危人乳头状瘤病毒(HR-HPV)及组织学特征, 探讨AGC诊断的临床价值和处理方法。方法我们对2017年1月至2020年12月诊断为AGC的140位患者的宫颈组织学、子宫内膜组织学及HR-HPV检测结果进行了回顾性分析。通过宫颈活检、宫颈管搔刮、宫颈锥切、分段诊断刮宫和子宫切除标本等几种途径, 我们获得了组织学标本, 并采用卡方检验分析各年龄组患有鳞状上皮病变与腺上皮病变患者的HPV检出率。结果 AGC的检出率为0.05%(140/268 614)。在140位AGC患者中有99例获得有效随访, 其中包括慢性宫颈炎15例、子宫内膜良性病变4例、低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)12例、高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)21例、宫颈腺癌19例、子宫内膜癌22例、转移癌2例、鳞状细胞癌(SCC)4例。在99例患者中, 年龄>40岁患者为89例, 其HSIL阳性检出率为(19.1%), 低于年龄≤40岁患者(40.0%)的检出率, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05), 并且其HSIL阳性的检出率明显高于子宫内膜病变的检出率。此外, 年龄...     

1747例宫颈阴道病变筛查结果分析

目的 探讨膜式液基薄层细胞学检测(ThinPrep cytology test，TCT)技术在宫颈病变筛查中的价值。方法 对1747例门诊及住院患者行TCT检测。细胞学检查阳性者行阴道镜检查及多点活检，并行病理组织学检查。结果 1747例中51例不满意，不满意率2．92％，剩余1696例中1455例(85．79％)在正常范围内；139例(8．20％)为良性反应性改变；101例属非典型鳞状上皮细胞(atypical squamous cells，ASC)及其以上病变，检出率5．96％，其中ASC52例(3．07％)，鳞状上皮内病变(squamous intraepithelial lesion，SIL)及鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma，SCC)共40例(2．36％)，二者之比为1．30：1；低度鳞状上皮内病变(low grade squamous intraepithel iallesion，LSIL)33例(1．95％)；高度鳞状上皮内病变(high grade squamous intraepithel iallesion，HSIL)7例(0．41％)；宫颈鳞状细胞癌(SCC)4例(0．24％)。不典型腺细胞(atypical glandular cells，AGC)4例(0．24％)，腺癌(Adenocareinomal)4例(0．06％)。在微生物检测中，霉菌52例，检出率3．07％，滴虫4例，检出率0．24％。与病理组织学对照，细胞学检出15例中的LSIL11例；检出7例HSIL中的6例；检出了全部4例鳞状细胞癌；组织学证实的1例腺癌被检出。结论 TCT技术制作的薄片，细胞结构清晰，背景清朗，可明显提高标本的满意率；且具有较高的阳性检出率，与组织学对照的诊断符合率亦较高，是临床宫颈病变筛查的好方法。     

Thin-layer cytology in endometrial diagnosis

Our purpose was to test the liquid-based thin layer method on the endometrial cytology. One hundred sixty two consecutive patients before the hysterectomy (55 women because of various causes; 107 asymptomatic postmenopausal women because of prolapsed uterus) had the endometrial cytology (all women) and the biopsy (107 postmenopausal women prolapsed uterus affected). Cytohistologic concordance was 98%: all endometrial neoplasms and atypical hyperplasia (10 cases) and 15 of the 18 (83%) simple hyperplasias were diagnosed by thin layer endometrial cytology. In asymptomatic postmenopausal women cytology gave sufficient material for the diagnosis significantively more often than endometrial biopsy (respectively 82% and 24%; p = 0.000).     

9012例子宫颈液基细胞学诊断结果分析

目的探讨液基薄层细胞(TCT)检查在宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查中的应用价值。方法回顾分析开县人民医院9 012例宫颈液基细胞学检测结果和伯塞斯达系统(TBS)分类系统结果,其中12例ASC-US、10例ASC-H、35例低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、72例高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)、2例鳞状上皮细胞癌(SCC)和6例腺细胞异常做阴道镜下病理活检,对细胞学异常结果与阴道镜下活组织检查病理诊断结果进行比较。结果 9 012例液基细胞学检测中,筛查出非典型鳞状细胞(ASC-US)以上病例285例,阳性率3.2%。液基细胞学检测与阴道镜下病理活检结果的符合率为91.24%。结论 TCT制片技术和TBS报告能较全面反映宫颈病变的情况,通过定期正规的筛查,能早期发现宫颈癌及癌前病变,从而早期治疗,阻止病变升级是预防宫颈癌的关键。     

Detection of endometrial adenocarcinoma with the ThinPrep Pap test

The ThinPrep Pap Test (Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, MA) was introduced in the Loyola University Medical Center (LUMC) Cytopathology Laboratory in March 1997. This study presents a 26-month retrospective review of the cervicovaginal specimens on all patients who had a cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma either by conventional (CS) or ThinPrep (TP) methods. From March 1997 through May 1999, 16,139 conventional smears and 29,589 TP Pap tests were sent to the LUMC cytopathology laboratory. The three diagnostic glandular categories included: atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS); suspicious for adenocarcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma, and adenocarcinoma; not otherwise specified (nos). Cytohistologic correlation was performed on all available cases. Since endometrial adenocarcinoma occurs most frequently in peri- and postmenopausal patients, the percentage of patients over the age of 50 was determined for each method; 4,669 (29%) of the women receiving a CS were age 50 or over and 6,839 (23%) of the women who received the TP Pap test were in this age group. Sixteen endometrial lesions were identified on cytology, one (adenocarcinoma) with the CS method and 15 (six AGUS; suspicious for adenocarcinoma, four endometrial adenocarcinomas, and five adenocarcinomas; nos) with the TP method. The one CS case had biopsy confirmation. Fourteen of the 15 TP cases (93%) were confirmed by biopsy; one (7%) case had no follow-up. The TP Pap test yielded a higher percentage of endometrial adenocarcinomas (0.05%) as compared to CS (0.01%). Traditionally, CS has not been a method for the early detection of endometrial glandular lesions. However, of the patients diagnosed as having an endometrial adenocarcinoma in this study, the TP Pap test contributed to an increase in the detection of these lesions as compared to CS. The age group for the two methods was comparable.     

Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance. Outcome predictions based on human papillomavirus testing

Cases of atypical glandular cells (AGC) diagnosed on liquid-based preparations were culled from a 3-year period. When available, residual cellular material was analyzed for human papillomavirus (HPV) by polymerase chain reaction and correlated with cytologic and histologic (biopsy) outcome. Of 178,994 cytologic cases, 187 (0.1045%) contained AGC compared with 8,740 (4.8828%) atypical squamous cells (ASC) for an AGC/ASC ratio of 0.021. HPV results and follow-up were available for 108 specimens from 106 patients. Depending on the end-point (histologic/cyto-logic), the sensitivity range of HPV testing for significant cervical disease (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [SIL], adenocarcinoma in situ [ACIS], invasive carcinoma) was 83% with a specificity range of 78% to 82%, a positive predictive value of 57% to 61%, and a negative predictive value of 91% to 95%. Fifteen false-positive results included concurrent ASC or low-grade SIL, ASC on follow-up cytology, and previous ACIS with a negative follow-up cone biopsy result. Noncervical glandular neoplasia (including atypical endometrial hyperplasia) was confirmed in 13 cases (1 recurrent), only 2 of which scored positive for HPV. HPV-positive AGC has a substantially higher positive predictive value for significant disease than ASC (61% vs historic 20%) and merits consideration in the triage of patients with atypical endocervical cells not otherwise specified. However, noncervical or other HPV-negative glandular neoplasia must be considered in all patients with AGC, particularly older patients.     

Cervicovaginal cytology in carcinosarcoma [malignant mixed mullerian (mesodermal) tumor] of the uterus.

We examined the cervicovaginal cytology (PAP) findings in a series of 21 endometrial and 2 cervical carcinosarcomas (CS) [malignant mixed mullerian (mesodermal) tumors] (MMMT). Initial cytology diagnosis was positive for cancer in 14 of 23 cases (sensitivity of 61%); however, CS was correctly identified only 2 times. The remaining 12 cancer diagnoses were carcinomas: 10 adenocarcinomas (4 endometrial, 1 cervical, and 5 adenocarcinomas not otherwise specified), 1 squamous carcinoma, and 1 poorly differentiated carcinoma. Seventeen smears were available for review, all 8 false negative, one unsatisfactory, and 8 of 14 true positive smears. One false negative smear showed rare clusters diagnostic of adenocarcinoma. The remaining 7 false negative smears showed 3 high grade squamous dysplasias (two with additional findings: one showed atypical spindle cells and the other showed endometrial stromal cells), 2 extensive repair changes, and 2 negatives. The unsatisfactory smear showed atypical spindle cells. Review of the 8 true positive smears confirmed malignant spindle cells in the two cases originally identified as CS by cytology and in 3 other cases originally identified as adenocarcinoma. Of 9 smears positive for cancer available for review, 4 showed only carcinoma cells. PAP positive for cancer was associated with high stage at presentation (P less than .025) and recurrent disease (P less than .001) (even among stage I or II patients, P less than .025). PAP positive for cancer showed no association with depth of myometrial invasion, size, grade, or histologic type of carcinosarcoma. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of consultative cytology reporting in which recommendations for appropriate biopsy are included in the report.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Microglandular endocervical hyperplasia and tubal metaplasia: Pitfalls in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma on cervical smears

The detection of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) has risen recently due to the use of new endocervical canal sampling devices, in particular the cytobrush. From April 1993–June 1994, a diagnosis of AGUS ranging from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to invasive adenocarcinoma was initially made on cervical smears from 6 women for whom histologic follow-up data were available. The purpose of this study was to determine if benign cervical glandular lesions can be reliably distinguished from adenocarcinoma on cytology. Review of the smears and histologic slides from 3 patients showed microglandular endocervical hyperplasia on cervical cone specimens. Cervical smears from 2 of these patients showed clusters of small-to-medium-sized cells with nuclei containing coarse, granular chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and engulfment of neutrophils were present, findings suggestive of endometrial adenocarcinoma. The third patient's smear showed clusters of large cells with ample, vacuolated cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei containing prominent nucleoli, findings suggestive of endocervical adenocarcinoma, In 3 cases evaluated by cervical conization, histologic slides showed tubal metaplasia. The cervical smears showed clusters and sheets of cells with round-to-oval-shaped nuclei containing evenly distributed, finely granular chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Pseudoglandular formation was present in 2 cases, a finding suggestive of AIS. Since the cytologic features of microglandular endocervical hyperplasia and tubal metaplasia overlap those of adenocarcinoma, a differential diagnosis is prudent on cytologic smears of AGUS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 16:168–173, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Micronucleus scoring: a potential adjunct for diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma on cervical samples

Micronucleus (MN) is an additional, small nucleus formed due to failure of incorporation of a fragment or the whole chromosome into the main daughter nuclei during cell division. MN scoring is a useful indicator of exposure to genotoxic agents and of malignancy. This study was conducted to know whether the MN score was significantly different in cervical cytology smears of patients with endometrial carcinoma, atypical and benign cells. Three groups of cervical smears were taken up for MN scoring: Group ‘A’ included benign endometrial cells, Group ‘B’, atypical glandular cells – endometrial and Group ‘C’, endometrial adenocarcinoma. Post hoc analysis of variance test was used to determine significant differences between the three groups. There were 30 cases in Group ‘A’, 31 cases in Group ‘B’ and 39 cases in Group ‘C’. The mean MN score was 0.67 ± 0.711 in Group A, 1.74 ± 0.930 in Group B and 4.10 ± 2.500 in Group C. MN scores were significantly different between all three groups (p < 0.05). The MN score is significantly higher in cervical smears of patients with endometrial carcinoma; as compared to smears showing atypical and benign cells and that this finding may be useful for further research.     

液基细胞学在子宫颈病变筛查中的诊断价值

目的评价液基细胞学在宫颈癌前病变早期诊断中的价值。方法采用贝塞斯达（TBS）诊断系统对3227例经宫颈／阴道液基薄层细胞学检查（TCT）的标本进行分析，部分病例经组织学对比印证。结果不典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）以上异常228例（7．1％）：ASCUS 119例（3．69％），低度上皮内瘤变（L．SIL）79例（2．44％），高度上皮内瘤变（H-SIL）18例（0．56％），鳞癌（SCC）9例（0．28％），不典型腺细胞（AGUS）3例（0．09％）。其中66例细胞异常者行病理活检，CIN2以上病变两种检测方法的符合率为92．6％（25／27）。结论液基细胞学检查为一种准确、简便的宫颈早期病变筛查方法．可作为宫颈癌防治的有效工具。     

The diagnostic value of the thinprep pap test in endometrial carcinoma: A prospective study with histological follow‐up

Case‐control studies have demonstrated that the ThinPrep Pap test may provide improved detection of endometrial carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to prospectively examine the diagnostic potential of the ThinPrep Pap test in the detection of endometrial carcinoma. ThinPrep Pap test slides were collected from high‐risk patient groups. Pap‐stained slides were reviewed and the cytological diagnosis was rendered independently by investigators. Each case was assigned to one of the four diagnostic categories: within normal limit (WNL); atypical glandular cells (AGC); atypical endometrial cells (AEC); or adenocarcinoma, probably endometrial origin. After cytological diagnosis was made, the histological follow‐up diagnosis was obtained through the laboratory information system and the cyto‐histological correlation was analyzed. Of 106 patients identified, 60 had histological follow‐up. For all eight cases interpreted by cytology as positive, endometrial carcinoma was confirmed histologically. Among 25 patients with normal endometrial cells present, histological follow‐up showed benign endometrium. Among 17 cases interpreted cytologically as AEC, 14 cases (82.4%) had benign histological follow‐up and 3 cases (17.6%) had endometrial carcinoma. All 11 cases (100%) classified as AGC had benign histological follow‐up. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting endometrial malignancy were 72.7% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 100%. In this prospective study, we demonstrated that the Thin Prep Pap test had a reasonably high sensitivity and/or specificity in detecting endometrial carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.