活血驳骨丸对内源性bFGF分泌影响的探讨

目的：分子学角度研究活血驳骨丸促进碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）内源性分泌,以了解中医药在骨折后促进机体骨折愈合的作用机理。方法：应用双抗体夹心法ELISA检测驳骨丸治疗组和对照组在骨折后不同时期的内源性bFGF含量。结果：在伤后的8、14d时驳骨丸治疗组的bFGF含量明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：活血驳骨丸可以促进内源性bFGF分泌,刺激骨折端毛细血管的生长,为骨折端提供必要的血运。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子骨诱导作用的研究进展

介绍碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对骨干细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞和血管形成的可能作用机理，及其与其它生长因子之间的相互作用。对碱性成纤维细胞生长因子骨诱导作用的研究进展进行综述。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子骨诱导作用的研究进展

介绍碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对骨干细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞和血管形成的可能作用机理,及其与其它生长因子之间的相互作用。对碱性成纤维细胞生长因子骨诱导作用的研究进展进行综述。     

磷酸钙骨水泥的改性研究进展

磷酸钙骨水泥作为一种新型人工骨替代材料 ,以其良好的生物相容性和骨传导性被广泛应用于临床骨缺损修复。但其存在固化时间较长、机械性能不足及降解缓慢等缺点 ,使其应用受到一定限制 ,故需要对其进行改性研究 ,本文就此做一综述如下     

磷酸钙骨水泥的研究和临床进展

磷酸钙骨水泥是一种极好生物相容性和生物可降解的非陶瓷型羟基磷灰石类生物材料,以被广泛应用到骨科、外科、口腔科等医学领域.本文主要介绍该材料在生物性能、操作性能及临床应用方面的研究进展.     

抗bFGF单克隆抗体的鉴定及其意义

用重组牛ｂＦＧＦ免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，通过细胞融合，以反向间接血凝和间接ＥＬＩＳＡ筛选，以及有限稀释法克隆化，建立了９株稳定分泌抗ｂＦＧＦ单克隆抗体（ｍＡｂ）杂交瘤细胞。对其中３株用Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ和生物活性抗体中和实验进行了鉴定。结果显示，ｍＡｂ可结合重组牛或人ｂＦＧＦ，并能抑制ｂＦＧＦ刺激Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ３Ｔ３细胞的生长；腹水的ＥＬＩＳＡ滴度为１∶３０００；用其中２株ｍＡｂ建立的双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法灵敏度可达５０ｐｇ／孔。本文还讨论了抗ｂＦＧＦｍＡｂ的应用价值。     

bFGF和VSMC增殖的研究进展

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）分布于正常和病理状态的血管壁,能显著促进血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖。与其它生长因子不同,ｂＦＧＦ除了激活经典的酪氨酸激酶受体后信号传导通路,还能经特异的ＨＳＰＧ受体内化后调节细胞周期,促进ＶＳＭＣ增殖。多种生长因子、细胞因子和血管活性物质参与调节ｂＦＧＦ的ＶＳＭＣ细胞增促进作用。     

磷酸钙骨水泥的生物学研究进展

本文综述了磷酸钙骨水泥作为一种新型人工骨替代材料近年来的生物学基础及提高其生物学性能的研究 ,阐明了磷酸钙骨水泥以其良好的生物学特性 ,使其在骨缺损修复领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

bFGF及其受体的研究进展

FGF家族是目前已知最大的生长因子家族之一 ,在胚胎发育、血管生成、骨的形成和修复、促进细胞增生等有广泛的作用。FGF家族的原型bFGF在体内广泛分布 ,具有很强的生物学活性 ,本文着重讨论了bFGF的生物学特性、信号传导和促进创伤愈合的作用机制     

磷酸钙骨水泥复合骨形态发生蛋白6和血管内皮生长因子修复骨缺损

背景：单独将骨形态发生蛋白或血管内皮生长因子植入体内易被血液冲刷掉而不能最大限度发挥诱导成骨和血管生成作用,同时缺少载体的支撑作用。 目的：观察骨形态发生蛋白6、血管内皮生长因子及磷酸钙骨水泥联合应用在骨缺损修复过程中的作用。 方法：制作新西兰兔双侧股骨内侧髁骨缺损模型,左侧分别植入磷酸钙骨水泥/骨形态发生蛋白6/血管内皮生长因子、磷酸钙骨水泥/骨形态发生蛋白6及磷酸钙骨水泥,右侧不植入任何物质作为空白对照。植入8,16周通过硬组织切片组织学观察、电镜扫描等手段观察新骨形成情况。 结果与结论：各组材料的组织相容性良好,未见明显炎症组织反应。植入8周时,磷酸钙骨水泥/骨形态发生蛋白6/血管内皮生长因子组骨水泥-骨组织交界处基本上被新生骨小梁包绕,材料进一步降解,新生骨小梁表面可见大量活跃的成骨细胞;16周时,新生骨小梁继续长入,进一步增长、增粗、增多,有大量新生编织骨成网格状长入材料中,骨水泥材料降解明显,与周围组织结合紧密,降解与骨长入同步,此组不同时间点成骨速度及成骨效果均明显优于其他两组材料(P < 0.05)。表明3种材料联合应用可协同促进骨缺损修复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

Tendon-to-bone healing using an injectable calcium phosphate cement combined with bone xenograft/BMP composite

Injectable calcium phosphate cement (ICPC) has been applied to enhance the tendon-to-bone healing. However, its slow degradation delays the osteointegration of grafted tendon in bone tunnels. We therefore constructed a synthetic biomaterial of ICPC combined with recombined bone xenograft granules (RBX). In this study, the first stage study demonstrated that the ICPCB contained 3 mg BMPs (ICPCB-3) obtained a porous structure. More importantly, the values of ICPCB-3 were highest in cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, expression of osteogenic genes, and newly ectopic bone-forming area (P < 0.05). Then, ICPCB-3 was used in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model. Ninety skeletal mature rabbits underwent bilateral ACL reconstructions and were assigned to 3 groups: control group, ICPC alone group, and ICPCB-3 group. Animals were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. The results showed compared with ICPC, ICPCB-3 composite markedly accelerated tendon-to-bone healing. In addition, little remnants were observed in ICPCB-3 group. Moreover, the maximum loads to failure of ICPCB-3 group was significantly higher than ICPC group at 24 weeks (P < 0.01). We conclude that the ICPCB composite, with a porous structure and better osteointegration effect, has direct clinical instruction to arthroscopic techniques of the ACL reconstruction.     

磷酸钙人工骨修复骨缺损的研究进展

继发于各类病因的大段骨缺损通常需要人工骨材料进行修复,目前常用的人工骨材料包括磷酸钙和硫酸钙基人工骨、生物活性玻璃等,以磷酸钙为主要成分的人工骨,复合其他一种或多种材料以期改善人工骨的性能是目前的研究热点。本文将总结以磷酸钙为基质的各类复合材料,包括与聚合物复合的磷酸钙材料、以磷酸钙为基质的合金材料、药物缓释材料以及骨组织工程材料在骨缺损修复中的研究进展,为以磷酸钙为基质新材料的研究奠定基础。     

Immersion behavior of gelatin-containing calcium phosphate cement

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have many favorable properties that support their clinical use as bone defect repair. However, it is difficult to deliver to the required site and hard to compact adequately due to inherently low ductility of ceramics. The aim of this study focused on the effect of the gelatin content on properties of CPCs. The diametral tensile strength, morphology, and weight loss of gelatin cements were evaluated after immersion in physiological solution, in addition to setting time. The results indicated that the setting time significantly increased with increasing gelatin amount. The 2 wt.% gelatin could make CPCs attain the maximum strength value of 2.1 MPa at 15-day immersion, while 1.6 MPa for the cement without gelatin. It is concluded that the presence of gelatin improved mechanical properties of CPCs; in particular, 2 wt.% gelatin. CPCs containing 2 wt.% gelatin hardened in an acceptable time recommended for clinical applications.     

明胶溶胀行为对自固化多孔骨水泥性能和结构的影响

目的 研究明胶溶胀行为对多孔骨水泥性能和结构的影响。方法 在α-磷酸钙骨水泥体系中加入生物明胶，研究明胶对骨水泥水化产物、抗压强度和产物微结构所产生的影响。结果利用明胶的溶胀行为与水化过程中体系pH值变化的相关性，可制备具有大孔和微孔结构的骨水泥。结论加入明胶促进羟基磷灰石的成核，提高骨水泥的抗压强度。     

Mechanical testing and osteointegration of titanium implant with calcium phosphate bone cement and autograft alternatives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteointegration of a titanium (Ti) implant with the calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and autograft prostheses by pull-out test and histological examination. Stems of sixty Ti cylinders were bilaterally inserted into femoral medullary canals in 30 rabbits at the 1st, 4th, 12th, 26th and 70th postoperative weeks. The bone autograft and CPC were filled into the pre-trimmed bone marrow cavity with a polymethyl methacrylate retarder in the distal end, and then a Ti cylinder was inserted into femurs. The CPC group was significantly (p<0.05) associated with a larger pull-out force at 4th (37%) and 12th (62%) weeks compared to the autograft group. The bone area and the bone-to-implant contact ratios of the CPC groups were significantly higher than that of the autograft groups at early healing stage. The histological exams suggest that the CPC enhanced the earlier bone formation around the implant at a period not longer than 12 weeks postoperation. We conclude that CPC graft has the higher ability to facilitate the osteointegration and stabilize the Ti implant at a relatively early stage than the autograft in vivo.     

体外模拟和体内植入实验分析磷酸钙骨水泥的降解活性

目的 研究CPC及CPC／BMP复合人工骨降解性能，寻找加快CPC降解的有效途径，方法将CPC作为BMP的载体制成CPC／BMP复合物，在体外模拟生理环境进行CPC和CPC／BMP复合物的溶解试验。通过植入小鼠肌袋和犬桡骨植入试验，观察材料在体内的降解情况和降解规律。结果BMP促进了CPC的体外溶解。肌肉内植入CPC／BMP可以异位诱导新骨形成。植入骨缺损后CPC／BMP可以诱导新骨形成，有效地修复骨缺损。新骨形成的同时，材料出现了较快的降解。CPC不能异位诱导新骨形成，骨缺损修复能力较弱，降解缓慢。结论CPC／BMF，生物活性人工骨具有理想的降解性能和成骨能力，可望成为新型的骨缺损修复材料。     

RhBMP-2-loaded calcium silicate/calcium phosphate cement scaffold with hierarchically porous structure for enhanced bone tissue regeneration

Calcium phosphate cement scaffold (CPC) has been widely used as bone graft substitutes, but undesirable osteoinductivity and slow degradability greatly hamper their clinic application. To address these problems, a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)-loaded calcium silicate/calcium phosphate cement scaffold (CSPC) with hierarchical pores was developed in this study. The CSPC scaffold with both interconnected macropores on the order of 200–500 μm and micropores of 2–5 μm was synthesized from CPC and calcium silicate (CS) by a NaCl particulate-leaching method. In vitro cell culture with C2C12 model cells, in vivo ectopic bone formation and rabbit femur cavity defect repair were performed to evaluate the osteogeneic capacity of the CSPC/rhBMP-2 scaffold. CPC, CSPC and CPC/rhBMP-2 scaffolds were parallelly investigated for comparison. The results demonstrated that the hierarchical macro/microporous structure, whether in presence of CS or rhBMP-2, highly favored the adhesion of C2C12 cells and bone in-growth into the CPC-based scaffolds. But, in comparison to the CPC-based scaffolds with CS or rhBMP-2 alone, the CSPC/rhBMP-2 scaffold strongly promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro and osteogenetic efficacy in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that Si ions derived from CSPC contributed mainly to maintain the conformation of rhBMP-2 and thus stimulate the synergistic action of CS and rhBMP-2 in osteogenic differentiation and osteoinductivity. Additionally, the incorporation of CS was also beneficial for the dissolution of the scaffold. Those results suggest that the CSPC has superior properties for incorporation of rhBMP-2 and our developed CSPC/rhBMP-2 scaffold have great potential for future use in bone tissue regeneration.     

A novel and easy-to-prepare strontium(II) modified calcium phosphate bone cement with enhanced mechanical properties

The aim of this study was to evaluate two different approaches to obtaining strontium-modified calcium phosphate bone cements (SrCPCs) without elaborate synthesis of Sr-containing calcium phosphate species as cement precursors that could release biologically effective doses of Sr²⁺ and thus could improve the healing of osteoporotic bone defects. Using strontium carbonate as a strontium(II) source, it was introduced into a hydroxyapatite-forming cement either by the addition of SrCO₃ to an α-tricalcium phosphate-based cement precursor mixture (A-type) or by substitution of CaCO₃ by SrCO₃ during precursor composition (S-type). The cements, obtained after setting in a water-saturated atmosphere, contained up to 2.2 at.% strontium in different distribution patterns as determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The setting time of CPC and A-type cements was in the range of 6.5–7.5 min and increased for substitution-type cements (12.5–13.0 min). Set cements had an open porosity between 26 and 42%. Compressive strength was found to increase from 29 MPa up to 90% in substituted S-type cements (58 MPa). SrCPC samples released between 0.45 and 1.53 mg g^?1 Sr²⁺ within 21 days and showed increased radiopacity. Based on these findings, the SrCPC developed in this study could be beneficial for the treatment of defects of systemically impaired (e.g. osteoporotic) bone.     

新型大孔隙磷酸钙骨水泥作为骨组织工程支架的相关研究

目的 探讨新型大孔隙磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)材料支架的细胞毒性和对细胞黏附、生长和增殖的影响.方法 通过添加甘露醇制孔剂和应用磷酸钠溶液作为CPC固化液的方法合成新型CPC材料.通过CCK8法检测细胞在新型CPC材料浸提液中的生长增殖情况;通过电子扫描电镜测试材料孔径和细胞在材料表面上黏附生长情况;应用力学三点弯曲实验测试新型CPC的生物力学性能.结果 新型CPC材料的孔径值达到(267.43±118.01)μm,孔隙率为(66.15±6.91)％.新型CPC材料的最大负荷、抗弯强度和坚韧度较传统CPC均增加了约1倍(P＜0.05).新型CPC材料浸提液与细胞共培养2、4、6、8d后CCK8法测试吸光度(OD)值与阴性对照组比较其差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 新型CPC材料具有强大的生物力学性能、大孔隙、高孔隙率和良好的生物相容性,有望成为理想的骨组织工程支架.     

Biological evaluation of a new pulp capping material developed from Portland cement

This study evaluates the biological properties of a new pulp capping material developed from Portland cement. This study was conducted on 48 teeth in 4 dogs (12 teeth/dog). The dogs were classified into two equal groups (n = 24 teeth) according to the evaluation period including: group A (3 weeks) and group B (3 months). Each group was further subdivided into three equal subgroups (n = 8 teeth) according to the capping material including: subgroup 1: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), subgroup2: Portland cement + 10% calcium hydroxide + 20% bismuth oxide (Port Cal) and subgroup 3: Portland cement + bismuth oxide. After general anesthesia, a class V buccal cavity was prepared coronal to the gingival margin. After pulp exposure and hemostasis,the capping materials and glass ionomer filling were placed on the exposure sites. All histopathological findings, inflammatory cell count and dentin bridge formation were recorded. Data were analyzed statistically. After 3 months, the histopathological picture of the pulp in subgroup 1 showed normal pulp, continuous odontoblastic layer and complete dentin bridge formation while subgroup 2 showed partial and complete dentin bridge over a normal and necrotic pulps. Subgroup 3 showed loss of normal architecture, areas of necrosis, complete, or incomplete dentin bridge formation, attached and detached pulp stones and fatty degeneration in group B. For group A, MTA subgroup showed the least number of inflammatory cell infiltrate followed by Port Cal subgroup. While subgroup 3 showed the highest number of inflammatory cell infiltrate. For group B, the mean inflammatory cell count increased with the three tested materials with no statistical difference. Regarding dentin bridge formation at group A, no significant differences was found between subgroups, while at group B, MTA subgroup exhibited significantly higher scores than other subgroups. In conclusion, addition of calcium hydroxide to Portland cement improves the dentin bridge formation qualitatively and quantitatively.