Role of intravitreal bevacizumab in neovascular glaucoma.

We report on the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG). A retrospective chart review of 6 consecutive cases of NVG was performed. The follow-up period was 3-19 months (average, 9.7 months). All patients received 1.25 mg (0.05 cc) of IVB followed by panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) approximately 1 week later. In all cases, there was a complete regression of iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization. However, 2 eyes showed a recurrence of neovascularization; in 1 case, it recurred after 3 months, and in the second, after 5 months. These patients received another IVB injection followed by additional PRP, which resulted in the resolution of the recurrent neovascularization. Glaucoma was controlled with topical eye drops alone in patients who had iris and angle neovascularization without peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS). However, patients with PAS at the time of presentation needed subsequent glaucoma surgery. Our study suggests that IVB may be a valuable addition in the treatment of NVG by hastening the resolution of anterior segment neovascularization, improving the results of glaucoma surgeries, and appears to give long-term control when used in combination with PRP.     

Panretinal photocoagulation with simultaneous cryoretinopexy or intravitreal bevacizumab for neovascular glaucoma

Background

To compare the therapeutic effects of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) combined with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and cryoretinopexy (CR-IVB) to that of PRP combined with IVB alone in eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Design

Retrospective, consecutive, case-control study.

Methods

The medical records of 102 eyes of 96 patients with NVG due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion, and ocular ischemic syndrome were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 59.6?±?11.5 years, with a range of 34 to 84 years. Patients received either 1.25 mg/0.05 ml of IVB combined with 360° of cryotherapy of the peripheral retina (CR-IVB subgroup) or IVB alone (IVB alone subgroup) as adjunctive treatments to PRP. The patients were followed for at least 12 months. Fifty-four eyes of 49 patients had open-angle NVG; 30 of these eyes were treated by CR-IVB, and 24 eyes by IVB alone. Forty-eight eyes of 48 patients had angle-closure NVG; 22 of these eyes were treated by CR-IVB, and 26 eyes were by IVB alone. Failure was defined as a postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg for two consecutive follow-up visits, or the need of additional surgery such as trabeculectomy or diode laser cycloablation. The differences in the success rates between the CR-IVB and IVB alone subgroups for the eyes with open-angle and closed-angle NVG were compared.

Results

The success rate at 12 months in eyes with open-angle NVG was 80.0 % in the CR-IVB subgroup and 41.7 % in the IVB alone subgroup (P?=?0.0096). In eyes with angle-closure NVG, the success rate at 12 months was 22.7 % in the CR-IVB subgroup and 0 % in the IVB-alone subgroup (P?=?0.030).

Conclusion

The significantly better IOP control after PRP combined with cryotherapy and IVB than after PRP with IVB alone indicates that cryotherapy enhances the effectiveness of PRP for neovascular glaucoma for at least 1 year.     

Effect of intravitreal bevacizumab on iris vessels in neovascular glaucoma patients

Background  

We aimed to investigate the effects of a single 1-mg injection of intravitreal bevacizumab on iris vessels in neovascular glaucoma (NVG) patients.     

Combined diode laser cyclophotocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in neovascular glaucoma

Background: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) in eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) has recently been shown to induce rapid regression of anterior segment neovascularization and has promise as adjunct treatment to diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) to control intraocular pressure (IOP). This study presents the outcome of concomitant treatment with CPC and intravitreal bevacizumab in painful poor visual potential eyes in a case series of consecutively diagnosed NVG. Methods: Twelve patients (14 eyes) were treated with CPC and concurrent intravitreal bevacizumab 0.05 mL (1.25 mg) and study end‐points were IOP lowering, regression of anterior segment neovascularization and resolution of pain. Results: The mean preoperative IOP was 42.1 ± 11.4 and was lowered to 16.6 ± 7.1 mmHg at 1‐month postoperatively. Anterior segment neovascularization regressed dramatically within 1 week of intravitreal bevacizumab in 12 eyes. Thirteen eyes reported persistent relief of ocular pain at 6 months following treatment. Conclusions: Combined intravitreal bevacizumab and CPC treatment for NVG provides rapid control of anterior segment neovascularization and may lead to improved symptomatic relief and IOP control.     

Morphological and functional retinal changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal bevacizumab

Purpose:This study was conducted to determine the morphological and functional retinal changes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab 1.25 mg.Methods:This was a prospective, nonrandomized, interventional study. Eighteen eyes of 18 subjects with nAMD were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) injection. Subjects underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation which included visual acuity, slitlamp examination, tonometry, binocular ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and MP1 microperimetry before the intravitreal injection and the follow-up at 1 and 3 months. Test of significance such as Chi-squared test, paired ttest and oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) linear trend were used to compare the pre- and post-anti-VEGF outcomes. Intraclass correlation was done to assess the intra observer variability.Results:Mean retinal sensitivity had increased from 3.77 ± 3.13 dB at baseline to 4.93 ± 2.42 dB at 3 months (P = 0.05). Visual acuity improved from 0.62 ± 0.36 at baseline to 0.52 ± 0.36 at 1 month and 0.48 ± 0.34 at 3-month followup, but overall change was not significant (P = 0.40). There was a significant reduction in central foveal thickness (CFT) from 274.61 ± 117.95 at baseline to 179.83 ± 84.18 at 1 month and 179.00 ± 126.55 at 3-month follow-up (P = 0.013).Conclusion:Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) injection in nAMD improves retinal function, quantified by retinal sensitivity, scotoma characteristics, fixation stability by MP 1 microperimetry and morphological parameters quantified by CFT in SDOCT. These changes show the effectiveness of treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab in nAMD.     

The effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection before Ahmed valve implantation in patients with neovascular glaucoma

To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) before Ahmed valve implantation for treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG). This study is a retrospective, comparative, consecutive case series. The study group consisted of 27 eyes of 26 patients with NVG who underwent an Ahmed valve implantation. Thirteen eyes were treated with Ahmed valve implantation alone (control group), and 14 eyes were treated with a combination of preoperative IVB injection and Ahmed valve implantation (IVB group). Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of anti-glaucoma medications, surgical complications, and success rate were compared between the two groups. There were no significant differences in preoperative characteristics between the two groups. Visual acuity at 1, 2 weeks, and 1 month after surgery were significantly better in the IVB group (p = 0.038, 0.034, and 0.032, respectively). Hyphema associated with Ahmed valve implantation occurred significantly less in the IVB group (p = 0.016). On the other hand, the mean IOP and number of anti-glaucoma medications at all follow-up periods were similar between the two groups. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed the probability of success 6 months after surgery as 71.4 % in the IVB group and 84.6 % in the control group. No significant difference in success rate was found between the groups (p = 0.422). IVB before Ahmed valve implantation for treatment of NVG reduced the incidence of hyphema. In this retrospective study, IVB provided better visual outcome in the early postoperative periods but did not significantly improve mean IOP, number of anti-glaucoma medications, or success rate.     

A case of cholesterosis bulbi with secondary glaucoma treated by vitrectomy and intravitreal bevacizumab

We report on a case of cholesterosis bulbi concurrent with secondary glaucoma. A 36-year-old man, with a history of long-standing retinal detachment in his right eye after the irrigation and aspiration of a congenital cataract, presented with a clinical picture of elevated intraocular pressure and ocular pain. Upon slit-lamp examination, we found a ciliary injection and a pseudohypopyon of polychromatic crystals. Gonioscopic examination revealed a large amount of crystals deposited on the trabecular meshwork and mild rubeosis iridis, but the neovascularization of the angle could not be clearly confirmed due to the presence of so many crystals. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed to remove clusters of crystals and bevacizumab was injected intravitreally to treat iris neovascularization. Aqueous aspirate was examined by light microscopy and the typical highly refringent cholesterol crystals were identified. Intraocular pressure returned to a normal level after the bevacizumab injection, although severe cholesterosis was still evident in the anterior chamber. To our knowledge, this would be the first Korean case of cholesterosis bulbi combined with chronic retinal detachment and presumed neovascular glaucoma, which was treated by pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal bevacizumab injection.     

Intravitreal bevacizumab and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in patients with neovascular glaucoma

AIM:To explore the efficacy of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).METHODS: This retrospective study included 35 eyes from 35 patients who underwent preoperative IVB and AGV implantation for treatment of NVG. Findings such as intraocular pressure (IOP) number of anti-glaucoma medications, visual acuity (VA), surgical success rates, and complications were recorded.RESULTS: After AGV implantation, IOP was 18.2±4.0 mm Hg, 15.5±3.3 mm Hg and 9.8±2.6 mm Hg at 6, 12 and 36mo, significantly decreased compared with pre-IOP (P<0.01). The number of anti-glaucoma medications was 0.9±0.5, 0.8±0.9 and 0.8±0.6 at 6, 12 and 36mo, significantly decreased compared to pre-treatment (P<0.01). At last visit, there were 19 eyes with stable VA, 4 with VA improvement, 12 with diminished VA and 3 with complete loss light perception. There were 7 cases that failed during 3-year fellow up period. Cumulative probabilities of valve survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis were 82.9%, 74.1% and 71.0% at 12, 24 and 36mo, respectively. Cox stepwise regression analysis found that the survival time was significant associated with the pre-visual acuity <2/400 (P<0.05). Post-operative complications occurred in 8 eyes, of which hyphema presented in 2 eyes, choroidal effusion in 2 eyes.CONCLUSION: The procedure of preoperative IVB and AGV implantation should be one of treatments for NVG because of its safety and effectiveness.     

玻璃体腔注射Bevacizumab联合Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的 观察玻璃体腔注射Bevacizumab联合Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗新生血管性青光眼(NVG)的术后疗效和并发症.方法 回顾性临床病例对照研究.选择新乡医学院第一附属医院眼科在2007年至2008年2月间接受过玻璃体腔注射Bevacizumab 0.05 mL/1.25 mg和Ahmed青光眼阀植入术的NVG患者...     

贝伐单抗与雷珠单抗联合Ahmed 阀植入治疗NVG的对照研究

目的：比较Ahmed青光眼房水引流阀植入术联合玻璃体腔内注射不同抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)有效性和安全性。

方法：采用回顾病例对照研究,收集2009-09/2013-11在我院行Ahmed 阀植入术治疗NVG的患者资料。根据患者Ahmed阀植入术前玻璃内注射的抗VEGF药物不同分为贝伐单抗组和雷珠单抗组。观察并比较两组患者术后手术成功率、眼压、术后抗青光眼用药的数目、术后最佳矫正视力、并发症、新生血管的消退和复发的情况。

结果：两组患者随访1a时,术后眼压、术后抗青光眼药物数目在所有随访时间点均较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。相对贝伐单抗组,雷珠单抗组在术后眼压、抗青光眼用药数目、最佳矫正视力方面,无明显优势,差异无统计学意义。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示：在随访1a时,贝伐单抗组和雷珠单抗组手术总成功率分别为80.6%、79.3%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.896)。手术完全成功率方面,差异亦无统计学意义(P=0.753)。

结论：Ahmed青光眼房水引流阀植入联合玻璃体腔内注射贝伐单抗或雷珠单抗是治疗NVG安全有效的方法。然而,两种抗血管内皮生长因子药物联合Ahmed 青光眼房水引流阀植入术治疗NVG在有效性和安全性方面没有明显差异。     

Successful treatment of melanocytoma associated choroidal neovascular membrane with intravitreal bevacizumab

Melanocytoma of the optic disc is a benign melanocytic tumour that rarely causes visual impairment. We report a rare case of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in association with optic disc melanocytoma and its response to intravitreal injection of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab. The choroidal neovascular membrane regressed following a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection with formation of a scar. CNV associated with optic disc melanocytoma is rare. Intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment may be an effective treatment for CNV associated with optic disc melanocytoma.     

Combination intravitreal bevacizumab/panretinal photocoagulation versus panretinal photocoagulation alone in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate same-day combination intravitreal bevacizumab/panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) compared with PRP alone. METHODS: This was an institutional review board-approved, retrospective, consecutive case-control study of patients receiving same-day combination bevacizumab/PRP or PRP alone as treatment of NVG from September 2004 through June 2007. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), presence of anterior segment neovascularization, and required glaucoma interventional procedures were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients were identified, 11 in the bevacizumab/PRP group and 12 in the PRP alone group. The bevacizumab/PRP group had a significant reduction in IOP compared with the PRP alone group (-11 vs. 0 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.03). There was a significantly higher frequency and rate of neovascular regression in the combination therapy group than in the PRP only group (11 vs 2 eyes [P < 0.001] and 12 vs 127 days [P < 0.0001], respectively). Average follow-up was 143 days for the bevacizumab/PRP group and 118 days for the PRP alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment resulted in more rapid decrease in IOP. In addition, the combination group had increased frequency and rapidity of regression of neovascularization. This study provides a foundation for further research and suggests consideration for a possible new paradigm for the treatment of NVG.     

Intravitreal bevacizumab in a patient with neovascular glaucoma.

The utility of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in a patient with neovascular glaucoma following central retinal vein occlusion is explored. Bevacizumab (1 mg in 0.04 mL) was used after failed intraocular pressure (IOP) control with transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and panretinal photocoagulation. IOP improved within 2 days and the patient experienced marked improvement in comfort. Bevacizumab may be an effective medication for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.