恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉压迫综合征的介入治疗

目的：探讨采用介入方法治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征（SVCS）的疗效及临床意义。方法：24例上腔静脉阻塞综合征患者,经右侧股静脉入路,以猪尾巴导管于狭窄段近端或远端造影,明确狭窄部位、长度、程度,无局部血栓形成者直接置入Wallstent支架（Boston Scientific,USA）,合并血栓病例留置溶栓导管局部溶栓后再置入支架。结果：24例全部开通成功,手术成功率100%,狭窄段平均长度4.6 cm（3～7 cm）。3例置入2枚支架,其余患者均置入1枚支架。9例在支架置入前行溶栓治疗。开通前后梗阻远侧卧位测静脉压,术前（27.3±1.8）cmH2O,术后降至（4.5±0.8）cmH2O,置入支架后造影示侧支静脉完全消失,上腔静脉阻塞症状于术后即刻至术后3 d完全消退。随访8～26个月,11例术后5～10个月内死亡,13例存活,所有病例上腔静脉阻塞症状未再复发。结论：上腔静脉支架置入术联合导管局部溶栓是治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征有效的微创治疗方法。     

肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征的介入治疗

目的探讨经皮血管内支架植入联合肿瘤供血动脉化疗栓塞治疗肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征的方法及临床价值。方法28例肺癌合并上腔静脉阻塞患者,经螺旋CT和静脉造影明确诊断,以阻塞远侧静脉压大于22mmHg为支架植入适应证,支架植入前明确伴有继发血栓形成患者行抗凝及溶栓治疗,经肘前静脉或股静脉入路,先行狭窄部位球囊扩张术,然后在上腔静脉和头臂静脉狭窄段植入支架,支架植入前后联合支气管动脉栓塞化疗。结果28例患者成功植入支架30枚,3例支架内继发急性血栓形成,经过保留导管溶栓治疗成功溶解血栓,2例术后出现肺栓塞,经过血栓抽吸 抗凝溶栓治疗症状缓解,1例3个月后上腔静脉综合征复发,再次植入1枚支架后上腔静脉重新开通,其余病例在生存期内支架保持通畅。结论上腔静脉支架植入联合支气管动脉栓塞化疗治疗肺癌所致上腔静脉综合征,缓解症状迅速有效、微创、并发症较少,可以明显提高患者的生存质量。     

应用腔静脉Z型支架治疗上腔静脉阻塞综合征

目的:评价国产腔静脉Z型支架治疗肺癌所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征的临床价值。方法:本组19例肺癌患者中,右肺上叶病变直接导致上腔静脉阻塞12例,纵隔淋巴结转移导致上腔静脉阻塞7例。右股静脉入路,将导管送入狭窄段远端并行DSA检查,测量狭窄段的长度和正常上腔静脉的直径。理想的支架直径应大于正常上腔静脉直径10%,支架长度应越过狭窄段两端1~2cm。术后应用透视或胸片观察支架位置,Doppler随访支架开通情况。结果:放置支架成功后,造影显示对比剂顺利通过开通的支架内,侧枝循环消失,平均上腔静脉压力由术前的27.3±8.4cmH2O降为14.2±3.7cmH2O,支架放置前后对比差异有显著性意义。结论:应用国产腔静脉Z型支架治疗肺癌伴上腔静脉阻塞综合征是微创、有效的治疗方法。     

恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉综合征的介入治疗

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉综合征的介入治疗方法 和疗效. 方法 经股静脉或颈内静脉入路对42例因恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉综合征患者行介入治疗.结果 42例患者介入治疗前上腔静脉压力平均为(28.5±7.2)cmH2O,介入治疗后压力平均为(15.1±3.5)cmH2O,差异具有显著性(P<0.05).所有患者在术后2～5 d内症状缓解.42例患者均先采用经股静脉穿刺插管入路,32例治疗成功,10例因导丝未能探寻通过狭窄段,改行经颈内静脉穿刺插管入路,使得治疗取得成功.42例患者均无严重并发症. 结论 介入治疗是治疗晚期恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉综合征的首选方法.     

支架治疗上腔静脉综合征32例疗效分析

目的:评价支架治疗上腔静脉综合征的疗效。方法:经股静脉造影确诊32例肿瘤患者并发上腔静脉综合征,然后在上腔静脉、无名静脉狭窄段植入支架治疗。结果:32例造影均显示静脉血流恢复,术后患者上腔静脉梗阻症状缓解。结论:支架植入治疗上腔静脉综合征安全有效,并发症少,能有效提高患者生活质量。     

经皮上腔静脉成形术治疗上腔静脉阻塞综合征的护理体会

上腔静脉阻塞综合征(SVOICOS)是指各种原因引起的上腔静脉阻塞或狭窄，导致上腔静脉系统血液回流障碍的一系列临床症候群。以头面部、颈部、上肢和胸部静脉淤血、水肿、侧支循环形成为主要表现。采用经皮上腔静脉成形术进行治疗，其方法是先行右锁骨下静脉或肘静脉穿刺插管至阻塞上段作造影、测压，显示阻塞的部位、程度、侧支循环及有无血栓等情况，再经右侧股静脉穿刺入路置放上腔静脉支架，取得了确切的疗效，现将经皮上腔静脉成形术的护理体会介绍如下。     

上腔静脉数字减影血管造影：25例临床应用分析

本文报告25例上腔静脉静脉法数字减影血管造影(IVDSA),介绍了造影方法、造影剂所用浓度及造影摄片程序选择、造影存在问题及解决方法。病例选择均为支气管肺癌患者并有不同程度上腔静脉阻塞综合征。目的是为明确肺癌纵隔转移所致上腔静脉阻塞是压迫性、侵蚀性还是癌栓形成,为临床提供直接的病变依据,有助于肺癌纵隔转移患者放疗、化疗的随访观察。     

肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征的血管内支架及溶栓治疗

目的 探讨上腔静脉内支架置入及局部溶栓治疗原发性肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征（SVCS）的临床价值。材料与方法 采用经皮穿刺股静脉插管的方法对15例肺癌合并SVCS患者分别向狭窄的上静脉置入1枚直径10－14mm、长60－80mm的镍钛记忆合金支架,其中5例经导管注入尿激酶30－42万U局部溶栓治疗。结果 15例支架置入一次成功,上腔静脉血流恢复通畅。14例患者SVCS症状很快消除;1例合并血栓者经局部溶栓治疗后症状显著改善,随访3个月－5年,6例患者成活3个月－3年,无复发;5例患者术后4个月－2年因肺癌死亡时亦无复发。4例患者术后短期内复发支架内血栓阻塞,经局部溶栓治疗后症状显著改善。结论 血管内支架治疗肺癌合并SVCS是一种有效的姑息治疗方法,及时局部溶栓治疗是防止近期复发的良好手段,为了延长这类患者的生存期,必须重视肺癌本身的治疗。     

肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄及阻塞的介入性开通治疗

目的　探讨肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄及阻塞的介入性开通治疗的疗效及术后处理。方法5 3例肿瘤性下腔静脉狭窄病人 ,有完整随访资料。先用导丝通过狭窄段或潜在的缝隙行球囊扩张后 ,置入支架 ,造影并测量下腔静脉压。结果　 5 3例中 5 0例开通成功 ,3例因导丝无法通过完全阻塞的下腔静脉而失败。 2例因狭窄段超过 10cm而置入 2个支架 ,其余病人均置入 1个支架。开通后下腔静脉压由术前 (2 8 6 6± 4 0 8)cmH2 O (1cmH2 O =0 0 98kPa)降至 (17 6 5± 4 18)cmH2 O ,经t检验 ,开通前后下腔静脉压变化具有非常显著性差异 (t=3 2 6 1,P <0 0 1)。 5 0例置入支架的病例中 48例下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞所致的临床症状及体征在 3～ 5d内消失或部分消失。 1例术中发生肺梗死 ,未出现其他严重并发症 ,平均随访 13 5个月 ,46例仍保持通畅。结论　支架置入治疗肿瘤性下腔静脉狭窄是一种安全有效的方法     

上腔静脉狭窄及阻塞的介入性开通治疗：附六例报告

报告６例上腔静脉狭窄及阻塞的介入治疗结果，旨在探讨有关技术问题及评价临床疗效。６例中，男５例，女１例，年龄４８￣７４岁，均表现为上腔静脉综合征，５例为肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移所致，１例为纵隔淋巴瘤压迫上腔静脉。４例造影表现为重度狭窄，２例为完全性阻塞。介入治疗时，先用导丝通过梗阻段，继而用球囊导管扩张，最后导入金属内支架。结果：６例均开通成功，无重要并发症，术后临床症状明显改善，侧支静脉消失，梗阻远侧     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.