超声误诊静脉内平滑肌瘤病1例

正患者女,46岁,因反复胸闷气促入院。5年前曾有子宫多发肌瘤病史。超声心动图检查:右房增大,内见一大小约4.3 cm×5.1 cm稍强回声占位,呈类圆形(图1),随心脏舒缩而运动,CDFI于瘤体两侧探及舒张期三尖瓣口五彩镶嵌的射流束(图2)。下腔静脉宽约2.5 cm,内见条状低回声占位,其长度约18.2 cm(图3),CDFI探及下腔静脉内细条状血流信号。超声提示:(1)血     

静脉内平滑肌瘤病伴髂静脉壁平滑肌瘤

目的　探讨静脉内平滑肌瘤病的临床病理特征、组织起源、治疗及预后。方法　对 1例静脉内平滑肌瘤病进行病理组织学观察和免疫组化标记 ,并复习相关文献。结果　肿瘤发生于左髂内静脉 ,顺下腔静脉进入右心房 ,经三尖瓣入右心室 ,再经肺动脉瓣进入左侧肺动脉 ,全长约 80cm ;另外 ,左侧髂窝内见一肿块。肿瘤细胞梭形 ,呈束状排列 ,疏密不均 ,胞质嗜酸 ,核大小不等 ,可见奇异核及核内空泡 ,核分裂象罕见 ,间质黏液变性及透明变性 ,肿瘤表面被覆一层内皮细胞 ;免疫组化示瘤细胞MyoD1、SMA、desmin、ER、PR、vimentin和PCNA( ) ,MSA、S 10 0、EMA、CD10和Ki 6 7(- ) ,肿瘤表面被覆的内皮细胞CD34和CD31( )。结论　静脉内平滑肌瘤病的病理确诊依据为平滑肌构成的瘤组织表面被覆内皮细胞。首选手术治疗 ,抗雌激素药物可作为辅助治疗     

Intravenous leiomyomatosis with different surgical approaches:Three case reports

BACKGROUND Intravenous leiomyomatosis(IVL) is a rare and complicated disease, which requires surgery by a multidisciplinary team. However, the optimal surgical approach has not been determined.CASE SUMMARY Here we report three cases of IVL treated with different surgical approaches. All patients presented with circulation symptoms. Two patients had lower extremity edema and the other had cardiopalmus. The diagnosis of IVL was confirmed based on the imagining examinations and pathological findings. All patients underwent surgical treatment and were discharged without any complications.CONCLUSION Preoperative examination is crucial for surgical planning and surgical approach is dependent on the patient's condition and tumor involvement.     

静脉内平滑肌瘤病超声与CT特征

目的 观察静脉内平滑肌瘤病(IVL)的临床、超声与CT特征表现.方法 回顾性分析55例经术后病理证实的IVL患者的临床及影像学特征,对比超声、CT诊断IVL的准确率.结果 Ⅰ期IVL超声多表现为子宫肿物呈“蠕虫”或条索串珠样向宫旁延伸,血流信号丰富;CT多表现为子宫或盆腔低密度肿物,伴子宫静脉或卵巢静脉内肿物.Ⅱ～Ⅳ期...     

子宫静脉内平滑肌瘤病累及右心腔1例

患者女,36岁, 因无明显诱因出现反复活动后气促1个月入院.患者既往曾因子宫肌瘤行子宫次全切除术.查体:胸骨左缘4、5肋间可闻及Ⅱ/Ⅵ级收缩期吹风样、舒张期隆隆样杂音.B超示:右心房、右心室增大,内见不规则中等回声肿物随心动周期摆动,大小约6.8 cm×4.0 cm,舒张期经三尖瓣口进入右心室,阻塞三尖瓣口及右心室流入道,收缩期返回右心房,肿物累及下腔静脉,大小约10.7 cm×1.1 cm,下腔静脉增宽;盆腔内可见一大小约11.5 cm×8.2 cm×9.6 cm不均质回声,形态不规则,无包膜.B超诊断:下腔静脉、右心内占位,性质待定;盆腔包块,考虑肿瘤性病变.     

腹膜播散性平滑肌瘤病CT及MRI表现

目的 观察腹膜播散性平滑肌瘤病(LPD)的CT及MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析9例经手术或穿刺病理证实的LPD患者,观察其CT及MRI表现,测量并比较LPD与子宫肌层平扫CT值,增强CT动脉期强化率、静脉期强化率、延迟期强化率及表观弥散系数(ADC)差异.结果 L PD病灶均为多发,部分呈粟粒状;1例仅见盆腔病灶(伴子宫...     

Fournier's gangrene: CT findings

Fournier's gangrene is an uncommon gasforming infection of the scrotum which if not recognized early and treated appropriately may be fatal. In three patients recently seen at our institution, computed tomography (CT) was instrumental in establishing the correct diagnosis and determining the extent of the infectious process prior to surgery. The imaging findings at CT and its differential diagnosis are illustrated. A brief review of the current theories of pathogenesis of this interesting entity is presented.     

Aorto-enteric fistula: CT findings

The objective of this pictorial essay is to present the different CT findings encountered in patients with aorto-enteric fistulas (AEFs). An AEF is a rare and sometimes disastrous occurrence, responsible for intermittent or massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hematemesis. CT provides fast and effective evaluation in hemodynamically stable patients suspected of having an AEF. The work was done in the CT department of “Korgialenio Benakio” Red Cross Hospital of Athens (Athanasaki 1 St., 11526 Athens, Greece).     

Pancreatic schwannoma: CT findings

Schwannomas of the pancreas are rare tumors. We report a case of solitary schwannoma of the pancreas without von Recklinghausen disease. A 72−year-old man underwent routine abdominal ultrasound before cholecystectomy because of chronic cholecystitis and multiple gallstones, and ultrasound showed a small solitary tumor in the pancreas. Spiral computed tomography showed a 1.0−cm, well-defined homogeneous hypodense lesion with mild inhomogeneous enhancement and peripheral enhancement at the junction between the head and body of the pancreas. These computed tomographic findings are different from those in previous reports.     

Acute cholecystitis: CT findings

Some patients with acute cholecystitis may have symptoms suggestive of an abscess or other intra-abdominal inflammation and, therefore, may be referred for a CT of the abdomen. This report reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and CT findings of acute cholecystitis (gallstones, wall thickening, distention, pericholecystic fluid, and pericholecystic stranding). Pitfalls and complications of the diagnosis are discussed. Those scenarios where CT may prove superior to ultrasound or hepatobiliary scintigraphy are highlighted.     

Eosinophilic cystitis: CT findings

Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare form of bladder inflammation of uncertain etiology, characterized by eosinophilic inflammation of the bladder. Presenting clinical symptoms include hematuria, dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain. To our knowledge, there have been only two other reports of computed tomographic (CT) scan findings of EC. In both cases, the findings were thought to represent invasive bladder cancer. We present a case report of biopsy-proven EC with previously unreported CT scan findings.     

Struma ovarii: CT findings

Background  The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomographic findings of struma ovarii. Methods  Computed tomography (CT) scans of 13 pathologically proven struma ovarii were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. Scans were evaluated for the laterality, size, mass configuration, margins, internal architecture, presence of intracystic high attenuation lesions on precontrast scans, and cyst wall enhancement. Results  The mean size of the tumors was 11.4 cm (range 4.7–21.0 cm). Mainly cystic (n = 8, 61.5%) or cystic (n = 5, 38.5%) appearance was common to all the tumors. All tumors were unilateral and had smooth margins. The most common internal architecture in the tumors was multicystic architecture (n = 11, 84.6%). Eleven tumors (84.6%) showed a high attenuation lesion in the cyst portion of the mass on precontrast scans and the attenuation ranged from 92.2 to 120.5 Hounsfield units (HU) (mean, 106.8 ± 8.8 HU). The cyst wall showed no (n = 7, 53.8%), moderate (n = 5, 38.5%), or marked (n = 1, 7.7%) enhancement after administration of contrast medium. Conclusions  On CT scans, struma ovarii appeared most often as a smooth marginated multicystic mass with a high attenuation lesion on precontrast scans and no or moderate cyst wall enhancement.     

Abdominal cavernous Iymphangiomas: CT findings

Two adult patients with histopathologically proved cavernous lymphangiomas and one adult patient with lymphangiomas of strongly presumed cavernous type by cytologic and computed tomographic findings are reported. On computed tomograms, multiple, aggregated, small, and tiny cysts without a solid portion, along the lymphatic channels are characteristic computed tomographic findings for cavernous lymphangiomas.     

Gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma: CT findings

Background In this study, we evaluated the CT findings of patients with hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Methods The CT scans of eight patients (seven males and one female; age range 44–70 years; mean age 59 years) with histologically proven hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach were retrospectively evaluated by two radiologists in consensus. Scans were evaluated for gastric wall thickening, involved site enhancement, adjacent organ invasion, lymphadenopathy, distant metastases, and venous tumor thrombosis. Results Tumors appeared as eccentric wall thickening (n = 8) and heterogeneous enhancement (n = 7). Adjacent organ invasions were noted to liver (n = 3), pancreas (n = 2), and esophagus (n = 1). All eight patients had a regional lymphadenopathy larger than 8 mm in its short axis. Distant metastases (liver, n = 4; non-regional lymph node, n = 1) were also noted. Venous tumor thrombosis was identified in the portal vein (n = 3), splenic vein (n = 1), main portal vein (n = 1), or right gastroepiploic vein (n = 1) in the regions near primary gastric tumors or metastatic masses. Conclusion On CT scans, hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach appears as an eccentric gastric wall thickening and shows a strong tendency for liver and lymph node metastasis and venous invasion around the primary gastric tumor or a metastatic hepatic mass.     

Calcified gastric carcinoma: CT findings

The computed tomographic (CT) findings of 13 cases of calcified gastric carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. Eleven cases were confirmed as a mucinous adenocarcinoma by surgery (three cases), or endoscopic biopsy (eight cases). Two cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma by endoscopic biopsy. In all cases the calcifications were of the punctate or miliary shape and the size varied from 1–3 mm in diameter. The calcifications were located in the thickened gastric wall in all cases, and were seen in metastatic lesions such as lymph nodes and the liver in two cases. In 10 cases, some tumor portions showed lower attenuation number than that of the muscle on CT scans, and corresponded to mucin pool in tumor portions histologically. Twelve cases were in inoperable advanced stage.     

Pancreatic castleman disease: CT findings

Computed tomography findings in a case of pancreatic localization of Castleman disease are presented correlated with histological findings. This is the second observation in the literature of pancreatic involvement with an unusual histological form.     

Strangulated transomental hernia: CT findings

We report a case of surgically confirmed strangulation of small bowel through a defect in the greater omentum. Computed tomography demonstrated the presence and the location of this very unusual internal abdominal hernia. Those findings are presented.