噪声与振动复合因素对汉语发音的影响

为研究噪声，振动复合因素对汉语发音的影响，对汉语单音节的语音特征变化进行了研究。研究研究设计了获取噪声与振动复合因素下发音的实验，实验分噪声与振动复合因素、单独噪声、单独振动、正常对照四种条件，并建立了一套语音处理系统硬件系统，编制了语音分析程序和显著性检验程序。结果表明，噪声与振动复合因素下，汉语语音的基频、能量、时长与对照组和单因素组比较都有显著性增加，这一结果对于航天中语音识别系统的设计具有     

Combined Effect of Noise and Vibration on Articulation of Chinese Syllable

为研究噪声、振动复合因素对汉语发音的影响，对汉语单音节的语音特征变化进行了研究。本研究设计了获取噪声与振动复合因素下发音的实验，实验分噪声与振动复合因素、单独噪声、单独振动、正常对照四种条件，并建立了一套语音处理硬件系统，编制了语音分析程序和显著性检验程序。结果表明，噪声与振动复合因素下，汉语语音的基频、能量、时长与对照组和单因素组比较都有显著性增加。这一结果对于航天中语音识别系统的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

坦克噪声与榴弹脉冲声复合因素对耳损伤的动物实验

为探讨复合因素对耳损伤的机制，将豚鼠分为４组：单独振动噪声组（１１６－１１８ｄＢ（Ａ）），单独脉冲声组（榴弹射击３发，声强１６９ｄＢ（ＳＰＬ），Ｂ有效持续时间５０ｍｓ，振动噪声加脉冲声组和对照组，用脑干电反应的检测听力，用组织化学耳蜗病变结果表明，单独因素未致动物耳损伤，而复合因素组动物听力下降且有耳蜗酶活性下降。     

高温、噪声、振动复合因素对热应激蛋白70合成的影响(论著)

目的：模拟舰船在热区军事活动时的舱室环境条件，研究高温、噪声、振动复合因素对热应激蛋白７０（ｈｅａｔｓｔｒｅｓｓｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ７０，ＨＳＰ７０）合成的影响及其相关关系。方法：Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠２４只，随机分成４组：（１）对照组：室温２２±１℃；（２）高温组：干球温度（Ｔｄ）４２±０．５℃，湿球温度（Ｔｗ）３３±１℃，相对湿度（ＲＨ）５２％；（３）噪声、振动组：１０００Ｈｚ１０５ｄＢ稳态噪声，角振动频率６０Ｈｚ，振幅５×１０－２ｍ，加速度４ｍ／ｓ２，全身振动；（４）复合因素组：（２）、（３）组实验条件相加。采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法检测各实验组ＨＳＰ７０蛋白的免疫活性变化。结果：高温、噪声、振动均可诱导ＨＳＰ７０合成的增加，３者复合作用时ＨＳＰ７０合成显著增加。结论：高温、噪声、振动的复合因素具有协同作用，可加重对机体的应激反应     

声预处理对强噪声引起听力损伤保护作用的研究(英文)

目的 探讨低频声预处理对强噪声及中频强噪声引起听力损伤的保护作用。方法 两组声预处理组豚鼠在中心频率０．５ｋＨｚ８５ｄＢ倍频带噪声作用下,连续暴露４ｄ（６ｈ／ｄ）后,在无噪声情况下恢复３ｄ。随后分别在中心频率０．５ｋＨｚ和１ｋＨｚ１１０ｄＢ的倍频带噪声下,暴露１ｈ。两组对照组豚鼠不经声预处理,分别直接暴露在中心频率０．５ＫＨｚ和１ｋＨｚ１１０ｄＢ的倍频带噪声下,暴露１ｈ。两组对照组豚鼠不经声预处理     

白噪声,脉冲噪声与振动复合因素对耳损伤的实验观察

用单纯白噪声和脉冲噪声暴露以及白噪声复合脉冲声，稳态噪声、振动、脉冲声复合作用，观察对豚鼠听器的损伤。噪声暴露前、后分别测试各组动物的听性脑干反应阈值。用ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学方法观察各组动物耳蜗肌动蛋白免疫活性。结果白噪声加脉冲声组和振动复合稳态噪声加脉冲声组动物受震前、后阈值比较有差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），而其余各组动物受震后无阈移。上述两组动物耳蜗肌动蛋白免疫活性比对照组和其它组明显减弱。提示复合因素会引起耳损伤，耳蜗内肌动蛋白活性与听阈有一定相关性。因此，在临床上应积极维护耳蜗肌动蛋白活性，以减轻损伤。     

高温、噪声及其复合作用对大鼠血管紧张素 Ⅱ 含量的影响

为观察高温、噪声及复合因素对大鼠血浆及心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡⅡ）含量的影响，对７２只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分别进行高温（４０℃，相对湿度８２％）、噪声（１１５ｄＢ）及高温与噪声复合暴露。用特异性放射免疫法进行检测。结果显示：（１）对照组、高温组、噪声组及复合组血浆ＡⅡ含量分别为３５８．７２±３５．７８、６２４．０８±３６．３２、７８３．２７±３４．３２及６１９．６５±３７．７２ｐｇ／ｍｌ，高温组、噪声组及复合因素组均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），其中噪声组升高更为明显，与高温组及复合组比较亦有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（２）对照组、高温组、噪声组及复合组心肌ＡⅡ分别为５９４．７８±８２．４６、９３５．１０±１５１．５１、３２６．２２±２８．４５及４３８．３７±５８．６３ｐｇ／ｍｇＷ．Ｗ，高温组明显升高，与对照组、噪声组及复合组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），噪声组明显下降，与对照组比较亦有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

头低位卧床模拟失重对汉语语音特征的影响

目的探讨头低位卧床模拟失重作用下生成语音的语音特征的变化规律。方法被试者为 6名健康男性青年 ,头低位 - 6°模拟失重条件下记录语音特征及变化规律。结果与对照组相比 ,模拟失重作用下语音的时长有一定增加 ;平均能量明显降低 ,结果非常显著 ;基频有一定降低 ,并有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论模拟失重对人的语音特征产生一定影响 ,某些语音特征的影响具有显著性。     

γ射线与噪声对豚鼠听觉损伤的复合效应

研究了γ射线（２０Ｇｙ）与噪声（１０５ｄＢＡ，３０ｍｉｎ）一次联合作用及６次重复联合作用（每次γ射线０．６７Ｇｙ，噪声１００ｄＢＡ，３０ｍｉｎ），对豚鼠听觉损伤的复合效应。结果表明，先γ射线２０Ｇｙ照射后噪声暴露对听觉损伤的复合效应是协同的。６次重复联合作用时，先噪声暴露后照射组的听阈偏移小于先照射后噪声暴露组；前者的复合效应为拮抗，后者为相加。本文对γ射线与噪声对听觉损伤联合作用的机理作了初步探讨。     

强噪声引起的大鼠应激反应

为研究长时间的强噪声对大鼠的影响，５０只雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分为５组：正常对照组、噪声暴露（１２０ｄＢＳＰＬ宽带噪声，每天２ｈ）１ｄ、３ｄ、７ｄ和１４ｄ组。结果表明：噪声暴露后，血清ＡＣＴＨ和皮质酮含量增加，间脑ＤＡ含量减少，肾上腺重量增加，胸腺及脾脏重量减轻，表明机体发生了应激反应。同时观察到，暴露７ｄ，肾上腺及胸腺重量变化最大，暴露１４ｄ，血清ＡＣＴＨ含量下降，间脑ＤＡ含量降至最低，肾上腺及胸腺重量基本恢复正常。提示，从暴露７ｄ起，应激的急性反应开始减弱，暴露１４ｄ时开始转入慢性抑制状态。     

噪声对说话人语音的影响

在航天和军事领域,噪声是影响语言通讯的重要因素,主要影响到通讯中的听话和送话。本文从语音特征、语音清晰度、面对面通讯的交谈可持续时间三方面综述环境噪声对送话的影响。     

Binaural speech discrimination under noise in hearing-impaired listeners

This study was undertaken to assess speech discrimination under binaural listening with background noise in hearing-impaired subjects. Subjects (58 sensori-neural, 23 conductive, and 19 mixed) were administered an indigenous version of W-22 PB words under: Condition I--Quiet--chamber noise below 28 dB with speech at 60 dB; and at a constant signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of +10 dB with background white noise at 70 dB in Condition II and 80 dB in Condition III. The scores were a) 81 +/- 16%, b) 77 +/- 9%, and c) 79 +/- 13%. Mean scores decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) with noise in all groups while the score was more (p less than 0.001) at the higher noise level only in the sensori-neural group. The decrease in scores with advancing hearing impairment was less in noise than in quiet, probably due to binaural and satisfactory S/N ratio. The scores did not fall below 70% unless the handicap was marked. The need for suitable standards of binaural speech discrimination under noise in aircrew assessment is emphasized.     

复合护耳器通话及防护效果的研究

为了研究单一护耳器和复合护耳器通话及防护效果，对１４名男性被试者，分别进行了声衰减性能和通话效果实验。结果表明，单一护耳器经复合使用后，其声衰减值比单一的耳塞、耳罩分别高出１３和６ｄＢ，并且还可克服单一护耳器在某些频率上出现的谐振点所造成声衰减性能降低的缺陷。单一护耳器经复合使用后，克服了听觉器官过载造成的畸变，基本上保持了原有的通话质量，复合护耳器是航空航天噪声环境中的有效耳防护设备。     

环境噪声对声信号频率辨别阈的影响

目的：通过环境噪声对人体接收不同声信号频率辨别阈影响的试验,寻找某种具有抗噪声干扰的特殊信号,为研究抗噪声言语通讯装置提供理论依据。方法：选取3种调制波,即纯音调频信号,调幅调频信号和方波,作为测试声信号,为研究抗噪声言语通讯装置提供理论依据。方法：选取3种调制波,即纯音调频信号,调幅调频信号和方波,作为测试声信号,采用阈上测试法,以阈上40dB信号辨别阈值为对照,分别测定S（信号）／N（噪声）比为0,－5,－10的频率辨别阈,结果：以上3种信号的频率辨别阈为方波最佳,调幅调频波次之,纯音信号最差,结论：本试验为抗噪声言语通讯开拓了新途径,言 若采用经调制后的方波或调幅波传递,将会获得满意的可懂度。     

高强噪声环境中通话的语言可懂度

本研究应用高强噪声环境模拟系统,研究了四种噪声状态特性的送话实验和三种护耳器声衰减模型的听话实验,探讨了在高强噪声环境中通话的语言可懂度、影响因素及获得足够语言可懂度的条件.送话实验结果表明,语言可懂度不仅与噪声总声压级有关,而且与语言频段噪声声压级有关,噪声总声压级不超过125dB,语言频段噪声声压级不超过110dB时,语言可懂度可达95%以上.听话实验结果表明,听话语言可懂度与噪声声压级及护耳器声衰减的特性有关,当噪声总声压级为125dB,护耳器声衰减不低于模型3的数值时,听话语言可懂度也可达95%以上.     

Synthetic speech and its perception in complex acoustic conditions

Perception of synthetic speech in noise conditions has certain specific features which largely determine noise resistance of synthetic verbal communication. On the one hand, noise resistance of synthetic speech is lower than that of natural speech. This has been demonstrated by the study of the masking effect of 90 and 100 dB noise on natural and synthetic speech. On the other hand, there are methods of speech synthesis that seem very promising. Phonetic analysis of natural and synthetic syllables has shown that noise resistance of synthetic syllables is higher than that of natural syllables but perception of blended speech displays an inverse correlation. This demonstrates the fact that perception of verbal signals under noise conditions is based on the sensory relations that differ from those simulated by synthetic communication.     

Verbal communication in MR environments: effect of MR system acoustic noise on speech understanding

PURPOSE: To assess the masking effect of magnetic resonance (MR)-related acoustic noise and the effect of passive hearing protection on speech understanding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acoustic recordings were made at 1.5 T at patient and operator (interventionalist in the MR suite) locations for relevant pulse sequences. In an audiologic laboratory, speech-to-noise ratios (STNRs) were determined, defined as the difference between the absolute sound pressure levels of MR noise and speech. The recorded noise of the MR sequences was played simultaneously with the recorded sentences at various intensities, and 15 healthy volunteers (seven women, eight men; median age, 27 years) repeated these sentences as accurately as possible. The STNR that corresponded with a 50% correct repetition was used as the measure for speech intelligibility. In addition, the effect of passive hearing protection on speech intelligibility was tested by using an earplug model. RESULTS: Overall, speech understanding was reduced more at operator than at patient location. Most problematic were fast gradient-recalled-echo train and spiral k-space sequences. As the absolute sound pressure level of these sequences was approximately 100 dB at patient location, the vocal effort needed to attain 50% intelligibility was shouting (>77 dB). At operator location, less effort was required because of the lower sound pressure levels of the MR noise. Fast spoiled gradient-recalled-echo and echo-planar imaging sequences showed relatively favorable results with raised voice at operator location and loud speaking at patient location. The use of hearing protection slightly improved STNR. CONCLUSION: At 1.5 T, the level of MR noise requires that large vocal effort is used, at the operator and especially at the patient location. Depending on the specific MR sequence used, loud speaking or shouting is needed to achieve adequate bidirectional communication with the patient. The wearing of earplugs improves speech intelligibility.     

Speech intelligibility in noise using throat and acoustic microphones

INTRODUCTION: Helicopter cockpits are very noisy and this noise must be reduced for effective communication. The standard U.S. Army aviation helmet is equipped with a noise-canceling acoustic microphone, but some ambient noise still is transmitted. Throat microphones are not sensitive to air molecule vibrations and thus, transmittal of ambient noise is reduced. It is possible that throat microphones could enhance speech communication in helicopters, but speech intelligibility with the devices must first be assessed. In the current study, speech intelligibility of signals generated by an acoustic microphone, a throat microphone, and by the combined output of the two microphones was assessed using the Modified Rhyme Test (MRT). METHODS: Stimulus words were recorded in a reverberant chamber with ambient broadband noise intensity at 90 and 106 dBA. Listeners completed the MRT task in the same settings, thus simulating the typical environment of a rotary-wing aircraft. RESULTS: Results show that speech intelligibility is significantly worse for the throat microphone (average percent correct = 55.97) than for the acoustic microphone (average percent correct = 69.70), particularly for the higher noise level. In addition, no benefit is gained by simultaneously using both microphones. A follow-up experiment evaluated different consonants using the Diagnostic Rhyme Test and replicated the MRT results. DISCUSSION: The current results show that intelligibility using throat microphones is poorer than with the use of boom microphones in noisy and in quiet environments. Therefore, throat microphones are not recommended for use in any situation where fast and accurate speech intelligibility is essential.