食管癌患者胸段手术前后血清激素水平的变化及临床意义

目的：探讨食管癌患者胸段手术前后血清激素水平的变化及其测定的临床意义。方法：皮质醇（cortis01）、血清垂体泌乳素（pmlactin,PRL）、促甲状腺激素（thyroidstimulatinghormone,TSH）测定采用化学发光免疫分析;生长激素（growthhormone,GH）和血管紧张素-Ⅱ（angiotensin-Ⅱ,AT-Ⅱ）采用放射免疫分析;肾上腺髓质素（adrenomedullin,AM）采用酶联免疫分析。结果：表1可见,患者血清PRL、TSH和GH三项指标水平在术前24h组略高于正常对照组,但无统计学差异（P均〉0．05）;麻醉前组三项指标水平则均显著高于正常对照组（P均〈0．05）;术后24h组三项指标水平更显著高于上述三组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,且还显著高于麻醉前组（P均〈0．05）。表1中血清cortisol水平在术前24h已显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;AM和AT—Ⅱ含量略高于正常对照组,但无统计学差异（P均〉0．05）;麻醉前组三项指标水平均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;术后24h组三项指标水平更显著高于上述三组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,且还显著高于麻醉前组（P均〈0．05）。结论：本文患者血清六项血清指标的变化证实患者存在明显的应激反应;提醒临床应在手术前后对患者实施必要的药物和心理治疗。     

前列腺癌患者血清IGF-I、PRL及SE-cad测定的临床意义

目的：探讨前列腺癌患者血清IGF-Ⅰ、PRL及SE-cad水平的变化及临床意义。方法：血清IGF-Ⅰ采用放射免疫分析;fPSA及PRL采用化学发光法;血清SE-cad采用酶联免疫分析法。结果：前列腺增生组患者血清IGF-Ⅰ水平较对照组升高显著（P〈0.05）;血清PRL含量也较对照组显著升高（P〈0.05）;SE-cad浓度其测定数值也存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。而前列腺癌患者组血清IGF-Ⅰ水平较对照组升高更为显著（P〈0.01）;血清PRL含量也较对照组升高极其显著（P〈0.01）;SE-cad浓度其测定数值升高同样非常显著（P〈0.01）。灵敏度分析表明,fPSA＋IGF-Ⅰ和fPSA＋SE-cad两组灵敏度显著高于fPSA单项测定组;fPSA＋PRL组灵敏度略低,但P〉0.05。特异性分析则fPSA＋SE-cad组fPSA单项测定组显著增高（P〈0.05）,fP-SA＋PRL降低明显,fPSA＋IGF-Ⅰ组与单项组差异并不显著（P〉0.05）。结论：血清IGF-Ⅰ、PRL及SE-cad水平的变化与前列腺癌的发生关系密切,与fPSA的联合测定可提高诊断的灵敏度及特异性,有助于前列腺癌的辅助诊断。     

急性支气管肺炎患儿血清SOD及相关细胞因子测定的意义

目的：探讨六项血清标志物水平的变化与患儿支气管肺炎发生、发展的关系。方法：六项血清标志物测定均采用放射免疫分析。结果：患儿治疗前血清IGF-β及TNF-α水平均较对照组升高显著（P均〈0.01）;SOD水平则显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）。经治疗病情缓解后IGF-β和TNF-α水平均显著降低,后者与对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,前者与对照组比较仍有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。SOD水平则已明显升高恢复,与对照组比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。白介素测定结果显示,患者治疗前IL-10含量显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）,IL-6及IL-8水平较对照组升高均非常显著（P均〈0.01）;经治疗IL-6及IL-8水平较对照组均显著下降,但与对照组比较仍有显著差异（P均〈0.05）;IL-10水平则显著升高,也存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：本文六项指标的测定,对于了解支气管肺炎的病理机制及病情评估有临床意义。     

过敏性紫癜患儿尿蛋白和内皮素的临床关联研究

研究过敏性紫癜（HSP）、过敏性紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）患儿尿清蛋白与内皮素1（ET-1）在HSP、HSPN发生发展中的作用。对对照组（21例）和紫癜患儿（29例）,用磺柳酸比浊法测定尿清蛋白排泄率（UAER）,用放射免疫法（RIA）测定血清ET-1水平,比较UAER和ET-1在HSP与HSPN的水平变化以及在HSPN治疗前后的水平变化。HSP组与对照组24h尿清蛋白比较无显著差异（P〉0.05）,HSPN组与对照组、HSP组比较有非常显著差异（P〈0.01,）;ET-1在HSP组与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）;HSPN组与对照组、HSP组比较有非常显著差异和显著差异（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;HSPN组治疗后24h尿清蛋白和ET-1降低,较治疗前有非常显著差异（P〈0.01）;24h尿清蛋白与血清ET-1呈正相关关系（r=0.504,P〈0.05）。ET-1参与HSP、HSPN的发病,并与尿蛋白的发生、发展有关。     

子宫内膜异位症患者血清EMAb、VEGF、IL-2及IL-2R水平变化

目的：探讨子宫内膜异位症患者血清EMAb、VEGF、IL-2及IL-2R水平的变化及与病情进展的关系。方法：患者血清EMAb采用酶联免疫分析;VEGF、IL-2及IL-2R测定均采用放射免疫分析。结果：45例子宫内膜异位症患者的四项指标测定结果显示,EMAb阳性检出率治疗前组极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;经中西医结合治疗3个月后EMAb阳性检出率显著降低,但与对照组比较阳性检出率仍显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。VEGF水平治疗前组也极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;中西医结合治疗3个月后水平显著下降,与对照组比较已无显著差异（P〉0.05）。IL-2水平则在治疗前组水平极显著降低（P〈0.01）;中西医结合治疗3个月后含量明显上升,与对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。IL-2R治疗前升高极显著（P〈0.01）;3个月中西医结合治疗后血清水平明显下降,测定结果与对照组比较已无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：子宫内膜异位症患者血清EMAb、VEGF、IL-2及IL-2R四项指标发生了显著变化,其测定有助于该病的辅助诊断、病情评估及预后判断。     

SPECT放射性核素骨显像与血清相关指标协同评价乳腺癌骨转移

目的：评价乳腺癌患者放射性核素骨显像与血清肿瘤指标和细胞因子水平测定的价值。方法：随机选择乳腺浸润性导管癌骨显像示骨转移瘤与骨显像正常患者各20例,乳腺良性病患者30例及健康体检者35例,分别测定其血清中CEA、CA15-3及PRL;IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的含量。结果：本文结果显示,乳腺癌无骨转移组CEA、CA15-3及PRL三项肿瘤相关标志物水平与对照组比较略有升高,但统计学差异皆无显著性（P均〉0.05）;有骨转移组上述三项指标水平则升高均非常显著（P均〈0.01）;乳腺良性病组三项指标水平与对照组比较均无显著差异（P均〉0.05）。同时〉2个骨转移灶组三项指标水平较≤2个转移灶的患者三项肿瘤相关指标升高均非常显著（P均〈0.01）。三项白介素水平测定结果显示,无骨转移组三项白介素水平与对照组比较差异均无显著性（P均〉0.05）;而有骨转移组则与对照组比较升高均有显著性（P均〈0.05）。结论：血清三项肿瘤标志物及IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8水平的变化与骨转移发生有一定关系。其检测将有助于乳腺癌骨转移瘤的动态监测。     

Graves’眼病患者血清IL-2、sIL-2R和TGF-β测定的临床意义

目的：探讨Graves’眼病患者血清IL-2、sIL-2R和TGF-β水平的变化、病情进展和病因学的关系。方法：对照组30名和Graves眼病30例患者的血清TGF-β含量均采用放射免疫分析;血清IL-2、sIL-2R均采用酶联免疫吸附试验。结果：30例Graves’眼病患者血清IL-2治疗前水平非常显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）;经免疫抑制剂治疗6个月后水平较治疗前升高非常显著,与对照组比较已无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;sIL-2R含量治疗前非常显著的高于治疗后组和对照组（P〈0.01）;经用上述方案治疗后与对照组比较下降非常显著,但仍存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）;血清TGF-β浓度在治疗前非常显著地高于对照组（P〈0.01）;经治疗后显著下降,但与对照组比较差异仍非常显著（P〈0.01）。结论：Graves’眼病患者血清IL-2、sIL-2R和TGF-β三项血清指标的测定对于了解和认识其发病机理及预估病情有帮助。     

前列腺癌患者血清IGF-Ⅰ、PRL及SE-cad测定的临床意义

目的:探讨前列腺癌患者血清IGF-Ⅰ、PRL及SE-cad水平的变化及临床意义.方法:血清IGF-Ⅰ采用放射免疫分析;fPSA及PRL采用化学发光法;血清SE-cad采用酶联免疫分析法.结果:前列腺增生组患者血清IGF-Ⅰ水平较对照组升高显著(P＜0.05);血清PRL含量也较对照组显著升高(P＜0.05);SE-cad浓度其测定数值也存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).而前列腺癌患者组血清IGF-Ⅰ水平较对照组升高更为显著(P＜0.01);血清PRL含量也较对照组升高极其显著(P＜0.01);SE-cad浓度其测定数值升高同样非常显著(P＜0.01).灵敏度分析表明,fPSA+IGF-Ⅰ和fPSA+SE-cad两组灵敏度显著高于fPSA单项测定组;fPSA+PRL组灵敏度略低,但P＞0.05.特异性分析则fPSA+SE-cad组fPSA单项测定组显著增高(P＜0.05),fPSA+PRL降低明显,fPSA+IGF-Ⅰ组与单项组差异并不显著(P＞0.05).结论:血清IGF-Ⅰ、PRL及SE-cad水平的变化与前列腺癌的发生关系密切,与fPSA的联合测定可提高诊断的灵敏度及特异性,有助于前列腺癌的辅助诊断.     

重症乙型肝炎患者中西医结合治疗前后血清IL-12、TGF-β、CTGF和PDGF水平变化的临床意义

目的：探讨重症乙型肝炎患者中西医结合治疗前后血清相关细胞因子水平的变化及临床意义。方法：将50例重症乙型肝炎患者分为治疗前和治疗后组进行研究;血清TGF-β含量采用放射免疫分析;结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、血小板衍生长因子（PDGF）和IL-12测定均采用酶联免疫吸附法。结果：IL-12水平治疗前组显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,治疗后水平下降不显著,仍显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。TGF-β含量治疗前组显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗后水平下降显著（P〈0.05）,但与对照组比较仍呈显著高水平（P〈0.05）。CTGF浓度治疗前组显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,治疗后下降显著（P〈0.05）,但仍显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。PDGF水平治疗前组显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,治疗后显著下降（P〈0.05）,但仍非常显著地高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：重症乙型肝炎患者血清TGF-β、CTGF、IL-12及PDGF四项血清指标的测定对于研究患者的病情进展及预后评估提供了有价值的实验依据。     

妊娠期高血压病患者血管活性因子水平的变化

目的：探讨妊娠期高血压病患者血浆神经肽Y（NPY）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）及可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）水平的变化与患者发病的关系。方法：：32例非孕妇女、30例正常孕妇（对照组）及30例妊娠期高血压病患者的血浆NPY、CGRP含量均采用放射免疫分析;血浆sVCAM-1和sICAM-1采用酶联免疫分析法测定。结果：本文结果显示,对照组CGRP水平较非孕妇女组升高显著（P〈0.05）;妊娠期高血压病治疗前组CGRP水平较对照组降低非常显著（P均〈0.01）;经治疗水平明显升高,但与对照组比较仍存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。NPY水平对照组较非孕妇女组升高无显著性（P〉0.05）;治疗前组NPY水平较对照组升高非常显著（P〈0.01）;经治疗水平已明显下降,与对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。sVCAM-1水平对照组与非孕妇女组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;治疗前组水平较对照组升高显著（P〈0.05）;经治疗水平明显下降,较对照组略高,但已无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。sICAM-1水平显示对照组及非孕妇女组略升高,但无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;治疗前组较对照组略高,但也无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;经治疗sICAM-1水平与对照组比较亦无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。相关分析结果显示,CGRP含量血浆浓度与其平均动脉压呈显著负相关（r=-0.5812,P〈0.01）,而NPY含量则显著高于对照组妇女,并随病情的加重而上升,与其平均动脉压呈显著正相关（r=0.6097,P〈0.01）。结论：妊娠期高血压病患者血浆NPY、CGRP及sVCAM-1三项指标的测定对于了解和认识其发病机理及预估病情有帮助。     

Prolactin and growth hormone secretion after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone infusion and dopaminergic (DA2) blockade in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis

BACKGROUND: The origin of infertility in patients with endometriosis without tubal occlusion has not yet been clearly defined. Several reports show an abnormal pituitary-ovarian axis in this group of patients. Moreover, prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) secretion is closely related to reproductive status. This study aimed to evaluate PRL and GH secretion after metoclopramide and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) infusion in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis. METHODS: A total of 64 women participated in the study: 33 fertile patients without endometriosis; 10 fertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis; and 21 infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis. TRH or metoclopramide was administered randomly in two sequential menstrual cycles (cycle days 3-5). Serum PRL and GH secretion before and after dopaminergic type 2 (DA2) receptor blockade and TRH were compared. RESULTS: Higher serum PRL levels were observed in patients with endometriosis at baseline and after 15 and 30 min of TRH administration. Also, infertile patients with endometriosis had lower serum estradiol levels than fertile patients. Moreover, the dopaminergic blockade did not result in abnormal PRL or GH secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased serum estradiol levels and altered PRL secretion after TRH administration in infertile patients with minimal/mild endometriosis are related to ovulatory dysfunction and infertility in this group of patients without tubal occlusion.     

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone enhances event-related brain potentials and growth hormone release in man

Changes in contingent negative variation (CNV), a brain-evoked potential related in arousal, as well as in serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), cortisol and growth hormone (GH) levels were recorded in 12 male volunteers receiving either thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or saline infusion. Only during TRH administration an increase in CNV (P less than 0.02) and, 30 min later, in GH (P less than 0.05) occurred; thyroid hormones and PRL increased as well, in the absence of any correlation with CNV areas. Cortisol was not affected by TRH. As dopamine (DA) agonistic drugs notoriously increase both CNV areas and GH levels and experimental evidence for prodopaminergic properties of TRH has accumulated in animal models, a possible explanation of the results here presented might be the activation of DA pathways by TRH also in the human.     

Endocrine changes induced by venipuncture in rhesus monkeys

An animal-worn, remotely activated blood collection device was used to obtain estimates of baseline levels of testosterone (T), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) from unrestrained and active male rhesus monkeys. As soon as possible after this baseline period, the males were captured and a final venipuncture sample was obtained. Venipuncture produced elevated GH levels compared to values obtained using the blood collection device, but was without detectable effect upon levels of T and PRL. Cortisol values, available only from a single animal, displayed an increase in response to venipuncture, much like that seen for GH.     

Somatotropic adenomas without acromegaly.

Seventeen somatotropic adenomas removed from patients without acromegaly were studied. Thirteen of them presented as a prolactinoma with amenorrhea and/or galactorrhea and elevated serum PRL levels. According to basal serum GH levels, the patients were divided into two groups, namely Group I: GH slightly elevated (n = 4) and group II: GH less than or equal to 5 micrograms/l (n = 13). The tumoral GH secretion was proved by immunocytochemistry in all cases and by intratumoral RIA, in vitro study and/or in situ hybridization in five of them. Pathological, clinical and biochemical relationships suggested two anatomoclinical aspects. In group I, the tumors were small, well-differentiated somatotropic adenomas with clinically silent GH hypersecretion. It is probably an early stage of the disease. In group II, the tumors were large with normal GH serum levels. They were poorly differentiated and secreted very low amounts of GH. In nine of them, PRL and/or PRL mRNA expression were also detected. These tumors do not secrete enough GH to increase serum levels and cause acromegaly. The somatotropic adenomas without acromegaly correspond to two anatomoclinical aspects of the disease.     

生长激素和泌乳素在SLE患者血清中的表达及其与SLE病情程度的相关性研究

目的 研究生长激素(GH)和泌乳素(PRL)在SLE患者血清中的表达及其与SLE病情程度的相关性.方法 将105例SLE患者根据活动评分分为4个等级,分别为无活动患者,轻度活动患者,中度活动患者,重度活动患者.选取86例正常健康者作为对照组.每组抽取静脉血5mL,ELISA试剂盒检测血清中GH和PRL的水平.结果 SLE患者血清中GH和PRL的水平较正常对照组显著升高(P＜0.01),且不同病理分级中的水平也不同,其中重度组的水平最高,中度、轻度、无活动期患者血清中的水平依次降低,但均比正常对照组水平高(P＜0.01).结论 GH、PRL在SLE患者血清中的表达较正常对照组显著升高,且随着病情程度的加重,其水平逐渐增加,这为SLE患者的进一步研究提供了有力的理论依据.     

Changes in serum concentrations and pituitary content of the two prolactins and growth hormone during the reproductive cycle in female tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, compared with changes during fasting

Patterns of change in serum concentrations and pituitary content of GH and two tilapia prolactins (PRL177 and PRL188) were examined during the reproductive cycle of female tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, adapted to fresh water and to seawater. Changes in these hormones during fasting were examined to elucidate whether changes observed during brooding could be attributed to a reduction in feeding during brooding. Serum concentrations of GH increased prior to pituitary content during the brooding phase of the reproductive cycle. In contrast, pituitary content of GH increased prior to serum concentrations during fasting. There was no consistent pattern of change in serum or pituitary PRL levels during the reproductive cycle, among experiments. Serum concentrations of PRL177 were elevated in all fasted fish, whereas PRL188 was elevated during fasting in males but not females. The increases in the serum concentration of PRLs and GH, and in the pituitary content of GH in response to fasting support the notion that these hormones are involved in the regulation of the use of metabolic substrates in tilapia. We conclude that reduced food intake during brooding may contribute to changes in serum and pituitary levels of the PRLs and GH observed during the reproductive cycle. Nevertheless, differences between changes in serum and pituitary GH during brooding and fasting suggest GH has actions in reproduction, and changes in GH during brooding are not only in response to fasting.     

Pituitary adenomas in acromegaly: Comparison of different adenoma types with clinical data

Adenoma tissues from 309 patients with active acromegaly was examined by routine light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, and selectively by electron microscopy. All adenomas were immunoreactive for growth hormone. Eighty-seven adenomas were monohormonal (28%), 58 were bihormonal (immunoreactive for growth hormone and prolactin) (19%), and 157 adenomas were plurihormonal (51%), with positivity for glyco-proteins and/or their α-subunit as well. The mean tumor size was significantly greater in monohormonal adenomas than in other adenoma types. There was no difference in invasiveness among the various adenoma types. Younger patients showed invasive tumor growth more often. Patients with densely granulated GH cell adenomas had a significantly longer duration of symptoms compared to patients with other adenoma types. More than half of the patients with sparsely granulated GH cell adenomas had a duration of less than 5 yr. There was no correlation between duration of symptoms and tumor size. The preoperative mean GH level was significantly higher in patients with sparsely granulated GH cell adenomas than in those with mixed GH/PRL cell adenomas. The preoperative mean PRL level was significantly higher in patients with bihormonal adenomas than in those with plurihormonal adenomas. There was an inverse correlation between age and preoperative GH and PRL levels. No linear correlation was found between preoperative basal GH and PRL levels. Monohormonal adenomas presented more often with suprasellar and/or parasellar extension than other adenoma types. Our data suggest a positive correlation between tumor extension and preoperative GH and PRL levels. Patients with plurihormonal adenomas were significantly older than patients with sparsely granulated GH cell adenomas and mixed GH/PRL cell adenomas. No significant difference was found between the various adenoma types and the extent of surgical removal, which depends on the degree of invasiveness, tumor size, and extrasellar tumor extension.     

乳腺癌患者手术前后血浆leptin和血清PRL、E2、TSGF检测的临床意义

目的：探讨乳腺癌手术治疗前后血浆leptin和血清PRL、E：和TSGF水平的变化及临床意义．方法：应用酶联免疫吸附试验法、电化学发光法、化学法对33例乳腺癌患者进行了手术治疗前后血浆leptin和血清PRL、E：和TSGF检测,并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果：乳腺癌患者手术治疗前血浆leptin和血清PRL、E,和TSGF水平均显著地高于正常人组（P〈0．01）,经手术治疗3个月后与正常人组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,且血浆leptin水平和血清PRL、E2和TSGF水平呈显著正相关（r=0．6139、0．5821、0．4982,P〈0．01）。结论：leptin和PRL、E2和TSGF的变化参与了乳腺癌的发生与发展。     

Seasonal changes in prolactin and growth hormone cells in the hypophyses of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis) studied by light microscopic immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay

Numerous investigators have shown a relationship between basal serum prolactin (PRL) levels and photoperiod in domestic ungulates, and we have shown recently that a similar seasonal baseline serum PRL profile exists in both sexes of a captive but free-breeding population of white-tailed deer. In order to localize and describe the distribution and possible seasonal changes of PRL and growth hormone (GH) cells in the adenohypophyses of deer, we have used antisera raised against ovine PRL and bovine GH and the unlabeled antibody enzyme technique, in conjunction with point counting morphometry. In addition, we have measured seasonal changes in pituitary PRL concentrations in this same population, using a heterologous application of a recently developed homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for ovine PRL. Our results show that GH and PRL cells comprise two morphologically separate and immunologically distinct populations. Growth hormone cells were distributed evenly throughout the gland, except in the zona tuberalis, and males had a slightly greater volume density of immunoreactive GH than females; however, there were no differences between sexes in the average size of these cells, and little seasonal change was observed in these cell populations. In contrast to GH cells, the volume density of PRL cells, the size of PRL cells, and the pituitary concentration of RIA-measurable PRL all showed marked seasonal changes in deer of both sexes. These changes were well correlated with one another and with previously reported changes in basal serum levels (in these animals), in that they all reached zenith during midsummer, and nadir in midwinter. Our results demonstrate the necessity of reporting the time of year and latitude (to specify photoperiod) in studies concerning PRL cell physiology, particularly when dealing with any wild animal population.