肺炎支原体感染与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨肺炎支原体（MP）感染与冠状动脉粥样硬化（CAS）的关系。方法采用EusA法检测CAS患者（CAS组）和健康者（对照组）的血清MP抗体IgG、IgM,胶乳增强免疫比浊法检测CAS组的血清高敏C反应蛋白（Ha-CRP）,酶法检测血脂,ELISA法检测TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6。结果CAS组MPIgG阳性率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）;与MPIgG阴性患者比较,CRP组MPIgG阳性患者的TC、TG、LDL-C明显升高,HDL—C明显降低,TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6明显升高（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。各检测指标与CAS患者MP感染均独立相关,以Hs—CRP、IL-6的相关性最大（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。结论MP感染与CAS有关,其可能通过感染及炎症反应参与CAS的发生、发展。     

弓形虫感染对大鼠脑组织神经丝mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨弓形虫感染对大鼠脑组织神经丝（NF）mRNA表达和细胞免疫水平的影响。方法将4周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分成2组：弓形虫感染组（A组）腹腔感染弓形虫速殖子2×10^2／ml悬液2ml;正常对照组（B组）腹腔注射灭菌生理盐水2ml。感染弓形虫速殖子9周后,应用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测大鼠大脑组织中高分子量NF（NF—H）、中分子量NF（NF—M）和低分子量NF（NF—L）mRNA表达水平;流式细胞术检测大鼠外周血CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞;ELISA测定其血清IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4等细胞因子。结果大鼠弓形虫感染9周后,大脑组织NF．LmRNA下降为正常对照组的64％（P〈0．01）;NF—M为96％（P〉0．05）;NF—H为89％（P〈0．05）。感染组大鼠的CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞与正常对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）;感染组大鼠血清中IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4等细胞因子的水平均高于正常对照组大鼠水平（P〈0．05）。结论弓形虫感染可导致大鼠脑组织中NF亚单位mRNA表达水平的下降,血清IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4水平的升高。     

2型糖尿病患者血清炎症因子变化及意义

比较T2DM大血管病变组81例、单纯T2DM患者81例与80例正常健康人血清hs—CRP、IL-6及TNF-α水平。结果：T2DM大血管病变组的hs—CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）和单纯T2DM组（P〈0．01）。且T2DM患者血清hs—CRP与IL-6、hs—CRP与TNF-α、IL-6与TNF-α呈正相关。结论：提示hs—CRP、IL-6、TNF-α与T2DM发病有显著相关性,炎症是导致糖尿病发生、发展的危险因子。     

胃癌患者血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平变化及意义

目的观察胃癌患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、IL-6、IL-8的水平变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用ELISA法测定60例胃癌（胃癌组）、25例胃良性病变患者（良性组）血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8,并与25例健康者（正常组）作对照。结果胃癌组血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平明显高于良性组和正常组（P〈0．05）,且TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平随着胃癌临床病理分期的增加而升高（P〈0．05）。肿瘤根治手术后患者血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平较术前明显降低（P〈0．05）;良性组血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平与正常组近似（P〉0．05）。结论胃癌患者血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平增高;检测胃癌患者血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8有助于病情判断和估计预后。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者CRP、IL-1β、TNF-α水平的临床意义

目的探讨C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）在老年慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的血清表达水平及临床意义。方法分别测定58例老年健康人群（对照组）,62例老年COPD急性加重期患者（AECO-PD组）和54例老年COPD稳定期患者（COPD稳定期组）血清CRP、IL-1β、TNF-α水平。结果对照组CRP、IL-1β、TNF-α的血清浓度值明显低于AECOPD组及COPD稳定期组,COPD稳定期组CRP、IL-1β、TNF-α的血清浓度值明显低于AECOPD组,两者之间的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 CRP、TNF-α、IL-1β等细胞因子在COPD的发病及急性加重中起重要作用,而且与机体的系统性炎症反应有密切关系。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者血清TNF-α、IL-8的检测及意义

目的探讨TNF-α、IL-8在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）发病中的作用及临床意义。方法采用ELISA法测定38例活动期（病情为轻度12例、中度15例、重度11例）、22例缓解期UC患者（观察组）及20例查体健康者（对照组）血清TNF-α及IL-8水平。结果观察组活动期患者TNF-α和IL-8水平均显著高于缓解期和对照组（P均〈0．05）,缓解期患者显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。轻、中、重度患者血清TNF-α和IL-8水平逐渐升高（P〈0．05）。结论TNF-α和IL-8参与了UC的炎症过程;血浆TNF-α和IL-8水平可作为判断UC患者病变严重程度和复发的重要指标。     

消化性溃疡患者血清c反应蛋白和肿瘤坏死因子α水平测定的临床意义

目的研究血清炎症因子C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）在消化性溃疡（PU）活动（A）期与瘢痕（S）期的变化。方法PU123例，其中幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性（＋）A期53例和S期12例；Hp阴性（-）A期20例和S期38例；健康对照组30例。全部参试者均测定血清CRP、TNF-α和电子胃镜检查。结果PU无论是Hp（＋）和Hp（-）的A期与S期，CRP、TNF-α值均高于对照组，且除Hp（-）S期与对照组比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）外。其它各组与之比较P均〈0．05；组间比较除Hp（＋）S期与却（＋）A期比较，Hp（＋）S期与Hp（-）A期比较无统计学意义外（P〉0．05），其它组间比较都有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论消化性溃疡患者血清CRP、TNF-α水平升高，可反映疾病处于炎症活动期；CRP与TNF-α的测定可作为判断消化性溃疡病变程度及疗效的参考指标。     

胸腺肽-α_1对反复肺部感染老年患者的临床疗效

目的研究胸腺肽-α1对反复肺部感染老年患者的临床疗效。方法临床选择58例反复肺部感染老年患者、分为胸腺肽治疗组（30例）和常规治疗组（28例）,两周后比较两组临床疗效,并检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及C反应蛋白浓度。结果胸腺肽组有效率93%高于对照组;胸腺肽治疗组治疗后CD3＋、CD4＋、CD4＋/CD8＋升高（P〈0.05）;治疗前后两组CRP均明显降低（P〈0.05）,胸腺肽组与对照组相比结果有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论胸腺肽-α1可提高反复肺部感染老年患者CD3＋、CD4＋淋巴细胞亚群比例及CD4＋/CD8＋比值,有利于感染控制。     

急性胰腺炎患者血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8水平测定及分析

目的 观察TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8在急性胰腺炎（AP）发病中的作用。方法 对60例AP患者（AP组）分别于入院时及治疗7d后抽取空腹肘静脉血,采用放射性免疫法检测血清及TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8水平,同时选择20例健康体检者作为对照组。结果 AP组入院时血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8水平均显著高于对照组,其中重症（SAP）者显著高于轻症（MAP）者（P均〈0．05）;治疗7d后AP组上述指标均明显低于入院时,其中SAP患者仍显著高于对照组（P均〈0．05）。结论TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8均与AP发生、发展密切相关;检测其血清水平有助于AP早期诊断、病情判断和疗效观察。     

老年重症肺炎患者血清内脂素变化的临床意义

目的探讨老年重症肺炎患者血清内脂素水平变化的临床意义。方法采用前瞻性研究,选择老年重症肺炎患者59例,老年非重症肺炎患者77例,及30例健康老年体检者作对照组。检测三组血清内脂素、TNF—α、CRP、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）。老年重症肺炎和非重症肺炎组进行血气分析、APACHEⅡ评分。结果与对照组比较,老年重症肺炎组内脂素高于非重症肺炎组及对照组（P均〈0．01）,非重症肺炎组内脂素亦高于对照组（P〈0．01）。老年重症肺炎组中内脂素水平与TNF—α、CRP、IL-6、IL-8呈正相关俨〈0．05）,与PaO2、氧合指数呈负相关俨〈0．05）。结论老年重症肺炎患者血清内脂素升高,提示内脂素可能是一种促炎脂肪细胞因子,对于重症肺炎病情严重程度的判断具有一定的临床意义。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Echocardiography in the Emergency Department: From the Perspective of the Emergency Physician and the Cardiologist

Echocardiography performed in the emergency department must adapt to this new setting for noninvasive diagnostic testing. Emergency physicians require echocardiography to provide rapid diagnosis in life-threatening emergencies. New initiatives are being proposed by emergency physicians in the delivery of this test. Cardiologists now use echocardiography in the emergency-department to make the diagnosis of heart disease earlier and with greater accuracy.