How to harvest skin graft from the avulsed flap in degloving injuries

A new and simple way of harvesting skin graft from a degloved flap is presented. This technique allows precise harvesting and does not require assistance. The split-thickness skin excision is also a reliable diagnostic tool for determining degloved flap avascularity.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

吻合血管原位修复手部皮肤撕脱伤

目的 探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的原位修复的具体方法及相关治疗结果,并评价该方法的实用性.方法 通过吻合血管对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行原位修复共21例.①清创后皮肤静脉与基部断端吻合,适用于撕脱皮肤中含有静脉者,本组8例;②拇指吻合动脉和静脉,而手掌侧或背侧撕脱皮肤加压包扎,适用于手掌或手背撕脱合并有拇指脱套伤,本组7例:③指根部动、静脉移植吻合,掌、背侧撕脱皮肤原位修复加压包扎,适用于全手脱套伤、皮肤撕脱至指蹼以远者,本组6例.结果 16例撕脱皮肤完全成活,4例大部分成活,其中3例为直接吻合静脉者,1例为手掌部撕脱合并拇指皮肤脱套伤者,均为掌心皮肤坏死,范围为2 cm×3 cm,二期经游离植皮而愈.1例大部分坏死,为全手脱套伤者,手指部分完全坏死,二期行截肢术.随访1.0～2.5年,20例保肢成功者手掌外观及色泽接近正常,但瘢痕比较明显,皮肤轻度萎缩,感觉S2～S3级,手指伸、屈功能满意,重返工作岗位.结论 对手部皮肤撕脱伤进行分类,采用不同的显微外科吻合血管技术,行皮肤原位回植,能取得令人满意的结果.     

Degloving Injury

Abstract Background: Degloving is a potentially serious injury in which an extensive area of skin is torn from its underlying attachments and thereby deprived of its blood supply. Case Study: Two cases of degloving injury are described, one occurring as a result of the shearing effect of a vehicle wheel passing over the limb in a run-over accident and one caused by a ring of the fourth-hand finger. The degloved skin must be grafted with the help of plastic surgery either by removing the subcutaneous fat from the damaged skin and applying it as a free graft or by taking a graft from elsewhere. Conclusion: Degloved skin is dead and should be replaced as if it were a free skin graft. A number of plastic surgical procedures are available at the moment.     

全下肢皮肤脱套伤的治疗及评价

目的 报道全下肢皮肤脱套伤的手术方法及临床效果。方法 应用薄全厚皮回植方法治疗全下肢皮肤脱套伤4例。结果 术后皮肤成活率96％以上，外形、感觉恢复均满意。结论 应用薄型全厚皮方法将脱套皮肤回植，为全下肢皮肤脱套伤或大面积皮肤撕脱伤提供一个良好手术方式。     

全手皮肤脱套伤的治疗体会

目的报道全手皮肤脱套伤的手术方法及临床效果。方法通过重建手指动、静脉,并吻合脱套皮肤和前臂皮肤深、浅静脉建立静脉回流后,将脱套皮肤回植的方法治疗全手皮肤脱套伤3例。结果术后全手皮肤全部成活,外形、感觉恢复均较为满意。结论通过重建浅静脉回流的方式将脱套皮肤回植,为全手皮肤脱套伤提供了一个术式。     

Primary reattachment of avulsed skin flaps with negative pressure wound therapy in degloving injuries of the lower extremity

Large avulsed skin flaps of the lower extremity caused by degloving injuries eventually develop skin necrosis in most cases. The current treatment option involves excision of the degloved skin and reapplication as a full- or split-thickness skin graft. We considered that reattachment of avulsed skin flaps without excision would be theoretically beneficial, since some circulation may remain around the connected pedicle and thus facilitate graft take. Furthermore, securing the skin to the original anatomic position is much easier using retained landmarks. We treated a total of 12 patients (13 cases) with degloving injuries of the lower extremity. In all cases, the avulsed skin flap was defatted and sewn back to the original position, then negative-pressure wound therapy was applied over those grafts as a bolster for approximately 7 days. Most of the avulsed skin flap took excellently, particularly close to the connected pedicle. Nine cases did not need any additional surgical procedures. Four cases required secondary skin graft for a small area of open wound due to partial necrosis of the defatted skin, as well as the raw surface left by the primary skin defect in the initial operation. Primary reattachment of the avulsed skin flaps without excision is convenient and efficient to cover the open wound over the exposed fascia and periosteum in degloving injuries. This would potentially offer a better alternative to definitive wound closure.     

Studies on the nature of the flap/bed interaction in rodents--Part I: Flap survival under varying conditions

A flap needs close contact with its bed for optimal flap survival. Using a rat dorsal flap model, flap/bed contact times were varied by use of a sterile polyethylene film. In addition, the flap was modified either by removing the panniculus carnosus or by converting the distal flap into a skin graft. Finally, the effect of using a dressing was assessed. Several observations were made: (1) The initial 6 to 12 hours of a flap's interaction with its bed is critical for optimal survival; (2) fluorescein accurately predicted flap survival upon polyethylene removal; (3) removing the panniculus carnosus increased flap and skin graft survival; (4) dressing allowed flaps and skin grafts to better withstand bed deprivation; and (5) distal flaps and skin grafts under various conditions responded differently to bed deprivation.     

Regionalized coverage of the totally degloved foot by a combination of “Boat sock” style free flap and skin graft

IntroductionTo maximize the morpho-functional recovery on the totally degloved foot while not excessively introducing the technical complexity of microsurgery, we present a regionalized reconstruction, in which the highly functional subunit (weight-bearing area and ankle-around area) is covered by free skin flaps, and the less functional subunit (dorsum) by skin graft.MethodsFrom June 2011 to December 2017, 10 patients who had total degloving injury on foot underwent reconstruction based on regionalized coverage. As the shape of combined flaps resemble a boat sock in high-heeled shoe, we name it as “Boat Sock” flaps. Complication like vascular compromise, partial or total flap loss, Equinus deformity and delayed plantar ulceration were documented elaborately. Secondary surgeries were also recorded. Foot function was evaluated by Maryland foot score at the last follow up.ResultsTwenty-one free skin flaps were used for “Boat sock” coverage on highly functional subunits. Flap dimension ranged from 19×5cm² to 28×8cm² (mean 151cm²). Among these flaps, one experienced partial necrosis which was treated conservatively, one experienced burn due to lack of protective sensation. Complication like Equinus deformity or delayed plantar ulceration did not occur. Secondary surgery included debulking on two cases. Mean Maryland foot score was 90.4.ConclusionThis regionalized coverage by “Boat Sock” flaps and skin graft could serve as a standard procedure for reconstruction of the totally degloved foot, by offering the benefits of multi-plane coverage, a well-contoured ankle, an abrasion-tolerant planta, and eclectic surgical complexities.     

Vaccum assisted closure: an alternative strategy in the management of degloving injuries of the foot.

A case of a degloving injury to the foot is presented in a patient who also sustained severe contralateral lower-limb trauma. We report a technique for salvaging the foot by replacing the degloved skin as a full-thickness graft and securing it using the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device. A good outcome was achieved and technical tips are provided to facilitate reproduction of the procedure.     

示指背侧皮瓣与趾腓侧皮瓣瓦合修复拇指套脱伤

目的 介绍应用示指背侧岛状皮瓣与游离趾腓侧皮瓣瓦合修复拇指套脱伤的临床方法.方法 对9例残留甲床的拇指套脱伤患者,采用示指背侧岛状皮瓣与趾腓侧游离皮瓣瓦合进行修复.结果 术后9例拇指瓦合皮瓣全部存活,随访时间为6个月至3年,皮瓣颜色、质地良好,拇指指甲生长良好,外形和功能满意,皮瓣两点分辨觉为8～10mm.供区示指及足趾植皮区愈合良好,无明显功能影响.结论 示指背侧岛状皮瓣与游离趾腓侧皮瓣瓦合修复是治疗残留甲床的拇指套脱伤的一种较好方法.