Correction: Nano N-TiO2 mediated selective photocatalytic synthesis of quinaldines from nitrobenzenes

Correction for ‘Nano N-TiO₂ mediated selective photocatalytic synthesis of quinaldines from nitrobenzenes’ by Kaliyamoorthy Selvam et al., RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 2848–2855, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01178F.

The authors regret omitting citations of their related papers in Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical and Applied Catalysis A: General: ‘Cost effective one-pot photocatalytic synthesis of quinaldines from nitroarenes by silver loaded TiO₂’ (DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.09.014)¹ and ‘Mesoporous nitrogen doped nano titania—A green photocatalyst for the effective reductive cleavage of azoxybenzenes to amines or 2-phenyl indazoles in methanol’ (DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2011.11.011).² The citations should have appeared in the following places as ref. 36 (ref. 1, in the reference list here) and ref. 37 (ref. 2, in the reference list here):In the sentence starting on line 5 of paragraph 5 in the introduction:‘Photocatalytic synthesis of quinolone derivatives from nitrobenzene using TiO₂, metal doped TiO₂ and others had been reported earlier.^1,23–25’At the end of Section 3.12 with the addition of the following sentence:‘This catalyst was also found to be effective for the reductive cleavage of azoxybenzenes to amines or 2-phenyl indazoles in methanol.²’The authors regret that it was not clear in the original article that the bare TiO₂ and N-TiO₂ characterisation data had been reproduced from their related Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Applied Catalysis A: General and Catalysis Communications papers.^1–3 Although the Catalysis Communications article was cited as ref. 25 (ref. 3, in the reference list here) in the original article, it was not made clear that some of the data was reproduced from this article. The appropriate figure captions have been updated to reflect this.Fig. 2: Diffuse reflectance spectra of (a) bare TiO₂, (b) N-TiO₂ and (c) TiO₂-P25. The bare TiO₂ data in Fig. 2a have been reproduced with permission from ref. 1. Copyright 2011 Elsevier. The N-TiO₂ data in Fig. 2b have been reproduced with permission from ref. 2. Copyright 2012 Elsevier.Fig. 3: Photoluminescence spectra of (a) bare TiO₂, (b) TiO₂-P25 and (c) N-TiO₂. The bare TiO₂ data in Fig. 3a have been reproduced with permission from ref. 1. Copyright 2011 Elsevier. The N-TiO₂ data in Fig. 3c have been reproduced with permission from ref. 2. Copyright 2012 Elsevier.Fig. 4: HR-TEM analysis: (a and b) images at two different regions of N-TiO₂, (c) SAED pattern of N-TiO₂, (d) lattice fringes of N-TiO₂ and (e) particle size distribution of N-TiO₂. Fig. 4 has been entirely reproduced with permission from ref. 2. Copyright 2012 Elsevier.Fig. 5: X-ray photoelectron spectra of N-TiO₂: (a) survey spectrum, (b) Ti 2p peak, (c) O 1s peak, (d) N 1s peak and (e) C peak. Fig. 5 has been entirely reproduced with permission from ref. 2. Copyright 2012 Elsevier.Fig. 6: (a) N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms of N-TiO₂ and (b) its pore size distribution. Fig. 6 has been entirely reproduced with permission from ref. 2. Copyright 2012 Elsevier.Fig. 8: GC-MS chromatograms at different reaction times for the photocatalytic conversion of nitrobenzene with N-TiO₂. Fig. 8 has been entirely reproduced with permission from ref. 3. Copyright 2011 Elsevier.The authors also wish to remove Fig. 1 from the original article due to similarities between two of the spectra and the raw data no longer being available. This does not affect the conclusions as the presence of nitrogen was confirmed by other techniques.The authors also wish to clarify the differences between this RSC Advances paper and the Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Applied Catalysis A: General and Catalysis Communications papers.^1–3 The Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical paper discusses the photocatalytic synthesis of quinaldines from nitroarenes by silver loaded TiO₂.¹ The Applied Catalysis A: General paper reports the reductive cleavage of azoxybenzenes to amines or 2-phenyl indazoles using mesoporous nitrogen doped nano titania.² The Catalysis Communications paper, ref. 25 in the original article, discusses the synthesis of quinaldines from nitroarenes with gold loaded TiO₂ nanoparticles.³ The original RSC Advances paper discusses the catalytic ability of N-TiO₂ in the synthesis of quinaldines from nitrobenzenes. In each paper, either a different catalyst was used or a different synthetic reaction was investigated.     

Retraction: Magnetic Fe3O4@NiO hierarchical structures: preparation and their excellent As(v) and Cr(vi) removal capabilities

Retraction of ‘Magnetic Fe₃O₄@NiO hierarchical structures: preparation and their excellent As(v) and Cr(vi) removal capabilities’ by Shouwei Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2013, 3, 2754–2764, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA22495J.

The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the named authors, hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article. The authors requested to retract this article because they admitted that the TEM characterization of the Fe₃O₄@NiO hierarchical microspheres in Fig. 4c was duplicated from the characterization of Fe₃O₄@NiAl-LDH microspheres in Fig. S4B from a J. Am. Chem. Soc. paper by Mingfei Shao et al. without permission.¹ The authors would like to apologise to the authors of ref. 1, and for any inconvenience to readers.Signed: Shouwei Zhang, Jiaxing Li, Jinzhang Xu and Xiangke WangDate: 11th August 2021Tao Wen was contacted but did not respondRetraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Fabrication of hollow CoS1.097 prisms toward supercapactior performance

Retraction of ‘Fabrication of hollow CoS_1.097 prisms toward supercapactior performance’ by Ruili Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 10814–10819.

We, the named authors, hereby wholly retract this RSC Advances article due to extensive overlap with the text, data and figures published in ref. 1, which means that this RSC Advances article is redundant. All the figures and tables in this RSC Advances article have been reproduced from ref. 1.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience to readers.Signed: Ruili Zhang and Ping Yang.Date: 8^th July 2019.We do not have current contact details for the second author of the article, Yuntao Yang, as he has graduated and therefore has not been able to comment on the retraction.Retraction endorsed by Andrew Shore, Executive Editor, RSC Advances.     

Correction: Facile preparation of bithiazole-based material for inkjet printed light-emitting electrochemical cell

Correction for ‘Facile preparation of bithiazole-based material for inkjet printed light-emitting electrochemical cell’ by Jingpei Huo et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 6163–6168.

The authors regret that the funding information in the acknowledgements of the original article was incorrect. “Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2018A030310350)” should be “Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2018A1660001)”.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Solution-processed Cu2XSnS4 (X = Fe,Co, Ni) photo-electrochemical and thin film solar cells on vertically grown ZnO nanorod arrays

Correction for ‘Solution-processed Cu₂XSnS₄ (X = Fe, Co, Ni) photo-electrochemical and thin film solar cells on vertically grown ZnO nanorod arrays’ by Anima Ghosh et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 115204–115212.

The authors regret that there were two errors in the original article. In the “Experimental details” section on page 115205, “1 M sodium sulfide at 70–80 °C for 24 h” should have read “0.5 M sodium sulfide at 70–80 °C for 24 h”. Additionally, Fig. 3 parts (b)–(d) were mistakenly reproduced from the authors’ previous publication (ref. 33 in the original article). The correct Fig. 3 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 3(a and b) FESEM images of ZnO nanorod arrays, ZnS sensitized ZnO nanorods; (c and d) cross-sectional images of ZnO nanorod arrays and ZnS sensitized ZnO nanorods. The inset in panel (a) shows ZnO nanorod arrays and the inset in panel (b) shows a magnified view.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: MOF-5 derived carbon as material for CO2 adsorption

Correction for ‘MOF-5 derived carbon as material for CO₂ absorption’ by Wojciech Kukulka et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 18527–18537.

The authors regret that the title shown in the original article and several sentences were incorrect due to the use of the word “absorption” in place of “adsorption”. The correct title is as shown above and all instances of “absorption” in the text should be “adsorption”. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Comparative pharmacokinetics of four active components on normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of Gandi capsules

Correction for ‘Comparative pharmacokinetics of four active components on normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of Gandi capsules’ by Renjie Xu et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 6620–6628.

AJing Xu''s name, affiliation and E-mail address were incorrectly reproduced in the published article. The correct versions are shown here.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Retraction: Olefin epoxidation with chiral salen Mn(iii) immobilized on ZnPS-PVPA upon alkyldiamine

Retraction of ‘Olefin epoxidation with chiral salen Mn(iii) immobilized on ZnPS-PVPA upon alkyldiamine’ by J. Huang et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 19507–19514, DOI: 10.1039/C6RA00002A.

The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the authors, hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to extensive overlap with other published articles by these authors, including the text, data and figures published in ref. 1, which was not cited in this article. Although there are sections of original work, there are significant portions of text overlap, particularly in the Results and discussion section. Fig. 1, 3, 4 and 5, Tables 1 and 2 and Schemes 1 and 2 in the RSC Advances article have also been reproduced from ref. 1.Signed: J. Huang, D. W. Qi, J. L. Cai and X. H. ChenDate: 19^th November 2020Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Salvianolic acid B inhibits inflammatory response and cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes

Retraction of ‘Salvianolic acid B inhibits inflammatory response and cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes’ by Bin Zhu et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 36422–36429, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA02418A.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data.The images in the article were screened by an image integrity expert who confirmed that some of the western blots images in this paper had been duplicated in other articles. There are no common authors between the papers.The Col II band in Fig. 3B of this paper has been duplicated as the p62 band in Fig. 4A of ref. 1.One of the blots in the control band (GAPDH) in Fig. 3D has also been reused as a blot in Fig. 2C of ref. 1 and in Fig. 4A of ref. 2.The authors were asked to provide the raw data for this article but did not respond. Given the significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, and the lack of raw data, the findings presented in this paper are not reliable.The authors have been informed but have not responded to any correspondence regarding the retraction.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC AdvancesDate: 7^th January 2021     

Retraction: Metal-free [2+2+1] cycloaddition polymerization of alkynes,nitriles, and oxygen atoms to functional polyoxazoles

Retraction of ‘Metal-free [2+2+1] cycloaddition polymerization of alkynes, nitriles, and oxygen atoms to functional polyoxazoles’ by Lichao Dong et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 24368–24373, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA04249H.

We, the named authors, hereby wholly retract this RSC Advances article as there is insufficient data to support the structure of the final polymer product, and therefore, the conclusions are not fully supported. In Fig. 1 the peaks of the ¹H-NMR spectrum are stacked together and therefore the spectrum cannot be used as proof of the polymer structure. In Fig. 2, the ¹³C-NMR spectrum, the peaks on the benzene ring cannot correspond to before and after polymerization. Therefore, further research and characterization work is needed to determine the structure of the resulting polymer.The corresponding authors regret this oversight and apologise for any inconvenience to readers. Signed: Lichao Dong, Tian Lan, Yin Liang, Shifeng Guo and Hao ZhangDate: 18 April 2021 Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Correction: Enhanced luminescence and tunable magnetic properties of lanthanide coordination polymers based on fluorine substitution and phenanthroline ligand

Correction for ‘Enhanced luminescence and tunable magnetic properties of lanthanide coordination polymers based on fluorine substitution and phenanthroline ligand’ by Xun Feng et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 16328–16338.

The authors regret that the funding information in the acknowledgements of the original article was incorrect. Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21671114 and U1804113), should be “Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21671114 and U1804131)”.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Retraction: Synthesis and characterization of Co/Ti layered double hydroxide and its application as a photocatalyst for degradation of aqueous Congo Red

Retraction of ‘Synthesis and characterization of Co/Ti layered double hydroxide and its application as a photocatalyst for degradation of aqueous Congo Red’ by Priyadarshi Roy Chowdhury and Krishna G. Bhattacharyya, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 92189–92206.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.The XPS data in Fig. 4B, E and F have been duplicated in another publication, but reported as a different material.¹A repeating segment can be observed in the TEM image presented in Fig. 10C, which indicates that this image has been manipulated.There are unexpected similarities in the baseline of the EDX spectrum in Fig. 10F and the EDX spectra in other publications, which have all been reported as different materials.^1–3There are repeating motifs within the AFM image in Fig. 10G, which indicates that this image has been manipulated. Many of these motifs can also be observed in an AFM image in another publication, but representing a different material.²The image in Fig. 10I is unreliable as it has subsequently been reused in unpublished material to represent different materials.The FTIR data presented in Fig. 16B (blue, red and green spectra) illustrate duplication of data, given that these experiments were reported under different reaction conditions.Given the number and significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, the findings presented in this paper are no longer reliable.Priyadarshi Roy Chowdhury and Krishna G. Bhattacharyya were informed about the retraction of the article but did not respond.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC AdvancesDate: 12^th March 2020     

Correction: Expanded scope of Griesbaum co-ozonolysis for the preparation of structurally diverse sensors of ferrous iron

Correction for ‘Expanded scope of Griesbaum co-ozonolysis for the preparation of structurally diverse sensors of ferrous iron’ by Jun Chen et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 34338–34342, DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05932g.

The authors regret that an incorrect version of Fig. S1 was included in the original article. The correct version of Fig. S1 is presented below.Fig. S1 Representative conformations of putative bridged bicyclic trioxolane adducts, modelled as the trans-N,N-dimethyl carbamates in the peroxide-exposed, iron(ii)-reactive chair conformation using MarvinSketch (v19.10).The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Culturing and patch clamping of Jurkat T cells and neurons on Al2O3 coated nanowire arrays of altered morphology

Correction for ‘Culturing and patch clamping of Jurkat T cells and neurons on Al₂O₃ coated nanowire arrays of altered morphology’ by Jann Harberts et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 11194–11201.

The authors regret that some of the figure citations in the text were incorrect in the original article. The correct figure citations are as follows. On page 11197 the sentence beginning, “For neurons…” should read, “For neurons, shown in Fig. 2d, we observed cell viabilities of 73.9 ± 3.6% and 72.9 ± 6.2% on the control substrates and 65.4 ± 4.5% and 66.5 ± 4.4% on the NW substrates.” Additionally, the sentence beginning, “Furthermore, exemplary images…” should read, “Furthermore, exemplary images of stained neurons cultured on both types of NWs are shown in Fig. 2e and f as well as on the control substrates in Fig. S2.”The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Porous monoliths synthesized via polymerization of styrene and divinyl benzene in nonaqueous deep-eutectic solvent-based HIPEs

Correction for ‘Porous monoliths synthesized via polymerization of styrene and divinyl benzene in nonaqueous deep-eutectic solvent-based HIPEs’ by M. G. Pérez-García et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 23255–23260.

The authors regret that there was an error in the results and discussion section of the original article. On page 23257, the text read, “The surfactant employed here was sorbitan monooleate”. This should have read, “The surfactant employed here was sorbitan stearate”.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Ultrasensitive fluorescent aptasensor for CRP detection based on the RNase H assisted DNA recycling signal amplification strategy

Correction for ‘Ultrasensitive fluorescent aptasensor for CRP detection based on the RNase H assisted DNA recycling signal amplification strategy’ by Zhongzhi Liu et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 11960–11967, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA01352K.

The authors are publishing this correction to draw the reader’s attention to their closely related papers that should have been cited as ref. 42 and 43 in this RSC Advances article. These are given below as ref. 1 and 2, respectively.On page 11963, a citation to ref. 42 should be added to the end of the sentence beginning “The fluorescence intensity…”. Therefore, the sentence should be changed to “The fluorescence intensity and the value of F₁/F₀ were selected to evaluate the effects of the aforementioned reaction conditions on the sensing performance of the developed strategy, where F₁ and F₀ were the fluorescence intensities of the solutions in the presence and absence of CRP, respectively.⁴²”On page 11965–11966, a citation to ref. 43 should be added at the end of the sentence beginning “The detection of CRP…”. Therefore, the sentence should be changed to “The detection of CRP in biological samples by spiking in CRP to human serum, urine and saliva diluted to 10% with buffer solution with the final concentration of 10 ng mL⁻¹ were performed.⁴³”The authors also regret that there are portions of unattributed text overlap in the Introduction, Results and discussion and Conclusion sections with other papers, including ref. 42 and 43.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Retraction: Organometallic Ag nanostructures prepared using Hypericum perforatum extract are highly effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria

Retraction of ‘Organometallic Ag nanostructures prepared using Hypericum perforatum extract are highly effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria’ by Qaisar Maqbool et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 30562–30572.

We, the named authors, wholly retract this RSC Advances article.The authors have repeated the FTIR and TGA analyses of the nanoparticles synthesised using H. perforatum, and also obtained the original data files from the facility that carried out the initial analyses. The authors have compared the new results and the original data files with the data in the published article. They found that the graphs presented in Fig. 7a and b in the article did not correspond to neither the original data nor the new analysis. They also found that the same TGA graph (Fig. 7b) was used in previous articles by the first author but representing a different material.^1,2The Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences have confirmed to the Royal Society of Chemistry that graphs presented in Fig. 7 of this RSC Advances article were manipulated.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused to readers.Signed: Dariusz Kruszka, Piotr Kachlicki and Gregory FranklinDate: 5^th April 2019Qaisar Maqbool opposes this retraction.Retraction endorsed by Andrew Shore, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Simultaneous sorption and reduction of U(vi) on magnetite–reduced graphene oxide composites investigated by macroscopic,spectroscopic and modeling techniques

Retraction of ‘Simultaneous sorption and reduction of U(vi) on magnetite–reduced graphene oxide composites investigated by macroscopic, spectroscopic and modeling techniques’ by Wencai Cheng et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 59677–59685, DOI: 10.1039/C5RA10451C.

The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the authors, hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.The SEM image in Fig. 1C duplicates data published in another publication, but reported as different materials.¹There are unexpected similarities in the XPS spectra presented for M1–rGO and M5–rGO in Fig. 2A.Repeating fragments can be observed in the baseline of the XRD spectrum for GO presented in Fig. 2B, which indicate that it has been manipulated. In addition, the XRD spectrum for M5–rGO in Fig. 2B duplicates data published in ref. 1 and 2, but they have been reported as different materials.Given the number and significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, the findings presented in this paper are no longer reliable.Signed: Wencai Cheng, Zhongxiu Jin, Congcong Ding and Maolin WangDate: 27^th March 2020Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Tuning the chemistry of graphene oxides by a sonochemical approach: application of adsorption properties

Retraction of ‘Tuning the chemistry of graphene oxides by a sonochemical approach: application of adsorption properties’ by Yubing Sun et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 24886–24892, DOI: 10.1039/C5RA02021B.

The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the named authors, hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.The TEM image in Fig. 1B duplicates data published in another publication by Pan et al., but presented as different materials.¹The AFM images in Fig. 1C and D illustrate duplication of data, given that these experiments were reported under different reaction conditions.The EXAFS spectra in Fig. 4 duplicate data in another publication, but reported as different materials.²Given the number and significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, the findings presented in this paper are no longer reliable.Signed: Yubing Sun, Shubin Yang, Congcong Ding and Wencai ChengDate: 27^th March 2020Zhongxiu Jin was contacted but did not respond.Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Ligustrazine attenuates renal damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic nephropathy by inactivating MAPK pathways

Retraction of ‘Ligustrazine attenuates renal damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic nephropathy by inactivating MAPK pathways’ by Hongling Yang et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 21816–21822, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA01674G.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data.The images in the article were screened by an image integrity expert who confirmed that some of the western blot images in this paper had been duplicated in other articles. There are no common authors between the papers.The control bands (GAPDH) in Fig. 3A of this paper are identical to the western blot control bands (GAPDH) presented in Fig. 1E of ref. 1.The control bands (GAPDH) in Fig. 4A of this paper are identical to the western blot control bands (GAPDH) presented in Fig. 2C and Fig. 4G of ref. 2.One of the blots in the control band (GAPDH) in Fig. 4A has also been reused as a blot in Fig. 3D of ref. 3.The authors were asked to provide the raw data for this article but did not respond. Given the significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, and the lack of raw data, the findings presented in this paper are not reliable.The authors have been informed but have not responded to any correspondence regarding the retraction.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances.Date: 7^th January 2021.