农药百菌清和氯氰菊酯对蚕豆根尖细胞遗传损伤的研究

背景与目的： 研究不同浓度农药百菌清、氯氰菊酯对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤。 材料与方法： 分别用不同浓度的农药百菌清(5×10－10～5×10－4 g/L的7种浓度)、氯氰菊酯(5×10－10～5×10－4 g/L的7种浓度)处理蚕豆根后,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率。 结果： 百菌清、氯氰菊酯均能诱发较高的微核率,百菌清在5×10－10～5×10－6 g/L浓度范围内和氯氰菊酯在5×10－10～5×10－8 g/L浓度范围内,均随百菌清、氯氰菊酯处理浓度的升高而致使蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率增加(P<0.05),但高于一定浓度(在百菌清为5×10－6 g/L,在氯氰菊酯为5×10－8 g/L)后微核率反而呈下降趋势;不同浓度的百菌清和氯菊酯农药均可使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大(P<0.05或P<0.01);并能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生较高频率的染色体畸变,且为多种类型的染色体畸变。 结论： 农药百菌清、氯氰菊酯对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的遗传损伤。     

3种市售蚊香液对植物根尖细胞的遗传损伤效应

目的：电热蚊香液使用广泛,本研究旨在探讨其对植物的遗传损伤效应。方法：以蚕豆、大蒜和洋葱为实验材料,采用植物根尖细胞微核试验,测定在不同浓度（25%、50%和75%）的3种品牌（BBN、JJ和YB）蚊香液处理下,植物根尖细胞的微核率。结果：随着3种蚊香液浓度的增加,植物根尖细胞微核率也随之增加。75%的BBN、JJ和YB蚊香液分别作用于蚕豆根尖细胞时,细胞微核率均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）;75%的JJ和YB蚊香液分别作用于大蒜根尖细胞时,微核率较对照组差异显著（P < 0.05）;50%和75%的3种蚊香液作用于洋葱根尖细胞时,微核率高于对照组（P < 0.05）;75%的JJ和YB蚊香液处理组洋葱根尖的细胞微核率明显高于蚕豆（P < 0.05）;3种品牌蚊香液对植物根尖细胞遗传损伤效应的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论：在本实验条件下,蚊香液达到一定浓度时均对蚕豆、大蒜和洋葱根尖细胞造成遗传损伤,高浓度蚊香液对洋葱的遗传损伤显著高于蚕豆,不同品牌蚊香液对植物产生的损伤程度无明显差异。     

用人外周血淋巴细胞SCE方法检测吸烟者尿诱变性

本实验用人外周血淋巴细胞SCE方法检测63名吸烟者和34名非吸烟者尿诱变性。结果表明吸烟者尿诱导SCE频率为7.82/细胞,显著高于非吸烟者6.49/细胞(P<0.001)。但尿诱变性并未随着吸烟支数增多而增强。我们考虑到这种差异不能显示     

昆明周边部分污染水体对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响

背景与目的：研究昆明周边生活区水体污染程度与致突变物质的关系。材料与方法：用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对各采样点水样进行监测,并对各水样进行化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand,CODcr）的测定,统计分析各采样点水样的蚕豆根尖细胞微核千分率（MCN,‰）及污染指数（PI）。结果：各采样点水样的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率均高于对照组（P〈0.01）,9个采样点中有7个采样点的污染指数（PI）在2以上,污染指数高的水样组细胞微核率也高。各水样CODcr测定结果未见明显规律。结论：水体污染程度与水体中存在致突变性物质多少相关,但是水质诱变活性与化学需氧量没有直接关系。     

亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠对蚕豆根尖细胞致突变作用的研究

背景与目的: 研究亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠对蚕豆根尖细胞的致突变作用。 材料与方法: 用不同浓度的亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠(25、50、100、 200、400 mg/L)分别处理蚕豆根尖4 h,并以蒸馏水作为对照,用石炭酸品红染液染色,分别观察、测定蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率和染色体畸变率。 结果: 与对照组相比,不同浓度的亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠均能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞微核率和染色体畸变率增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),且随处理浓度的增大而增加。在相同浓度下,亚硝酸钠诱导的微核率高于亚硫酸钠诱导的微核率。亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生游离的染色体、染色体断片、染色体粘连、染色体滞后、染色体桥、多极分裂和染色体环等多种类型的染色体畸变。 结论: 亚硫酸钠和亚硝酸钠对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的致突变效应,具有一定的遗传毒性,其中亚硝酸钠对植物根尖细胞的致突变效应比亚硫酸钠强。     

吲哚-3-乙酸对人外周血淋巴细胞微核和SCE频率的影响

背景与目的:研究吲哚-3-乙酸对人体外周血淋巴细胞微核和SCE频率的影响.材料与方法:应用人体外周血淋巴细胞测定吲哚-3-乙酸诱导微核形成率试验和姊妹染色单体互换率(SCE).结果:各吲哚-3-乙酸处理组与阴性对照组相比,微核形成率和SCE差异均存在显著性.结论:吲哚-3-乙酸对人外周血淋巴细胞的遗传物质具有损伤作用.     

124. 8株杆菌对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响

目的和方法：为了考察某净化石化废水，保护环境生物工艺应用的功能菌-8株杆菌是否安全，本文用长1.0～2.0 cm的蚕豆根芽经染毒、修复、酸介、染色、制片，光镜下观察计数蚕豆根尖细胞微核数，统计分析不同受试液微核率之间的差异，评价8株杆菌(复合菌代谢产物液)对蚕豆根尖细胞的致突变性。结果：10×109/ml、10×106/ml、10×103/ml 3个代谢产物液试验组、去离子水和培养基2个阴性对照组的微核率在2～5 MCN‰以内；2 μg/ml重铬酸钾液阳性对照组微核率为16.0 MCN‰，显著高于3个试验组和2个阴性对照组(P<0.05)。说明8株杆菌对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率无影响。结论：本研究未观察到8株杆菌对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传诱变效应。     

三氧化二砷(As2O3)对蚕豆根尖微核率和果蝇发生量的影响

目的： 研究不同浓度As2O3对蚕豆胚根根尖微核率和果蝇发生量的影响作用。 方法： 以蚕豆根尖和果蝇为实验对象,均用不同浓度As2O3处理,采用蚕豆胚根根尖微核实验和果蝇培养实验。 结果： 不同浓度As2O3可使蚕豆根尖细胞微核率和果蝇发生量明显上升。 结论： 三氧化二砷(As2O3)对蚕豆根尖具有明显的毒性效应;在一定条件下,对果蝇发生量有促进作用。     

应用蚕豆根尖微核试验技术对二氧化氯消毒剂诱变性的研究

目的与方法:采用蚕豆根尖微核试验技术对两种市售二氧化氯(ClO2) 的诱变性进行研究。结果:在ClO2 的稀释度为1 :100时,杭州产ClO2 (A 样) 与余杭产ClO2 (B 样) 蚕豆根尖细胞微核率(MNF) 分别为(17. 91 ±4. 80) ‰和(17. 57 ±3. 15) ‰。,与作为阴性对照的自来水相比较,均有显著的统计学差异( P < 0. 01) ,并呈现较强的剂量2反应关系。结论:消毒剂ClO2 能诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的增加,具有一定的诱变性。     

慢性粒细胞白血病淋巴细胞的细胞遗传学研究

本文对50例慢性粒细胞白血病患者(其中慢性期43例、急变期7例)的外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)率及细胞动力学(CK)进行了研究,发现治疗前慢性期患者SCE率低、细胞周期延长;急变期患者SCE率明显增高、细胞周期缩短。并通过动态变化的SCE率和CK观察,对慢性粒细胞白血病的治疗效果,病情变化以及预后进行了评价。     

吡虫啉和抑食肼对人体外周血淋巴细胞遗传物质的影响

目的: 研究两种新型杀虫剂-吡虫啉和抑食肼对人体外周血淋巴细胞遗传物质的影响.方法:人体外周血淋巴细胞的微核试验,姐妹染色单体互换试验(SCE)以及单细胞凝胶电泳试验(SCGE,又名彗星试验).结果:在低浓度(吡虫啉为0.05 mg/L,抑食肼为5 mg/L)时,它们对微核和SCE的影响与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),当浓度升高(吡虫啉为0.1 mg/L,抑食肼为25 mg/L)时,则有显著性差异(P<0.05).而彗星试验在各试验组与对照组相比都有极显著性差异(P<{0.01}),且存在明显的剂量-效应关系(r=0.995, r=0.965).结论:吡虫啉和抑食肼对人外周血淋巴细胞的遗传物质都具有一定程度的损伤作用,相比之下,吡虫啉比抑食肼具有更大的毒性.     

环磷酰胺诱发的染色体损伤与P53基因表达的关系

目的：探讨环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CP)对染色体损伤与P53基因表达间的关系。　方法：以正常人外周血淋巴细胞为材料,用流式细胞仪检测环磷酰胺对突变型P53基因表达的影响,同时以微核(MN)及姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)为指标,进行致突变研究。　结果：环磷酰胺用药组突变型P53基因表达率为30.81 ％,微核率为8 ‰,姐妹染色单体互换率为9.21±1.08,与对照组比较均有显著差异。　结论：环磷酰胺的致突变作用可能与影响P53的基因的表达有关。     

No effect of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange in lymphocytes of cancer patients

Sister chromatid exchange observed in metaphase chromosomes has been shown to be a sensitive assay for the detection of possible mutagenic and/or carcinogenic agents. The semisynthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate is a drug used in high doses for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. We studied the frequency of sister chromatid exchange in PHA-stimulated peripheral lymphocytes of 11 patients who received medroxyprogesterone acetate in high doses. Overall results disclosed no significant effect of this drug on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cell proliferation in sister chromatid differentiation patterns. Considering sex differences a slight tendency towards SCE increase and growth delay was observed in females.     

Sister chromatid exchange frequency in asbestos workers

In vitro cytogenetic studies of amosite, chrysotile, and crocidolite asbestos have shown that these fibers may induce chromosome abnormalities and an elevated sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rate in mammalian cells. Twenty-five asbestos insulators (6 with radiographic asbestosis) were compared to 14 controls frequency matched for age and were found to have a marginally increased SCE rate in circulating lymphocytes with increasing years of exposure (P= 0.057). There was a significant association between SCE rate and smoking (P=0.002) after controlling for years of asbestos exposure and age. Smoking asbestos insulators had the highest SCE rate. Sister chromatid exchanges in chromosomes of group A, i.e., the group with the longest chromosomes, were significantly associated with asbestos exposure and cigarette smoking, with an interaction between the two.     

Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblastoid cells for study of sister chromatid exchange and their evaluation as a test system

Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblastoid cell lines are suitable for detection of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced by mutagens-carcinogens because they have shown a stable chromosome number and stable frequency of spontaneous SCE for more than two years in culture. Their spontaneous and induced SCE frequencies were practically the same as those of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from the same blood donors. The SCE responses of one established cell line, NL3, to 13 typical mutagens and five nonmutagens were examined. This cell line responded to all the mutagens tested but not to the nonmutagens. The SCE-inducing activities of these chemicals were well correlated with their mutagenic activities assayed with the Salmonella system by Ames' and Sugimura's groups, although there were a few but significant deviations.     

五种食用合成色素的遗传毒理学效应研究

本文采用生物学检测技术,对五种国产食用合成色素的遗传毒理学效应进行研究。结果表明,在一定剂量范围内,合成色素能明显诱导紫露草四分体微核素的提高,与对照组比较,达显著或极显著差异水平（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）,并有一定的剂量反应工作,Ｆ检验还显示这五种不同色素的四分体微核率间差异极显著。     

Genotoxicity and Interference with Cell Cycle Activities by an Ethanolic Extract from Thai Plumbago indica Roots in Human Lymphocytes in vitro

In Thai traditional medicine, Plumbago indica or Jetamul-Pleung-Dang in Thai is known to have healthbenefit especially for anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. However, the mechanisms ofits action are still uncertain. One of which might be genotoxic effects. In the present study, we investigated thegenotoxicity of an ethanolic extract of Plumbago indica root (EEPIR) by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assayin human lymphocytes. Results have shown that all treatments with EEPIR (12.5-100 μg/ml) could induce cellcycle delay as shown by significant increase in the number of metaphase cells in the first cell cycle but neither inthe second nor the third cell cycle. Only at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml were SCE levels significantlyincreased above that of the control (p<0.05) . EEPIR at a concentration of 500 μg/ml induced cell death as fewmitotic cells were shown. Accordingly, EEPIR (25-100 μg/ml) is genotoxic in human lymphocytes and cytotoxic atconcentrations of ≥500 μg/ml in vitro. Therefore, these activities of the EEPIR could serve its potential therapeuticeffects, especially as an anticancer agent. Further study of EEPIR in vivo is now needed to support this in vitroevidence.     

高剂量硒诱发姐妹染色单体交换及染色体畸变

为阐明正常人体外周血淋巴细胞培养物中加硒的遗传毒性剂量及其毒性特征,用不同剂量的亚硒酸钠处理培养中的淋巴细胞７２ｈ,观察其姐妹染色单体交换（ＳＣＥ） 及染色体畸变率的变化。结果显示在培养体系中添加０．０５ － ０ ．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ剂量的亚硒酸钠不增加ＳＣＥ 频率（ Ｐ＞０ ．５ － ０．２） 和染色体畸变率（ Ｐ＞ ０－５） ,添加０．７５ － １ ．５０ ｍｇ／ Ｌ 剂量的亚硒酸钠显著增加ＳＣＥ频率（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１） 及染色体畸变率（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１ －０ ．００１） ,表现出遗传毒性。较高剂量的亚硒酸钠（０．７５ － １ ．５０ ｍｇ／Ｌ） 还可导致染色体形态不良和着丝粒早裂。     

用微核法观察硒对环磷酰胺致突变活性的影响

以微核(MN)试验和淋巴细胞非特异性酸性萘酯酶(ANAE)染色法观察了不同浓度亚硒酸钠溶液对环磷酰胺(CP)致突变作用及对小鼠免疫细胞活性的影响。结果表明0.005％和0.001％二种浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液作用于小鼠,可降低由CP所致的骨髓细胞微核形成率升高,并增强和稳定了其外周血淋巴细胞ANAE的活性。提示,合适浓度的硒有稳定机体免疫功能,拮抗CP的致突变作用。     

Bioassay procedure for the detection of mutagenic metabolites in human urine with the use of sister chromatid exchange analysis.

A short-term bioassay system for the detection of activated mutagenic metabolites in urine from humans exposed to promutagens was described. Human diploid fibroblasts were grown in medium containing 5--20% urine from smokers, from nonsmokers, and from individuals undergoing cyclophosphamide (Cp) chemotherapy for treatment of cancer. The cells were then subjected to sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis. Activated Cp metabolic products in urine specimens produced up to a ten-fold increase in SCE's over preinjection SCE levels for the same individuals. Linear dose-response curves over a urine concentration range from 5 to 20% in culture medium were obtained from cells grown in urine specimens from 7 nonsmokers and 8 cigarette smokers. This test system proved to be sensitive to ambient exposure levels of environmental mutagens and demonstrated that urine from smokers was significantly more mutagenic than was urine from nonsmokers. Replicate experiments showed highly reproducible SCE values for each individual as well as for average SCE values for each group of subjects. The ability of this bioassay system to detect trace mutagenic activity in human urine reproducibly makes it an attractive choice for the monitoring of humans who have been exposed to environmental and/or industrial mutagens.