胃肠道类癌的内镜诊断与治疗

内镜下诊治胃肠道类癌。经内镜检出胃肠道类癌１１例，内镜结合活检确诊８例，占７３％；误诊为直肠癌、横结肠癌、回肠息肉各１例，占２７．３％。本组１１例中经内镜高频电摘除病变者８例，３例病变小于１．０ｃｍ者定期内镜随访８～１６个月，未见复发；其余５例，３例补行局部楔形切除，２例行局部扩大切除术，术后标本均未发现残留类癌灶。３例误诊病例２例行局部扩大切除术，１例行胃次全切除术，术后病理确诊为类癌。经８个月～１３年追踪，全部患者均存活。表明消化道内镜检查配合活检是诊断和治疗胃肠道类癌的有效方法。     

ENDOSCOPY IS ONE OF THE VALUABLE DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR PRIMARY AORTO‐ENTERIC FISTULA

The present report describes a case of primary aorto‐enteric ?stula (PAEF) in an 81‐year‐old man with no previous abdominal surgery. The patient was admitted to Teraoka Memorial Hospital in shock with repeated episodes of melena and hematemesis. We performed emergency endoscopy to establish a diagnosis and identi?ed a ruptured aortic aneurysm visualized through a ?stula in the second portion of the duodenum. As most PAEF cause massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, prompt diagnosis is critical to ensure a successful outcome. Although the patient and his family refused surgery and the patient died, we were able to make the diagnosis at an early stage by endoscopy. While PAEF is usually very dif?cult to diagnose by a single modality, endoscopy can be one of the modalities to identify the source of gastrointestinal hemorrhages, even in cases of PAEF.     

EARLY GASTRIC CANCER: PROPOSAL FOR A NEW DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM BASED ON MICROVASCULAR ARCHITECTURE AS VISUALIZED BY MAGNIFIED ENDOSCOPY

We have developed a magnified endoscopic technique for observing the microvascular architecture within the gastric mucosa in units as small as capillary and we have reported the characteristic findings of the microvascular architecture in both normal gastric mucosa and early gastric cancer. The findings in the normal stomach were different depending on the section of the stomach. The body mucosa demonatrated a regular honeycomb‐like subepithelial capillary network pattern with a collecting venule, while the antral mucosa demonstrated a regular coil‐shaped subepithelial capillary network pattern. The magnified endoscopic findings of early gastric carcinoma were different depending on the types of histological differentiation. The characteristic findings of differentiated carcinoma were (1) the presence of a demarcation line; (2) the disappearance of the regular subepithelial capillary network pattern; and (3) the presence of an irregular microvascular pattern. The findings of undifferentiated carcinoma showed only a reduction in or else the complete disappearance of the regular subepithelial capillary network pattern. In clinical practice, the magnified endoscopic findings of differentiated carcinoma are useful both for determining the margin of early gastric cancer and for making a differential diagnosis between gastritis and gastric cancer in the case of flat reddened lesions. The microvascular architecture as visualized by magnified endoscopy could be a new diagnostic system for the endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer.