兔人工股骨头置换后感染模型的建立及万古霉素-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的预防作用

目的　设计制作兔人工股骨头置换后感染模型 ,探讨万古霉素 -聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(VCM -PMMA)在感染预防中的作用。　方法　设计制作兔人工股骨头 ,对 48只日本大耳白兔行人工股骨头置换 ,随机分为 4组 :对照 1组以普通PMMA固定假体 ,VCM1组以VCM -PMMA固定假体 ,即刻接种 1× 10 6 CFU的耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌 (MRSE)SAL65 164。对照 2组和VCM2组分别以普通PMMA和VCM -PMMA固定假体并接种 1× 10 8CFU的MRSE。检测X线片、细菌培养、组织学变化以及C -反应蛋白 (CRP)和血沉 (ESR)的变化。　结果　术后 4周 ,X线片示感染的关节间隙粗糙 ;对照 1组 75 .0 % ( 9/12 )、VCM1组 2 5 .0 % ( 3 /12 )、对照 2组 10 0 .0 % ( 12 /12 )、VCM2组 2 5 .0 %( 3 /12 )感染 ;血清CRP术后第 3天达高峰 ,ESR术后第 7天达高峰。　结论　兔人工股骨头置换后1× 10 8CFU的MRSESAL65 164即刻接种 ,可成功建立兔人工股骨头置换后感染模型 ;VCM -PMMA能有效预防感染发生     

骨水泥叠加技术在髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折中的应用

目的探讨骨水泥型假体人工髋关节置换术后发生股骨假体周围骨折的有效治疗方法。方法对2009年3月-2013年2月15例行骨水泥型假体人工髋关节置换术后发生股骨假体周围骨折患者均采取骨折复位内固定．骨水泥叠加技术固定假体;骨折发生时间为髋关节置换术后10d～3年,按Vancouver骨折分型：B2型11例,B3型4例。术后6个月对髋关节功能进行Harris评分,观察术后疗效。结果15例患者均获得随访,术后X线片检查骨折均愈合良好,假体稳定,位置安放合适;无感染、无内固定物及关节假体移位、断裂发生。髋关节功能Harris平均83分（76～87分）。结论骨水泥叠加技术是骨水泥型假体人工髋关节置换术后发生股骨假体周围骨折的有效治疗方法。     

白介素-6对髋关节初次置换术后早期假体周围感染筛查作用研究

目的探讨髋关节初次置换术后早期应用白介素-6(IL-6)筛查假体周围感染的价值。方法 2013年7月至2016年4月,沈阳军区总医院对74例行初次髋关节置换患者术前及术后3、6、9 d,血清IL-6、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)进行检测分析。结果术后3 d时,患者IL-6均值并未回归至7 pg/ml以下;术后9 d时,IL-6均值也未回归至7 pg/ml以下。本组患者术后3、6、9 d的IL-6、CRP回落曲线具有相关性,而ESR值在关节置换术后回落曲线变化较小。结论 IL-6对髋关节初次置换术后早期假体周围感染的筛查具有积极的意义,可联合应用IL-6、CRP监测关节置换术后感染情况,动态观察CRP、IL-6值回落曲线,提高关节置换术后早期假体周围感染的诊断率。     

双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨高龄股骨颈骨折应用双极人工股骨头置换的临床疗效。方法对63例高龄股骨颈骨折患者行骨水泥固定的国产双极人工股骨头置换,术后根据Harris评分法和X线资料评定其疗效。结果本组63例均成功完成手术,术中无血管神经损伤。术后无切口感染和关节脱位,无围术期死亡。术后随访10～42(15.3±2.1)个月。术后合并肺部感染6例,泌尿系感染5例,下肢深静脉血栓形成3例,中枢神经系统功能障碍2例,脑梗死1例。X线片检查显示髋关节间隙变窄11例,假体轻度内翻5例,出现假体下沉3例,骨水泥周围<2 mm的透亮带2例。根据Harris评分法评定,优22例,良26例,中12例,差3例,优良率76.19%。结论应用骨水泥固定的双极股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折疗效满意。     

白细胞介素-6对初次膝关节置换术后早期假体周围感染筛查作用研究

目的探讨白细胞介素-6(IL-6)对膝关节置换术后早期假体周围感染的诊断价值。方法选取2014年12月至2016年1月在沈阳军区总医院行初次膝关节置换的患者44例,对其术前及术后3、6、9 d血液中IL-6、血沉(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)的检测结果进行分析。结果所有患者术后IL-6值快速回落,但直至术后第9天,IL-6值也未回落到正常范围内。本研究患者术后3、6、9 d的血清IL-6、CRP回落曲线具有相关性,IL-6值的回落曲线更迅速,而ESR值回落曲线变化幅度较小。结论 IL-6可作为筛查膝关节置换术后早期假体周围感染的敏感指标,动态监测患者术后IL-6值回落曲线,能够提高膝关节置换术后早期假体周围感染的诊断率。     

髋关节置换后外伤性假体周围骨折的治疗

目的 探讨髋关节置换术后外伤致假体周围骨折的治疗方法。方法 回顾1998年6月～2003年6月收治的髋关节置换术后外伤致假体周围骨折患者5例，男2例，女3例；年龄52～7l岁，平均59岁。其中自行跌伤4例，交通伤l例。原实施髋关节置换术的原发病：3例为股骨头无菌性坏死，2例为陈旧性股骨颈骨折不愈合。施行全髋关节置换4例(5髋)，股骨头置换1例。外伤致髋关节骨折距原髋关节置换时间为1个月～17年。按Vancouver假体周围骨折分型标准，B型3例，C型2例。2例(B型l例，C型1例)采用牵引行保守治疗，2例(B型)应用加长柄关节翻修术及形状记忆合金锯齿臂环抱内固定器或钢缆捆扎治疗，l例(C型)应用解剖钢板内固定。结果 5例患者均得到随访，随访时间2个月～5年，骨折均愈合。无感染、骨折不愈合、内固定断裂等并发症发生。结论 髋关节置换术后，外伤致假体周围骨折的治疗比较困难，由于骨折部位、原置换假体有无松动、患者骨质量、身体状况的不同，选择的治疗方案也不同。Vancouver假体周围骨折分型标准及治疗方案是较好的指导原则。     

两种占位器治疗人工全髋关节置换术后感染的疗效比较

目的 比较自制含万古霉素的骨水泥占位器和Link感染治疗型占位器的疗效,探讨人工髋关节置换术后慢性感染Ⅱ期翻修中占位器的选择.方法 26例人工髋关节置换术后感染患者,年龄32～82岁,平均69.5岁.彻底清创、取出假体后,14例置入含万古霉素的骨水泥占位器,12例采用Link感染治疗型占位器.术后静脉滴注抗生素2周后,改为口服抗生素6周;术后定期复查血白细胞、红细胞沉降率(ESR)和C-反应蛋白(CRP).Ⅱ期行人工髋关节翻修术.手术前、后以Harris髋关节评分标准评估临床治疗效果.结果 26例患者在彻底清创、取出假体、自制含万古霉素的骨水泥占位器或Link感染治疗型占位器置入后,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.Ⅱ期翻修手术间隔时间平均5.2个月(3～11.5个月),翻修术后随访平均20.8个月(12～33个月),未出现感染复发征象.Harris髋关节评分Ⅰ期术前平均27.9分,Ⅱ期术前平均52.9分,最后随访时平均83.6分(P＜0.05).含万古霉素骨水泥占位器患者Ⅱ期术前有1例断裂,Link感染治疗型占位器患者Ⅱ期术前无断裂.结论 (1)Ⅱ期翻修术具有感染清除率高、缓解疼痛、有效保留关节功能等优点,是治疗人工髋关节置换术后感染的有效方法;(2)使用自制含万古霉素的骨水泥占位器和Link感染治疗型占位器,均能有效感染控制和恢复部分患肢功能;(3)Link感染治疗型占位器术中操作简便,治疗间歇期患肢功能恢复较好,但置管易堵,不能长期缓释抗生素,费用较高,适用于体质较好、感染不严重、两次手术间隔期患肢功能要求较高的患者.     

骨显像对关节置换术后假体无菌性松动与假体周围感染的诊断价值

目的探讨骨显像对人工关节置换术后假体无菌性松动与假体周围感染的鉴别诊断价值。方法 2010年4月～2017年9月在我科行骨显像的人工关节置换术后患者42例,经随访明确诊断的28例,人工置换关节31个。无菌性松动组12例,松动关节14个;感染组16例,感染关节17个。结果 14个诊断为松动的关节中,骨显像发现局部核素分布增强的关节13个,诊断阴性的关节1个,诊断为松动的关节10个,灵敏度92.8%,准确率为71.4%;17个感染关节中,骨显像发现局部核素分布增强的关节16个,诊断阴性1个,诊断为感染的12个,松动2个,灵敏度94.1%,准确率为70.6%。结论骨显像诊断假体无菌性松动和感染有很高的灵敏度和较高的准确度,对关节置换术后假体无菌性松动和感染的鉴别诊断有很高的应用价值。     

假体置换治疗老年股骨颈头下型骨折的疗效比较

目的：比较双极人工股骨头置换和双极全髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈头下型骨折的效果。方法：从1987年5月至1998年7月,50例老年股骨颈头下型骨折采用假体治疗,平均年龄73．2岁。其中18例采用Bateman双极人工股骨头置换,32例采用Bateman双极全髋关节置换。全部假体为国产,均以骨水泥固定。结果：两组病例的手术时间和输血量比较,差异无显著性意义。44例平均随访时间为5年9个月,无一例切口感染,无一例死亡与手术有关,在人工股骨头置换,其股骨头脱位、髋部和大腿痛、臼底凸出等并发症的发生率明显高于全髋置换组,结论：人工股骨头难以与骨性髋臼匹配,仅适于身体虚弱的高龄患者,而双极全髋置换以骨水泥固定适于多数老年患者,人工股骨头与人工髋臼可以完全匹配,关节更稳定,可以早期负重,并发症少。     

选择性人工股骨头置换治疗老年非稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨选择性人工股骨头置换高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗经验。方法在2003.01～2007．04期间对23例65岁以上手术条件许可的高龄病人选用人工股骨头置换术。结果手术23例，1例术后肺部感染死亡。术后无切口感染、血肿、深静脉栓塞、褥疮。术后2例女性并发尿路感染伴尿失禁，另2例并发坠积性肺炎。下床时间7～14d，平均10d。术后随访半年，20例生活完全自理，2例生活部分自理。随诊中无假体松动、脱位、假体周围再发骨折。结论根据老年患者的情况，慎重选择人工股骨头置换术式，重视围手术期处理，对临床疗效可有很大的帮助。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.