电针足三里穴对不完全性肠梗阻大鼠小肠肌电活动的影响

目的:探讨电针足三里穴对肠梗阻大鼠小肠肌电活动的影响.方法:采用非贯穿肠管的方式,末端回肠套环建立不完全性肠梗阻大鼠模型,将大鼠随机分为:空白对照组(n=10)、假手术组(n=10)、肠梗阻组(IO组,n=10)、肠梗阻+电针组(14dIO+EA组,n=10,21dIO+EA组,n=10).造模成功后空白对照组、假手术组、IO组均未给予电针治疗措施,IO+EA组连续给予电针14d、21d电针治疗措施.最后1次电针后2h,分别测体质量后打开腹腔,肉眼观察回肠组织形态学的改变,BL-420F生物机能实验系统测定回肠肌电.结果:IO组大鼠体质量较空白对照组和假手术组显著降低(P<0.01),IO+EA组大鼠体质量较IO组显著升高(P<0.01).回肠肌电慢波活动改变情况:14dIO组振幅(mV)低于空白对照组(0.11±0.03vs0.35±0.06,P<0.01),且频率(%)、振幅(%)变异系数均明显高于空白对照组和假手术组(27.71±10.54vs14.08±4.22,22.00±6.24;75.54±8.59vs15.84±1.49,20.67±7.57,均P<0.01);电针实验治疗IO+EA组大鼠14...     

低频电针对阿尔茨海默病大鼠炎症因子表达的影响

目的观察低频电针对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)_(25-35)所致阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠海马及血清白细胞介素(IL)-1β、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α表达的影响,探讨电针改善AD学习记忆障碍的炎症机制。方法将雄性SPF级的Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组、模型组和电针组各10只。AD模型大鼠采用双侧海马一次性注射聚集态Aβ_(25-35)的方法制备,电针组选取"肾俞"、"大椎"、"内关"穴,接韩式电针仪,2 Hz连续波,强度为1 m A,通电20 min,1次/d,6 d为1个疗程,疗程间休息1 d,共2个疗程。运用放射免疫法检测各组血清IL-1β、TNF-α的变化,运用免疫组化法检测大鼠海马区IL-1β、TNF-α的变化。结果与假手术组相比,模型组海马CA1区及血清IL-1β、TNF-α表达明显增强(P0.01);与模型组比较,电针组海马CA1区及血清IL-1β、TNF-α含量明显减少(P0.01,P0.05)。结论电针改善AD学习记忆障碍的机制可能通过调节中枢及外周的炎症过程实现的。     

Ghrelin对脓毒症小鼠肺脏炎症及JAK/STAT通路的影响

目的 通过观察生长素释放肽(ghrelin)对脓毒症小鼠肺组织炎症反应、肺组织janus激酶/信号转导通路和转录激活因子mRNA、STAT3蛋白及肺组织炎细胞因子肿瘤细胞α(TNF-α)、IL-6的表达水平的影响,探讨ghrelin在脓毒症炎症反应中的调节作用及可能的分子机制.方法 选用腹腔注射脂多糖的方法制作小鼠脓毒性模型:选取雌性小鼠54只,随机分为对照组、模型组及ghrelin干预组,对照组经腹腔注射等量生理盐水;模型组经腹腔内注射脂多糖(6 mg/kg);干预组先经腹腔注射ghrelin(200 μg/kg),30 min后再经腹腔注射脂多糖(6 mg/kg);各组分别于3、9、18h随机处死小鼠各6只,光镜下观察肺组织炎症改变;反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检查肺组织STAT3mRNA的基因转录水平;酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定肺组织STAT3、TNF-α、IL-6的表达量.结果 Ghrelin可抑制肺组织STAT3mRNA基因转录活性,从而降低STAT3蛋白表达、减少炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6的分泌(P值均＜0.05);改善脓毒症小鼠肺组织病理结构损伤(充血、水肿、炎症细胞浸润).结论 ghrelin可减轻脓毒症小鼠肺脏炎症反应,其作用机制可能与抑制了janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子(JAK/STAT通路)、下调TNF-α和IL-6的表达有关.     

辛伐他汀对脓毒症大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α及一氧化氮表达的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀对脓毒症大鼠血清一氧化氮(NO)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的表达及生存率的影响。方法 96只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)组、辛伐他汀组,每组32只,每组再随机分为0、6,12、24 h 4个时间组(每组8只)。正常对照组和CLP组给予淀粉20 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃5 d,辛伐他汀组给予20 mg·kg-1·d-1辛伐他汀连续灌胃5 d。在第5日,正常对照组行假手术,其他两组采用盲肠结扎穿孔术制作脓毒症模型。分别在术后予三组的各个时间组的大鼠在各自时间点采血,分离血浆,使用ELISA试剂盒检测TNF-α的浓度,使用NO试剂盒检测血浆中NO的浓度,并观察大鼠术后5 d的生存情况。结果正常对照组在各时间点的TNF-α及NO无显著差异。三组在术后0h的血清TNF-α及NO无显著差异。CLP组术后6、12、24 h的血清TNF-α及NO显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。辛伐他汀组在术后6、12、24 h TNF-α和NO较正常对照组升高(P<0.05),但同CLP组比较,均明显降低(P<0.05)。术后5 d正常对照组存活率100%,辛伐他汀组存活率(56.25%)明显高于CLP组(12.50%)(P<0.05)。结论辛伐伐汀能够抑制CLP脓毒症大鼠血清中的TNF-α及NO水平,从而提高脓毒症大鼠的生存率。     

电针足三里穴对胃酸分泌的影响及与促胃液素、表皮生长因子的关系

目的探讨电针足阳明胃经原穴足三里穴对胃酸分泌的调节作用及机制.方法采用完全随机方法分组.在清醒状态下电针大鼠足三里穴,并与空白对照组及非经非穴组相对比,在针剌不同时间点测胃酸分泌及取血,放免法检测胃液及血浆促胃液素(GAS)和表皮生长因子(EGF)浓度.结果电针足三里穴后空腹胃液量显著减少(P＜0.01)pH值上升(P＜0.05),酸度变化不大.足三里穴组胃液及血浆GAS浓度均降低,分别为239 ng/L±61 ng/L vs 294 ng/L±32ng/L(P＜0.05)和81 ng/L±22ng/L vs 102ng/L±30 ng/L(P＜0.01).胃液EGF浓度显著升高3.16μg/L±1.05 μg/L vs 1.65μg/L±0.35μg/L(P＜0.01).血浆EGF浓度显著降低0.25μg/L±0.01μg/L vs 0.54 μg/L±0.11μg/L(P＜0.01).其他组无显著变化.结论电针足三里穴明显抑制胃酸分泌并使胃液pH升高,与血浆、胃液GAS下降有关;电针足三里穴诱导上消化道EGF分泌增加,EGF参与抑制胃酸分泌,具有重要意义.     

不同频率电针足三里对运动大鼠腓肠肌核因子-κB、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-1β的影响

目的研究不同频率电针对运动大鼠腓肠肌核因子(NF)-κB、血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-1β的影响。方法采用Bedford渐增负荷跑台跑运动模型,用韩式电针仪对运动性疲劳大鼠双侧足三里穴进行2/15 Hz、2/100 Hz两种不同频率的刺激,观察血清睾酮/皮质酮比值、腓肠肌NF-κB含量、血清TNF-α和IL-1β含量的变化。结果 1与安静对照组比较,运动组大鼠血清睾酮/皮质酮比值显著降低(P0.05,P0.01);2运动组大鼠腓肠肌NF-κB、血清TNF-α和IL-1β显著升高(P0.05,P0.01);3运动+2/15 Hz电针组和运动+2/100 Hz电针组两组大鼠腓肠肌NF-κB、血清TNF-α和IL-1β与运动后60 min组比较差异显著(P0.05,P0.01);4运动+2/15 Hz电针组大鼠腓肠肌NF-κB、血清TNF-α和IL-1β与运动+2/100 Hz电针组比较,差异显著(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 1急性运动后可显著增加大鼠腓肠肌NF-κB、血清TNF-α和IL-1β含量;2不同频率电针均可降低急性运动后大鼠腓肠肌NF-κB、血清TNF-α和IL-1β的含量;32/15 Hz可能是要筛选的电针消除运动性疲劳的最佳频率。     

预电针调节胆碱能神经相关蛋白对AD样大鼠学习记忆能力及脑内炎症的影响

目的 观察预电针对AD样大鼠学习记忆能力及脑内炎症的影响.方法 30只SD大鼠分成正常组、模型组、预电针组,每组10只.正常组不做干预,模型组、预电针组每日腹腔注射D半乳糖溶液制备AD样大鼠模型,预电针组另予以针刺百会、足三里穴,接HANS-200A韩式电针仪,连续波,电流1 mA,频率50 Hz,1次/d,20 mi...     

高频电针刺激足三里穴对大鼠结肠传输功能的影响

目的观察高频电针刺激足三里穴对大鼠结肠传输功能的影响,以进一步验证其对结肠传输的促进作用。方法雄性SD大鼠44只（250-300 g）均手术埋管于结肠近端,并随机分为四组,即正常对照组（组1）、针刺足三里组（组2）、电针非经穴组（组3）、电针足三里组（组4）,每组11只。电针刺激参数设为100 Hz,3 mA。各组大鼠均以1.5 ml酚红溶液（0.5 mg/ml）作为非吸收性标记物,通过测定90 min内每10 min酚红排除量以评估结肠传输。结果与组1和组2相比,组4在20-90 min明显促进结肠传输,差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。组3与组1相比,仅在刺激阶段前后20-40 min及60 min促进结肠传输（P〈0.05）。组4则在50 min及70-90 min酚红排出率较组3有显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论高频电针刺激足三里穴有持续的强的促进结肠传输的作用;而非穴位高频电刺激对结肠传输亦有促进作用,但这种促进作用只是短暂的,可能与电刺激产生应激反应有关。     

罗格列酮对脓毒症大鼠血清 TNF-α、IL-6、血糖水平的影响

目的：观察罗格列酮对脓毒症大鼠血浆TNF-α、IL-6、血糖水平的影响。方法48只SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别为脓毒症组（A组）、脓毒症＋罗格列酮组（B组）和假手术组（C组）,每组16只。 A、B组采用结肠结扎穿孔法建立脓毒症大鼠模型,B组术后按0．2 mg/kg尾静脉注射稀释后的罗格列酮（0．3 mg/mL）,1次/12 h;A、C组注射等量生理盐水。分别于造模后即刻及12、24、48 h检测各组血清TNF-α、IL-6及血糖。结果 A组TNF-α、IL-6水平在12、24、48 h逐渐增高;B组在12、24 h逐渐增高,且较A组同时点低（P均＜0．05）,24 h后呈下降趋势;C组各时间点变化不明显,且均较A、B组同时点低（P＜0．05或＜0．01）。三组各时点血糖比较,P均＞0．05。结论罗格列酮能够减少脓毒症大鼠炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6的表达,但对脓毒症大鼠血糖水平无明显影响。     

脓毒症大鼠脂联素的表达变化及与TNF-α的关系

<正>脓毒症及其引起的多种器官功能障碍是感染、创伤、严重烧伤等危重患者死亡的主要原因之一〔1,2〕。研究发现,一些创伤较严重的疾病并发脓毒症的概率在逐年递增,严重危害人类的生命。医疗界一直在寻找治疗脓毒血症的有效方法。脂联素(ADP)是一种具有内源活性的多肽,主要是由脂肪细胞分泌的。研究发现,很多慢性疾病如动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病等患者体内的ADP水平较低,而炎症因子的表达较高〔3,4〕。这两者的变化是否与脓毒症有关,目前研究较少。本研究采用大鼠脓毒     

Effects of ketamine on proinflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappaB in polyrnicrobial sepsis rats

AIM: To explore the effects of ketamine on hemodynamics, plasma proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) levels and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation during polymicrobial sepsis.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawlay rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation.The rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups:sham CLP group, CLP group, ketamine (KT)I groupand KTⅡ group. Thirty minutes before CLP, ketamine (5my/kg per hour and 10 my/kg per hour, respectively) was infused continuously through the left femoral vein cannula in KT I group or KTⅡgroup. Sham CLP group and CLP group received 0.9% saline only (5 mL/kg per hour). The right femoral artery was cannulated to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rates (HR),and draw blood samples. The proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) levels of plasma were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The hepatic NF-κB activation was determined by Western blot and HPIAS 2000 image analysis system.Twenty hours after CLP, the rats were killed by right femoral artery phlebotomization.RESULTS: CLP produced progressive hypotension,and a first increase followed by a decrease in HR. The hypotension was prevented, and the HR was slightly steady in ketamine treated rats. TNF-α levels of plasma reached a peak value at 2 h after CLP. Ketamine (KT I group or KTⅡgroup) caused a significant decrease compared with CLP group at 2, 5 and 9 h time points after CLP (14.3 ± 1.9 vs 4.3 ± 0.9, 9.7 ± 1.4 vs 4.3 ±0.9; 9.3 ± 1.5 vs 4.3 ± 0.9, 8.7 ± 1.4 vs 4.3 ± 0.9; 6.0± 1.5 vs 5.0 ± 1.7, 5.3 ± 0.8 vs 5.0 ± 1.7; P ＜ 0.01,respectively). The IL-6 levels of plasma firstly ascended and then descended in CLP group, and reached a peak value at 9 h after CLP. Ketamine (KT I group or KTⅡ group) caused a significant decrease compared with CLP group at 5, 9 or 20 h after CLP (135.0 ± 52.6 vs 60.0± 16.3, 112.5 ± 52.6 vs 60.0 ± 16.3; 410.0 ± 68.7 vs62.5 ± 12.5, 250.0 ± 28.0 vs 62.5 ± 12.5; 320.0 ± 25.9vs 52.5 ± 10.1, 215.0 ± 44.6 vs 52.5 ± 10.1; P ＜ 0.05,respectively). The IL-6 levels of plasma in KTⅡgroup were lower than those of KT I group at 9 h after CLP (250.0 ± 28.0 vs 410.0 ± 68.7; P ＜ 0.05). In addition,CLP increased hepatic NF-κB expression compared with sham CLP. Ketamine suppressed NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner at 4 h after CLP (237.7 ± 3.5 vs 246.9 ± 3.1; P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Ketamine stabilizes the hemodynamics,attenuates the proinflammatory cytokine responses,and inhibits hepatic NF-κB activation. These findings suggest that ketamine has protective effects against polymicrobial sepsis in rats.     

Effects of ketamine on proinflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappaB in polymicrobial sepsis rats

INTRODUCTION Sepsis/Septic shock is a complex pathophysiologic process characterized by profound hypotension, progressive metabolic acidosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and even death. Altho…     

电针足三里穴对应激性胃溃疡大鼠一氧化氮和儿茶酚胺的影响

本文对电针足三里穴抗“束缚－冷冻”应激性胃溃疡大鼠一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、多巴胺（ＤＡ）和去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）的含量进行了分析，结果如下：①应激性胃溃疡大鼠血清ＮＯ含量比对照组非常显著下降， Ｐ＜０． ０１，胃窦粘膜ＤＡ含量显著下降， Ｐ＜０． ０５，胃体粘膜ＤＡ呈增高趋势；②电针足三里穴引起应激性胃溃疡大鼠ＮＯ水平回回升，与应激组相比， Ｐ＜０．０１。电针引起胃窦和胃体粘膜ＤＡ、ＮＥ含量改变，有双向调节作用。即原降低者上升、原升高者下降，分别与应激组相比，均为Ｐ＜０． ０１。提示电针对胃粘膜的保护作用是通过对ＤＡ和 ＮＥ的双向调节，发挥了ＤＡ的调控作用，影响ＮＥ的水平，通过ＮＯ的舒血管作用，调节血流量，增强粘膜防御能力而实现的。     

Roles of histamine and diamine oxidase in mucosa of rat small intestine after ischemia-reperfusion

To examine the roles of histamine and diamine oxidase in the intestine after ischemiareperfusion, we measured histamine content, diamine oxidase activity, and ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat intestinal mucosa 6 hr following various periods of ischemia. In addition, mortality rates of rats after various periods of ischemia were observed. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 15, 30, or 60 min. Ornithine decarboxylase activity increased in the 15-, 30-, and 60-min ischemic groups compared to the shamoperated control group. In the prolonged ischemic group (60-min ischemia), both histamine concentration and diamine oxidase activity in the mucosa decreased, contributing to an increase in circulating histamine. In the 60-min ischemic group, the mortality rate of rats was 25%, which was significantly larger than the control groups. Pretreatment with aminoguanidine, which suppressed diamine oxidase activity, increased the mortality rate. These results indicate that histamine released from the intestinal mucosa has a harmful effect on rats, and diamine oxidase activity plays an important role when the small intestine is subjected to prolonged period of ischemia.Grant support: Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry Education in Japan for Scientific Research 04770423, and Uehara Memorial Foundation.     

Regulatory effects of electro-acupuncture at Zusanli on ir-SP content in rat pituitary gland and peripheral blood and their immunity

It has been reported in many studies that electroacupuncture (EA) can positively regulate erythrocytic immunity and T-lymphocytic subgroups[1-8].Nevertheless, its mechanism remains to be explored. In the present study, a multi-group, multi-stepped and multiindexed observation was conducted on the effects of EA on erythyrocytic immunity and T-lymphocytic subgroups. A simultaneous assay of the changes in immunoreactivesubstance-P (ir-SP) content in the pituitary gland and peripheral blood was also carried out. The objective of the study was to investigate the regulatory effects of the immune system and their possible mechanism in the treatment of relevant diseases with EA.     

Effects and probable mechanisms of electroacupuncture at the Zusanli point on upper gastrointestinal motility in rabbits

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The purposes of this study were to investigate the regulative effect of acupuncture on gastrointestinal motility in rabbits and to explore the probable mechanism of electroacupuncture. METHODS: The experiment was performed on 30 rabbits implanted with three pairs of electrodes, which were equally divided into three groups: the control group, the Zusanli group, and the non-acupuncture point group. The gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity of each conscious rabbit was recorded when acupuncture was applied. Motilin in plasma, cholecystokinin (CCK) in serum, the activity of acetylcholine esterase, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and the vesicle of nerve endings in the stomach tissue and jejunum were investigated. RESULTS: It was found that electroacupuncture did not exert much influence on the slow wave of gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity, but significantly increased the number and amplitude of spikes. In the Zusanli group, the concentration of motilin and CCK was much higher at the post-acupuncture stage than at the pre-acupuncture stage. Electroacupuncture significantly enhanced the activity of acetylcholine esterase. Moreover, we found out that in the Zusanli group, the number of vesicles without granula was significantly fewer than in the control group. The activity of NOS was less in the Zusanli group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture may enhance the gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity of conscious rabbits. The cholinergic nerve, nitric oxide, motilin, and CCK may contribute to acupuncture mechanisms.     

艾灸足三里、梁门穴对应激性溃疡大鼠胃黏膜细胞凋亡的干预作用

目的:探讨艾灸足三里、梁门穴对应激性溃疡胃黏膜细胞凋亡的影响,分析其与血浆多巴胺(DA)、胃黏膜内皮素(ET)的关系,揭示艾灸足三里、梁门穴对抗应激性损伤,进而保护胃黏膜的机制.方法:SD大鼠60只随机分为4组,即束缚对照组、模型组、艾灸足三里和梁门穴组、艾灸非穴点对照组,每组15只.束缚水浸应激法造模,免疫组化方法测定细胞凋亡指数(×10-6个/μm2).采用生物信号分析仪检测胃黏膜血流量(GMBF),高效液相色谱法测定血浆DA含量,放射免疫法测定胃黏膜ET含量.结果:预先艾灸足三里、梁门穴可显著降低随后的应激性胃黏膜损伤指数,降低胃黏膜ET和血浆DA含量,增加胃黏膜血流量,降低胃黏膜细胞凋亡指数.造模后,B组UI值(26.80±9.81vs12.00±5.94,P<0.01)、血浆DA(9.97±3.69μg/Lvs4.54±2.61μg/L,P<0.01)、胃黏膜ET(361.469±98.080ng/Lvs149.205±94.1425ng/L,P<0.01)以及凋亡指数(9.65±4.19vs4.36±2.60,P<0.01)显著高于A组,而GMBF低于A组(139.489±33.133mL/minvs377.090±85.840mL/min,P<0.01);C组UI值、凋亡指数显著低于B组和D组(UI:14.10±5.42vs26.80±9.81,26.20±7.23,P<0.01;凋亡指数:3.00±1.58vs9.65±4.19,8.20±5.17,P<0.01),而GMBF高于B组和D组(316.552±85.469mL/minvs139.489±33.133,141.512±58.450mL/min,P<0.01);C组血浆DA含量及胃黏膜ET显著低于B组(DA:4.41±2.48μg/Lvs9.97±3.69μg/L,P<0.01;148.271±69.113ng/Lvs361.469±98.080ng/L,P<0.01),但与D组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:艾灸足三里、梁门穴预处理可减轻束缚水浸应激所造成大鼠胃黏膜的损伤程度,这一作用可能是通过降低血浆DA和胃黏膜ET含量,增加胃黏膜血流量,抑制细胞凋亡实现的.     

Vincristine alters myoelectric activity and transit of the small intestine in rats

We investigated the motility of the small intestine in unanesthetized rats receiving vincristine (0.075, 0.50, 0.75 mg/kg i.v.). Motility was determined by two methods: myoelectric activity was monitored with indwelling bipolar electrodes, and intestinal transit was measured by the movement of radiochromium (Na51CrO4). Only the animals injected with the two higher doses had two distinct patterns of altered intestinal myoelectric activity within 2 h of drug administration. The first alteration occurred 44 +/- 6 min after vincristine administration and consisted of a marked increase in action potential activity with disruption of the migrating myoelectric complex. The second alteration consisted of a reappearance of the activity front of the migrating myoelectric complex with a significantly shorter periodicity. A marked reduction in spike activity occurred 3 days after vincristine injection in 3 of 10 animals receiving vincristine. A biphasic response was noted in intestinal transit. Disrupted activity front formation was associated with a significant delay in small bowel transit. In contrast, frequent activity front formation in rats was associated with significantly hastened transit. In summary, vincristine administration induces alterations of myoelectric activity of the small intestine in fasted rats and is associated with changes in intestinal transit.