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涎腺疾病包括涎腺肿瘤及非肿瘤性涎腺疾病.涎腺主要依靠其分泌液--唾液发挥功能.近些年来,涎腺疾病和唾液的研究方面取得了明显的进展,本文对其中部分进展作一概述.     

Diagnosis and treatment of strictures and kinks in salivary gland ducts.

PURPOSE: This article describes the use of sialoendoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of strictures and kinks in the major salivary glands ducts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four salivary glands with obstruction were diagnosed as having ductal kinks or strictures. Strictures were diagnosed by sialography and sialoendoscopy, kinks were diagnosed mainly by sialography, whereas endoscopy was used to rule out other pathology and to locate the kink. There were strictures in 25 salivary glands (14 male and 11 females; aged 25 to 60 years), 14 in the parotid and 11 in the submandibular gland, and kinks in 9 salivary glands (5 males 4 females; aged 40 to 55 years). Seven kinks were found in the submandibular gland and 2 in the parotid. Treatment of strictures was performed by dilatation procedures with saline under pressure, balloon techniques, and forced manipulation. After these procedures, a polyethylene stent was inserted for 2 weeks. Kinks were treated by advancement ductoplasty and balloon contouring to overcome the acute angle. RESULTS: Twenty of 25 cases of stricture became completely asymptomatic in a follow-up of 8 to 36 months after treatment. In 4 cases, further revisional dilatation was needed, and in 1 case treatment failed and the gland had to be removed. All 9 cases of kinks became completely asymptomatic in a follow-up of 6 to 24 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: Strictures and kinks should be considered when salivary gland obstruction is present without sialolithiasis.     

唾液腺透明细胞癌的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨唾液腺透明细胞癌的诊断和治疗原则。方法：2002年8月-2007年1月间共收治唾液腺透明细胞癌11例,均行手术扩大切除。3例有颌骨破坏者,分别行上颌骨次全切除、双侧上颌骨部分切除和下颌骨节段性切除,5例颈淋巴结肿大者行颈淋巴清扫术,对术后软硬组织缺损采用不同方法修复,5例辅以术后放疗。结果：11例术后病理均为唾液腺透明细胞癌,4例颈淋巴结转移。透明细胞免疫组化CK均（＋）,S-100均（-）,9例SMA（-）。除1例前臂皮瓣部分坏死外,11例伤口均愈合良好,无其他并发症。所有患者术后已随访0.5～5a,未发现局部肿瘤复发、颈淋巴结和远处转移。结论：唾液腺透明细胞癌是一种少见的唾液腺低度恶性肿瘤,免疫组化检查有助于确诊治疗首选局部广泛切除,颈淋巴结转移者应行颈淋巴清扫术,术后放疗主要用于局部复发或颈淋巴结转移者,患者一般预后良好。     

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涎腺肿瘤是口腔颌面部较为常见的肿瘤,约占全部口腔颌面肿瘤疾患的1/5,其中上皮源性肿瘤占多数,其他组织来源(如间叶组织)肿瘤则比较少见.如同卵巢肿瘤,涎腺肿瘤的病理类型十分复杂,生物学行为也大相径庭.     

Diagnosis and treatment of epithelial salivary gland tumours in children and adolescents

In a series of 2,871 epithelial salivary gland neoplasms managed in the Peking University School of Stomatology between 1974 and 1999, 86 arose in children <16 years of age (52 parotid, 12 submandibular gland, 2 sublingual gland, and 20 minor salivary gland). Considerable delay was encountered in diagnosis (benign 24 months and malignant 16 months). In this group of children, 46 tumours (53%) proved to be malignant, with an incidence in the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary glands of 31/52 (60%), 2/12, 0/2, and 13/20 (65%), respectively. Sixty-six of 86 neoplasms (77%) occurred in children between 10 and 16 years of age. Only six neoplasms were encountered in children of 5 years or younger, four of which were high-grade malignant tumours. Benign tumours were successfully treated by local excision with only one recurrence. Of 46 malignant neoplasms, 8 were treated palliatively; of the remainder 8 were lost to follow-up and 2 patients died of their disease.     

Surgical treatment of salivary gland tumors

Two hundred fifteen patients (74.14%) with benign tumors and 75 patients (25.86%) with malignant tumors of the salivary glands were analyzed. One hundred eighty-five of these patients were followed for 1 to 20 years postoperatively. Of 150 benign tumors, recurrence was noted in 15 cases (9.75%). The 5-year recurrence rate was 7.82%. With the malignant tumors, recurrence was noted in 16 patients (51.6%). The 5-year recurrence rate was 27.75%.     

HIV-related salivary gland diseases: diagnostics and treatment

In the article modern scientific data about etiopathogenesis, prevalence of HIV/AIDS-related salivary glands diseases (SGD) were cited. Questions of ultrasonic diagnostics, impact of specific antiviral therapy on SGD clinical course were considered. Author's result of a clinical case of three-year supervision of a HIV-infected patient with chronic parotid sialadenitis from own practice was presented.     

涎腺恶性肿瘤治疗方法的研究进展

在口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤中,涎腺恶性肿瘤是一类较常见、发生率较高的恶性肿瘤.任何年龄都可发生涎腺恶性肿瘤,且性别发生率无显著差异.涎腺恶性肿瘤多为涎腺上皮组织来源的恶性肿瘤,可发生于大涎腺如腮腺、领下腺和舌下腺,也可发生于小涎腺如腭腺等,具有组织分型多、细胞成分复杂等特点.近年来国内外针对涎腺恶性肿瘤在诊断治疗方面取得了一些进展,本文就涎腺恶性肿瘤的手术治疗、放射治疗、化学药物治疗、生物治疗等手段作一.     

涎腺肿瘤的诊断和治疗指南

涎腺肿瘤是常见的口腔颌面部肿瘤,病理类型十分复杂,以往对各种类型肿瘤的临床病理特点和生物学行为缺乏深入了解,治疗方面争议较多.近二十年国内专家对涎腺肿瘤的诊断和治疗进行了较系统的研究,明确了各型肿瘤的临床病理特点和生物学行为,对涎腺肿瘤的诊治原则达成许多共识.     

Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders

Current concepts and recommended treatment for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction have evolved over time. This article attempts to distill the current information for this often confusing topic into relevant clinical issues that will allow the general dental practitioner to be better able to diagnose and interpret clinical findings, and institute a therapeutic regimen that will provide needed relief to patients suffering from TMD dysfunction. Current management methods, both surgical and nonsurgical, are reviewed and discussed.     

舌前腺囊肿的诊断与治疗

舌前腺囊肿是一种容易误诊的疾病,作者对115 例患者分别用常规手术方法和改良手术方法的治疗结果进行比较.结果显示常规手术方法复发率为35%,改良手术方法复发率为1.33%.改良方法采用囊肿及同侧舌前腺体的完整摘除术为最佳方案,且疗效确切.