老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点

目的探讨老年冠心病患者冠状动脉的病变特点。方法临床诊断冠心病患者602例,其中老年女性207例(老年女性组),经冠状动脉造影确诊123例,中青年女性129例(中青年女性组),老年男性266例(老年男性组)。对比分析老年女性组与中青年女性组患者冠状动脉造影阳性率,老年女性组与老年男性组患者冠状动脉病变的不同特点。结果老年女性组不稳定性心绞痛和急性心肌梗死冠状动脉造影阳性率显著高于中青年女性组(77.3%vs57.7%,95.8%vs66.7%,P<0.01),两组患者稳定性心绞痛和陈旧性心肌梗死无统计学差异((78.2%vs76.5%,95.0%vs100.0%,P>0.05)。冠状动脉造影阳性的老年女性组与老年男性组患者不同临床类型的冠状动脉病变血管支数无统计学差异(P>0.05),老年女性组稳定性心绞痛和陈旧性心肌梗死冠状动脉Gensini积分均显著高于老年男性组[(54±7)分vs(46±5)分,(78±9)分vs(68±4)分,P<0.05],两组患者冠状动脉病变分布无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论老年女性患者冠状动脉病变阳性率高于中青年女性,部分老年女性患者冠状动脉病变程度较老年男性患者重。     

不同年龄急性心肌梗死患者血脂异常及冠状动脉病变的对比分析

目的 探讨不同年龄急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的血脂异常情况及冠状动脉病变特点.方法 将临床确诊AMI的135例患者分为中青年组（年龄35～59岁,59例）、老年组（年龄60～ 74岁,29例）和高龄老年组（年龄75 ～ 87岁,47例）;分析各组患者冠心病（CHD）危险因素、血脂水平和冠状动脉病变特点.结果 冠心病危险因素中,中青年组吸烟史和CHD阳性家族史比例明显高于高龄老年组,而高龄老年组合并高血压的比例明显高于中青年组（P＜0.05）.血脂谱分析显示中青年组总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）和载脂蛋白B（Apo B）均显著高于高龄老年组患者（P＜0.05）.3组AMI患者检出率最高的血脂异常为高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）降低.冠状动脉造影显示中青年组单支病变（23.7％）显著多于高龄老年组（4.2％）.冠状动脉病变程度用Gensini积分比较,高龄老年组显著高于中青年组和老年组.结论 高脂血症是各年龄组AMI患者最常见的危险因素,特别是HDL-C降低.应重视冠心病患者,特别是中青年患者血脂检测和调脂治疗.     

中青年与老年男性冠心病患者的临床特征比较

目的分析中青年和老年男性冠心病患者的临床特征及冠脉病变特点。方法将该院心血管科收治行冠脉造影的男性冠心病患者分为中青年组及老年组,比较两组冠心病危险因素及冠脉病变特点。结果中青年冠心病组患者心肌梗死、吸烟、阳性冠心病家族史比例明显高于老年冠心病组患者(P0.01)。老年冠心病组患者心绞痛、糖尿病、脑卒中比例明显高于中青年冠心病组患者(P0.05)。中青年冠心病组患者中甘油三酯水平高于老年组冠心病患者(P0.05)。老年组冠心病患者尿酸水平高于中青年组冠心病患者(P0.01)。中青年组冠状动脉病变主要为单支、局限性、低Gensini积分病变,老年组主要为多支、弥漫性、钙化性、长病变、高Gensini积分病变,两组比较有统计学意义(P0.01)。老年组侧支循环建立的比例高于中青年组(P0.01)。吸烟是中青年患者冠心病发生的独立险因素(P=0.012,回归系数β=1.379,OR=3.958,95%CI=1.35~11.42)。结论与中青年冠心病患者相比,老年冠心病患者中糖尿病、脑卒中比例较多。吸烟是中青年冠心病发生的独立危险因素。中青年患者以单支、局限性、低Gensini积分病变为主,老年患者以多支、弥漫性、钙化性、长病变、高Gensini积分病变为主。老年患者冠脉侧支循环建立较中青年冠心病患者丰富。     

老年冠心病患者的临床及冠状动脉造影特点

目的: 探讨老年冠心病患者的临床及冠状动脉造影（CAG）特点。方法: 2007年2月～2008年3月冠心病患者275例,根据年龄分为中青年组（<60岁,n=100)和老年组（≥60岁,n=175),对两组患者一般资料、血生化指标及CAG结果进行回顾性分析。结果: 老年组高血压病患病率显著高于中青年组(62% vs 39%,P<0.01),且血尿酸水平明显高于中青年组（P<0.05）。老年组以多支病变较多 (P<0.01)。老年组左回旋支(LCX)和右冠状动脉(RCA)病变均明显高于中青年组（P<0.01）,老年组ACC/AHA积分和弥漫长病变多于中青年组(P<0.01)。结论: 老年冠心病多并发高血压病和高血尿酸,病变程度较重且较弥漫。     

老年男性冠心病患者冠状动脉造影结果的分析

目的探讨老年男性冠心病与中青年男性冠心病患者不同的临床表现及其与冠状动脉造影结果的关系。方法选自我院782例以冠心病诊断进行冠状动脉造影的男性患者,其中老年男性374例(老年组);中青年男性408例(中青年组)。根据临床表现2组分别分为自发性心绞痛患者、劳累性心绞痛患者、急性心肌梗死患者、陈旧性心肌梗死患者、疑诊冠心病患者。分析老年组与中青年组之间的不同构成,以及各组之间冠状动脉造影阳性率的比较。结果老年组患者中劳累性心绞痛的比例明显高于中青年组,两组患急性心肌梗死和陈旧性心肌梗死的比例相近,中青年组患者疑诊冠心病的比例明显高于老年组。老年组冠状动脉造影阳性率明显高于中青年组。结论老年组患者冠状动脉存在固定性狭窄的比例明显高于中青年组患者,应当针对这一特点进行相应的治疗。     

青年与老年冠心病患者危险因素及病变特点对比分析

目的 比较青年与老年冠心病患者危险因素及病变特点。方法 选择冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者213例。老年组132（男108,女24）例;青年组81（男77,女4）例。回顾性分析危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点,支架植入资料。结果 ①两组中,吸烟、高三酰甘油血症、高血压是前三位的危险因素。青年组的严重超重率及高血压显著高于老年组（38% vs 12%和46% vs 21%,P<0.05）。②青年患者冠状动脉双支以上病变率显著低于老年组（53% vs 73%,P<0.05）。青年和老年患者,严重超重者的冠状动脉血管双支病变率高达74%和94%,前降支病变分别占48%和40%。③老年组植入支架率显著高于青年组（85.9% vs 56.8%,P<0.01）。④青年患者的急诊住院率显著高于老年组（37.0% vs 12.1%,P<0.05）。结论 吸烟、高三酰甘油血症、高血压病是前三位的危险因素,严重超重及高血压病在青年患者发病中起重要作用。长期吸烟和酗酒的老年患者,冠状动脉病变严重。青年患者发病突然,老年患者冠状动脉病变较重。约半数患者病变累及左前降支。     

不同年龄冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的代谢性危险因素特征分析

目的探讨不同年龄行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的冠心病患者代谢性危险因素特征。方法回顾性分析199例行CABG的冠心病患者的临床资料,根据年龄分为中青年组(年龄34～65岁,124例)和老年组(年龄≥65岁,75例),又根据冠状动脉病变程度分为多支病变亚组(病变支数≥3支)和非多支病变亚组(病变支数<3支),比较两组及亚组的代谢性危险因素特征。结果(1)中青年组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平低于老年组,体质指数(BMI)、舒张压(DBP)高于老年组(均为P<0.05);老年组血肌酐(Cr)水平、高血压患病比例高于中青年组(均为P<0.05)。(2)中青年多支病变亚组空腹血糖(FPG)(7.21±3.44)mmol/L、DBP(79±10)mm Hg高于老年多支病变亚组(6.26±1.41)mmol/L、(75±11)mm Hg(P=0.034、0.03);HDL-C(1.07±0.26)mmol/L低于老年多支病变亚组(1.19±0.26)mmol/L(P=0.011)。(3)中青年非多支病变亚组的BMI、DBP高于老年组(均为P<0.05)。结论与老年组相比,低HDL-C、高BMI、高DBP是中青年冠心病CABG患者的代谢特征;高FPG是中青年冠心病多支病变CABG患者的代谢特征。     

青年人急性心肌梗死危险因素及冠脉病变特点

目的 探讨青年人急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者危险因素、临床特点及冠脉病变特点.方法 对50例＜40岁AMI患者（青年组）及100例≥65岁AMI患者（老年组）的危险因素、临床特点及冠脉病变特点进行比较分析.结果 青年组主要危险因素有男性、吸烟、饮酒、冠心病家族史.青年组STEMI、有典型症状病例高于老年组,NSTEMI、有心绞痛病史病例少于老年组,发病至门急诊时间、门球时间、门针时间及住院期间死亡病例均低于老年组（P均＜0.05）.青年组单支病变及单支病变中左前降支、右冠状动脉病变,血栓病变高于老年组（P均＜0.05）;双支病变、多支病变及分叉病变等复杂病变低于老年组（P均＜0.05）.结论 青年人AMI患者常见的危险因素有男性、吸烟、饮酒、冠心病家族史;青年人AMI症状较老年患者典型,就诊时间早,冠脉复杂病变程度轻、血栓病变多.     

血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白水平是冠心病严重程度的独立预报因素

目的研究血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白（OxLDL）水平与冠心病严重程度的关系。方法134例怀疑为冠心病的住院患者,进行选择性冠状动脉造影。根据冠脉造影结果,将患者分为冠心病组（113例,至少有1支冠脉狭窄≥50%）和对照组（21例,所有冠脉分支狭窄均<50%）。冠心病组按照冠脉病变支数进一步分为4个亚组（1支病变26例,2支病变26例,3支病变53例,4支病变8例）;按照发病症状分为稳定型心绞痛组（51例）、不稳定型心绞痛组（22例）和急性心肌梗死组（40例）。血浆OxLDL水平采用ELISA试剂盒检测。其他冠心病危险因素如年龄、性别、体质量指数、血脂等数据也一并收集。结果在冠心病组和对照组之间,除了高血压病史有显著升高外（46%vs19%,P<0.05）,其他指标没有显著差别。冠心病患者血浆OxLDL水平显著高于对照组（1.15±0.32）μkat/m lvs（0.68±0.30）μkat/m l,P<0.01)。14支病变冠心病患者,其血浆OxLDL含量均显著高于对照组（1.10±0.32）μkat/m l、（1.12±0.27）μkat/m l、（1.17±0.32）μkat/m l和（1.33±0.37）μkat/m lvs（0.68±0.30）μkat/m l,P<0.01);但不同支数病变患者亚组间无显著性差异。稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛和急性心肌梗死患者血浆OxLDL含量均显著高于对照组（1.13±0.30）μkat/m l,（1.23±0.33）μkat/m l和（1.15±0.32）μkat/m lvs（0.68±0.30）μkat/m l,P<0.01);但是各分组之间无显著性差异。以血浆OxLDL水平为因变量进行多元回归分析,发现冠脉病变支数是血浆OxLDL水平升高的独立危险因素（P<0.01）。结论血浆OxLDL水平是冠心病严重程度独立预报因素。     

青年急性心肌梗死临床特征分析

目的探讨青年急性心肌梗死(Acute Myocardial Infarction,AMI)患者的临床特点,为青年AMI的防治提供依据。方法回顾性分析2018年1-12月期间我院AMI患者资料,分为青年组(≤40岁)和老年组(≥60岁),其中青年组107例,老年组163例,收集患者基线资料、冠脉造影资料和术后早期资料进行比较分析。结果青年组患者男性、大量吸烟、冠心病家族史、肥胖、酗酒和典型心绞痛症状的比例显著高于老年组(P0.05),老年组患者高血压和糖尿病的比例显著高于青年组患者(P0.05),而两组患者高脂血症和高尿酸血症的比例没有显著的统计学差异(P0.05)。青年组和老年组患者主要犯罪血管都是前降支(62.6%vs 51.5%,P0.05),青年组患者单支血管病变的比例显著高于老年组患者(72.9%vs 15.3%,P0.001),而老年组患者三支血管病变的比例显著高于青年组患者(49.7%vs 9.3%,P0.001),两组患者住院期间MACCE事件的发生率没有显著的统计学差异(P0.05)。结论青年AMI患者中以男性居多,危险因素主要以大量吸烟、冠心病家族史、酗酒和肥胖为主,大多数患者表现为典型的心绞痛症状,以单支病变为主。     

Pseudoaneurysm of coronary artery following rupture of coronary artery during coronary angioplasty.

Rupture of the coronary artery is a rare complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We describe a case of coronary artery rupture during PTCA resulting in the formation of a coronary artery pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated by percutaneous spring-coil embolization of the coronary artery.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention of bifurcation coronary disease

Bifurcation coronary artery disease is a frequent problem faced by interventional cardiologists and it affects approximately 15-20% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The application of drug-eluting stents (DES) technology to prevent restenosis after PCI represents one of the success stories in cardiology, but DES have not resolved the bifurcation PCI challenge. Bifurcation PCI remains associated with higher procedural failure and worse outcomes compared with PCI of non-bifurcated lesions even in DES era. A dependable strategy for PCI of bifurcation lesions has yet to be established, which is likely due to the paucity of studies evaluating the anatomical intricacies of the bifurcation as well as the lack of large scale randomized therapeutic trials. Further, bifurcation has many anatomical variants and it is unlike that one technique will fit all. Currently, we are left with the option of a tailor-made strategy for each patient and bifurcation anatomy and make the most of the limited evidence available to support our therapeutic decisions. In this review, we attempted to describe the current understanding of bifurcation anatomy and corresponding PCI strategies.     

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, coronary heart disease and sudden coronary death

Correlation between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, thrombosis and sudden cardiac death was examined in 721 autopsied cases. Severe coronary atherosclerosis with stenosis was found in most of them; however a similar grade of atherosclerosis was discovered in patients with ischaemic heart disease not dying suddenly. Acute coronary thrombosis in the studied subjects was diagnosed post mortem in about 20 percent of those who died suddenly. Other studies indicate frequencies between 4-93%. There was no consistent time dependence.     

Clinical trials of coronary revascularization: coronary angioplasty vs. coronary bypass grafting

In the absence of diabetes mellitus, rates of survival and of survival free of myocardial infarction (MI) are almost identical among patients with multivessel disease assigned to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) versus those assigned to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after 6.5 to 8 year follow-up period. Additional revascularization occurs 2.5 to 4.5 times more frequently in PTCA-treated than in CABG-treated patients and prevalence of angina is no longer statistically different between the two treatment groups. The excess health care costs of bypass surgery, which are important early after revascularization, almost disappear 5 to 8 years later. In patients with single vessel disease, survival free of MI is also comparable in both treatment groups at 5 years. Additional revasculariztion occurs two to four times more often in PTCA-treated than in CABG-treated patients and prevalence of angina does not differ between the two treatment groups. Thus, in nondiabetic patients with multivessel disease, the choice of a revascularization strategy rests on the patient's and treating physician's preference between the invasive nature of bypass surgery and the risk of recurrent procedures. In patients with single vessel disease, these long-term data suggest that bypass surgery is at least as safe and effective as coronary angioplasty and therefore may be a treatment option in selected cases.     

冠状动脉256排CT与冠状动脉造影对冠心病的诊断比较

目的冠状动脉256排CT成像技术与冠状动脉造影检查对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的诊断比较。方法选取2013年5月至2014年5月内蒙古兴安盟人民医院心血管内科疑似冠心病患者50例,其中男性29例,女性21例,年龄37~68岁。先行冠状动脉256排CT扫描及图像后处理,后行冠状动脉造影检查,将两结果进行对比分析。结果以冠状动脉狭窄≥50%者为阳性。冠状动脉256排CT诊断冠心病灵敏度为40.00%,特异度98.18%,阳性预测值88.89%,阴性预测值81.82%,正确指数38.18%,符合率82.67%,KAPPA值46.28%。结论冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病准确性优于冠状动脉CT。冠状动脉CT可对冠心病患者进行初筛诊断。     

冠脉微循环与冠心病

冠心病急性心肌梗死的再灌注治疗是现代医学发展的里程碑,它使被动、保守治疗转为积极、主动的血运重建,随着包括静脉溶栓、冠状动脉内溶栓、经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)、冠状动脉内支架置入术以及冠状动脉搭桥术等再灌注治疗技术的成熟、普及,挽救了无数患者的生命.     

Right coronary artery coronary sinus fistula with coronary sinus ostium stenosis

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery. The draining site of a right coronary artery (RCA) fistula may usually be the right ventricle, right atrium, or pulmonary artery. Here, we present a patient with right coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula (RCACSF) complicated by aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary sinus (CS) and stenosis of CS ostium.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of coronary artery embolism

A 35-yr-old woman with known valvular heart disease presented with acute myocardial infarction. Angiography demonstrated a totally occluded distal left anterior descending coronary artery. Though initially successful, angioplasty ultimately failed to maintain arterial patency, leaving a more distal total occlusion after several balloon inflations. In spite of this, PTCA possibly provided a more localized infarction via a peripheral mobilization of the embolus.     

Detecting of coronary dissection by coronary magnetic resonance

A 75-year-old man, who had a history of coronary dissection after percutaneous coronary intervention in left anterior descending coronary artery, underwent coronary magnetic resonance. Magnetic resonance demonstrated coronary dissection in the distal portion of the left anterior descending artery. Both the true lumen with thick vessel wall and the false lumen with thin vessel wall were demonstrated in the cross-sectional images using T1-weighed black blood technique and T2-weighed black blood technique. Soft plaque was located at the twelve o'clock in the true lumen. Invasive coronary angiogram showed long coronary dissection from middle to distal portion of left anterior descending coronary artery. Magnetic resonance was thought to be useful to detect and follow up the coronary dissection noninvasively.