切开复位内固定治疗Pilon骨折

目的探讨切开复位内固定治疗P ilon骨折的临床疗效。方法12例P ilon骨折采用切开复位内固定治疗。按Rüed i-A llgower分类,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型5例。软组织损伤中度8例,重度4例。结果12例均获随访,时间8~25个月,无一例出现切口浅表感染、皮缘坏死。按Teeny踝关节评分系统,优6例,良3例,可2例,差1例。结论正确的软组织处理、良好的复位与内固定技术、早期的康复锻炼是P ilon骨折治疗取得良好效果的保证。     

有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗Pilon骨折

目的　探讨有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗胫骨Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法　采用有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗Pilon骨折 14例。根据Ruedi Allgower骨折分型:Ⅰ型 3例,Ⅱ型 5例,Ⅲ型 6例。按Teeny踝关节功能评分标准进行疗效评价。结果　全部病例获得随访,随访时间 6个月 ~5年,平均 4 1年;骨折愈合时间 6~24周(平均 10 5周)。踝关节功能评分,优 9例、良 2例、可 2例、差 1例。结论　采用有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗Pilon骨折,能减少并发症并获得较好疗效。     

有限切开复位内固定加超关节外固定支架治疗Pilon骨折23例分析

目的总结有限切开复位螺钉内固定加超关节骨外固定支架治疗Pilon骨折的临床效果。方法23例Pilon骨折患者,均行有限切开复位螺钉内固定加超关节骨外固定支架固定。结果23例均获随访,平均时间12(10～16)个月,无切口、伤口及钉道感染,无神经、血管损伤等并发症,骨愈合过程中复位的关节面骨折块无位移。按Tenny和Wiss等踝关节症状和功能评分法,术后评分平均89(78～93)分,踝关节功能评定优3例,良14例,可6例,优良率73.9%。按Burwell和Charnley踝关节关节面骨折复位评分法,优良者17例,中等6例。结论有限内固定加外固定支架固定是治疗Pilon骨折的较好方法。     

动力型外固定架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折

目的探讨Orthofix动力型外固定支架结合有限内固定在治疗高能量Pilon骨折中的价值。方法2002年4月至2004年3月对11例高能量Pilon骨折采用Orthofix公司第四代跨关节外固定结合克氏针或螺钉有限内固定治疗,远端外固定螺钉固定于跟骨和距骨颈,外固定活动轴和踝关节运动的轴心位置保持一致。术后3周开始踝关节功能锻炼,2~5个月后去除外固定。结果11例均得到随访,随访6~18个月(平均13个月),骨折全部达骨性愈合,无切口感染、内植物外露等并发症。踝关节症状与功能评分按Mazur标准进行,临床评分68~97分(平均82分),其中优6例,良4例,可1例。结论Orthofix跨关节动力型外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗高能量Pilon骨折能促进骨折愈合,有利于踝关节早期活动,最大程度恢复踝关节功能,是治疗高能量Pilon骨折的一种理想方法。     

超关节外固定支架联合切开有限内固定治疗严重Pilon骨折

目的探讨超关节外固定支架联合切开有限内固定治疗严重Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年12月～2010年2月对25例高能量损伤的Pilon骨折,行胫骨切开复位有限内固定,内侧超关节外固定支架固定。结果手术时间80～210 min,平均95 min。2例术后出现浅表组织坏死,经换药后治愈。骨折愈合时间10～16周,平均13周。25例随访12～34个月,平均24个月。关节骨折复位采用Burwell&Charnley评分法:C1型全部解剖复位;C2型解剖复位8例,一般2例;C3型解剖复位4例,一般3例,差2例。术后12个月按Baird&Jackson的踝关节症状和功能评分法,优7例,良13例,可4例,差1例,优良率80.0%(20/25)。结论超关节外固定支架联合切开有限内固定治疗严重Pilon骨折能有效降低软组织并发症,提高关节面的复位质量。     

外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折

目的探讨外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折的疗效。方法采用外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗24例Pilon骨折。结果 24例均获得随访,时间10~20个月。无骨不连、皮肤坏死发生。踝关节功能Mazur评分：优14例,良7例,可3例。结论外固定支架结合有限内固定可以获得术后骨折稳定,取得良好踝关节功能,是治疗Pilon骨折有效的手术方案。     

外固定支架加有限内固定治疗开放C3型Pilon骨折

目的 探讨开放性C3型Pilon骨折的治疗方法和临床疗效.方法 2005年3月～2010年6月,对19例开放C3型Pilon骨折患者进行手术治疗(急诊清创、克氏针内固定、外固定支架固定、创面换药).结果 术后随访18～28个月,平均随访21个月,所有病例均获得骨性愈合.按Mazur评分标准,优10例,良6例,可2例,差1例,优良率84.4%.结论 外固定支架固定加有限内固定治疗开放C3型Pilon骨折是基层医院比较理想选择.     

有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗双侧Pilon骨折6例体会

[目的]探讨有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗双侧Pilon骨折的临床疗效.[方法]采用有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗双侧Pilon骨折6例12侧.其中开放骨折4侧,闭合骨折8侧.Rtiedi-Allgower Ⅱ型5侧,Ⅲ型7侧.[结果]患者均获得13-36个月随访,平均24.6个月.疗效评价采用Mazur踝关节功能评分标准:优4侧,良5侧,可3侧,优良率75%.[结论]有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗双侧Pilon骨折疗效令人满意,值得推广应用.     

带关节的超关节外固定架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折

目的应用带关节的超关节外固定架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折，并评估其疗效。方法2002年2月～2004年6月采用单边带关节的超踝关节T型外固定架结合有限内固定治疗19例（21侧）Pilon骨折患者。支架远端螺钉固定于距骨或跟骨，近端螺钉固定于胫骨骨折近端，使踝关节可以距下关节为中心在一定范围内活动。依据伤口软组织情况在术后2～3周松动外固定支架关节开始踝关节功能锻炼。结果19例患者全部获得随访10～18个月，平均13个月。临床效果满意，无切口、伤口及钉道感染，无神经、血管损伤，无骨不连等并发症。踝关节骨折复位情况（Burwell＆charnley踝关节骨折复位评分法）为C1型5例全部达解剖复位；C2型达解剖复位7例，一般2例，C3型达解剖复位4例，一般1例，复位差2例。踝关节症状和功能评分（Baird＆Jackson评分法）为72～98分，平均92分；优4侧，良12侧，可3侧，差2侧，优良率为84．2％。结论带关节的超关节外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折可避免伤口并发症和骨不连的发生，能更好地恢复关节面的解剖关系，有利于踝关节早期活动，避免关节僵硬，是治疗Pilon骨折的理想方法之一。     

有限内固定加跟骨牵引治疗Pilon骨折

目的 分析探讨Pilon骨折的损伤机理和最佳手术方式。方法 我院于1991年1月－2001年12月手术治疗Pilon骨折92例。根据Ovadia-Beals分类方法，Ⅰ型7例，Ⅱ型12例，Ⅲ型30例，Ⅳ型26例，Ⅴ型17例。其中有限内固定加跟骨牵引55例，跟骨牵引加石膏固定18例，胫腓骨同时固定10例，外固定支架9例。结果 随访4个月－8年7个月，平均4年5个月。参照Mazur评分系统，评价治疗效果：优42例，良34例，可11例，差5例。结论 Pilon骨折是患者高处坠落力与地面反弹力交汇于胫腓骨下端引起。有限内固定加跟骨牵引为有效手术方式。     

颈椎骨折或骨折脱位的早期外科治疗

本文报告了对３６例颈椎骨折及骨折脱位的病人早期施行颈椎前路减压及稳定性重建的结果，其中３４例获得随访，２５例不完全损伤者神经功能均有不同程度的改善。对颈椎骨折及骨折脱位的治疗应以及时、彻底的减压，纠正畸形、重建颈椎的稳定性为原则，前路手术是达到手术目的的理想方式，手术的时机应在病人全身情况良好的条件下尽早进行．减压及植骨融合后若辅以颈椎前路钢板内固定，将使融合节段更加稳定。     

Fracture Risk Following an Atypical Femoral Fracture

Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) occurring during the course of osteoporosis treatment usually lead to discontinuation of anti-resorptive (AR) drugs. However, the risk of fracture after an AFF is unknown. We conducted a follow-up study of patients with AFF matched 1:3 for age and gender with patients with a peripheral major osteoporotic fracture (pMOF), in the setting of a fracture liaison service, to investigate the incidence of subsequent low-trauma fractures. Fifty-five patients with AFF (95% women, age [mean ± standard deviation] 75 ± 10 years, 89% exposed to AR drugs), followed for 6.2 ± 3.7 years, were compared to 165 matched controls with a pMOF (hip 85%) followed for 4.3 ± 2.6 years. During the follow-up, 38% of patients in the AFF group and 16% in the pMOF group received AR therapies. Continuation of AR drugs after an AFF was associated with contralateral AFF in 27% of subjects. The risks of new low-trauma, major osteoporotic and imminent (within 2 years) fractures, were similar between the two groups: incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of subsequent fracture following AFF relative to pMOF, 1.30 (95% CI, 0.82–2.04), 1.28 (95% CI, 0.74–2.15), and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.54–2.15), respectively. Moreover, the risk of sustaining multiple fractures per participant was significantly increased among patients with AFF compared to pMOF (hazard ratio 1.48 [95% CI, 1.00–2.19]; p = 0.049). When taking mortality into account, the risk of subsequent fractures tended to be higher in the AFF group (sub-hazard ratio 1.42 [95% CI, 0.95–2.12]). In conclusion, patients who sustained an AFF are at high risk of subsequent fragility fractures, at least equal or even greater to the risk observed after a pMOF. However, continuation of AR drugs increases the risk of contralateral AFF. Therefore, optimal modalities for secondary fracture prevention after AFF require further evaluation. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

Paratrooper's Ankle Fracture: Posterior Malleolar Fracture

BackgroundWe assessed the frequency and types of ankle fractures that frequently occur during parachute landings of special operation unit personnel and analyzed the causes.MethodsFifty-six members of the special force brigade of the military who had sustained ankle fractures during parachute landings between January 2005 and April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The injury sites and fracture sites were identified and the fracture types were categorized by the Lauge-Hansen and Weber classifications. Follow-up surveys were performed with respect to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score, patient satisfaction, and return to preinjury activity.ResultsThe patients were all males with a mean age of 23.6 years. There were 28 right and 28 left ankle fractures. Twenty-two patients had simple fractures and 34 patients had comminuted fractures. The average number of injury and fractures sites per person was 2.07 (116 injuries including a syndesmosis injury and a deltoid injury) and 1.75 (98 fracture sites), respectively. Twenty-three cases (41.07%) were accompanied by posterior malleolar fractures. Fifty-five patients underwent surgery; of these, 30 had plate internal fixations. Weber type A, B, and C fractures were found in 4, 38, and 14 cases, respectively. Based on the Lauge-Hansen classification, supination-external rotation injuries were found in 20 cases, supination-adduction injuries in 22 cases, pronation-external rotation injuries in 11 cases, tibiofibular fractures in 2 cases, and simple medial malleolar fractures in 2 cases. The mean follow-up period was 23.8 months, and the average follow-up American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score was 85.42. Forty-five patients (80.36%) reported excellent or good satisfaction with the outcome.ConclusionsPosterior malleolar fractures occurred in 41.07% of ankle fractures sustained in parachute landings. Because most of the ankle fractures in parachute injuries were compound fractures, most cases had to undergo surgical repairs.     

新型跟骨钢板治疗跟骨骨折

目的研究和评估切开复位治疗跟骨骨折及跟骨钢板在跟骨骨折治疗中的作用.方法为18例跟骨骨折患者行切开复位跟骨钢板内固定.结果18例中15例获随访≥12个月.所有病例均完全愈合,无1例发生钢板螺钉松动、断裂等并发症.结论AO新型钢板能提供有效的固定节段稳定性,是治疗跟骨骨折较好的内植物,为临床提供了一个良好的治疗跟骨骨折的方法.     

Acute and Long-Term Increase in Fracture Risk after Hospitalization for Vertebral Fracture

The aims of this study were to determine the magnitude of the increase in risk of further fracture following hospitalization for vertebral fracture, and in particular to determine the time course of this risk. The records of the Swedish Patient Register were examined from 1987 to 1994 to identify all patients who were admitted to hospital for thoracic or lumbar vertebral fractures. Vertebral fractures were characterized as due to high- or low-energy trauma. Patients were followed for subsequent hospitalizations for hip fracture, and for all fractures combined. A Poisson model was used to determine the absolute risk of subsequent nonvertebral fracture and compared with that of the general population. We analyzed 13.4 million hospital admissions from which 28.869 individuals with vertebral fracture were identified, of which 60% were associated with low-energy trauma. There was a marked increase in subsequent incidence of hip and all fractures within the first year following hospitalization for vertebral fracture in both men and women. Thereafter, fracture incidence declined toward, but did not attain, baseline risk. Increased risks were particularly marked in the young. The increase in fracture risk was more marked following low-energy vertebral fracture than in the case of high-eneergy trauma. We conclude that the high incidence of new fractures within a year of hospitalization for vertebral fractures, irrespective of the degree of trauma involved, indicates that such patients should be preferentially targeted for treatment. It is speculated that short courses of treatment at the time of first vertebral fracture could provide important therapeutic dividends. Received: 6 June 2000 / Accepted: 28 September 2000     

手术治疗髋臼合并同侧股骨干骨折的临床研究

目的总结髋臼合并同侧股骨干骨折的手术方法和治疗效果。方法从2003-2006年共手术治疗12例。股骨干骨折根据AO的Muller分类法，A1型3例，A2型2例，A3型3例，B2型3例，C2型1例。髋臼骨折按AO的Letournel～Judet分型，A1型2例，A2型1例，B型5例，C型4例。根据不同骨折类型，分别采用不同手术入路进行骨折复位内固定。结果12例患者平均随访15．8个月，根据Matta影像学评分，解剖复位7例，满意复位3例，不满意复位2例。根据D’Aubign6和Postel功能评分法，优6例（50．00％），良2例（16．67％），可3例（25．00％）），差1例（8．33％）。根据Epstein影像学标准评价，优7例，良2例，可2例，差1例。发生股骨头坏死合并创伤性关节炎1例（8．33％），异位骨化1例（8．33％）。无手术死亡、感染及骨折不愈合发生。结论把握合适的手术时机，准确的评估骨折类型，选择正确的手术入路，配合术中灵活的处理，是提高疗效的关键。