氨氯地平片联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的疗效观察

目的：探究氨氯地平片联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床疗效。方法选取2011年9月—2013年9月我院门诊诊断为高血压合并冠心病的患者68例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各34例。试验组患者给予氨氯地平片联合阿托伐他汀钙片,对照组给予硝苯地平控释片;两组患者均连续治疗6个月。比较两组患者治疗前后血压、血脂,治疗后心肌梗死发作次数、心功能指标及服药期间不良反应情况。结果两组患者治疗前收缩压与舒张压比较,差异无统计学意义（P 〉0.05）;试验组患者治疗后收缩压、舒张压均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P 〈0.05）。两组患者治疗前 TG、TC、LDL、HDL 比较,差异无统计学意义（P 〉0.05）,试验组患者治疗后 TG、TC、LDL 均低于对照组,HDL 高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P 〈0.05）。治疗后,试验组心绞痛发作次数少于对照组,左室舒张期容积（EVD）、每搏输出量（SV）及射血分数（EF）均高于对照组,左室收缩期容积（ ESV）低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P 〈0.05）。两组患者服药期间均未出现明显不良反应。结论氨氯地平片联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病疗效显著,不良反应少。     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床观察

目的：探究氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床疗效。方法选取2007年5月-2013年5月本院收治的100例高血压合并冠心病患者,将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各50例。观察组口服复方氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,对照组口服氨氯地平片治疗。比较两组患者用药后的血脂、血压及不良反应。结果治疗后观察组收缩压、舒张压、TG、TC、HDL-C及LDL-C均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。两组患者治疗期间及治疗后均无不良反应出现。结论高血压合并冠心病患者采用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗效果显著。     

氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀治疗200例高血压合并高血脂症老年患者的效果观察

目的:探讨高血压合并高血脂症老年患者经氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀治疗的临床疗效.方法:选取我院收治的200例高血压合并高血脂症老年患者的临床资料,病例收治时间在2013年4月～2015年6月,将患者随机分为两组,每组100例.对照组采用阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,观察组采用氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀治疗,比较两组治疗效果、血压指标、HDL、LDL、TC、TG指标.结果:①观察组治疗总有效率为97.00％,对照组治疗总有效率为83.00％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②观察组治疗后的血压指标改善效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③观察组治疗后的HDL、LDL、TC、TG指标改善效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:高血压合并高血脂症老年患者通过采用氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀治疗,血压、血脂指标得到显著改善,值得临床推广.     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的效果观察

目的观察氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床效果及不良反应。方法63例高血压合并冠心病患者随机分为两组。对照组30例采用阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,观察组33例采用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,两组疗程均为8周,比较两组患者治疗前后血压、血脂指标变化及治疗期间出现的不良反应。结果两组患者治疗后的收缩压及舒张压均明显下降,且观察组下降较对照组更为显著（P〈0．05）;两组患者治疗后的TG、TC、LDL—C均明显下降,而HDL—C明显升高,且观察组下降或升高较对照组更为显著（P〈0．05）,两组患者治疗期间未出现严重不良反应。结论氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病可明显改善患者的血压、血脂等,安全可靠．值得临床广泛应用。     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片对高血压高血脂的治疗效果观察

目的观察氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片对高血压高血脂的治疗效果。方法选取90例高血压合并高血脂患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组给予氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片,对照组仅给予阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组;治疗后,观察组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C等指标均优于对照组。结论氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片对高血压高血脂的治疗效果显著,值得在临床上推广。     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床疗效

目的观察氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床效果。方法选择2015年2月至2016年2月我院接收的高血压合并冠心病患者80例,随机分成对照组(n=40)和研究组(n=40),对照组给予氨氯地平治疗,研究组给予氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片,比较两组患者治疗半年后的各项临床指标变化情况。结果两组患者经过半年治疗后,研究组患者的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)以及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)指数均明显低于对照组,差异较大,具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片在治疗高血压合并冠心病患者的过程中,疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙片对高血压合并冠心病的治疗效果评价

目的分析高血压合并冠心病采用氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗的效果。方法 52例高血压合并冠心病患者,随机分为实验组及对照组,各26例。实验组患者采用氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,对照组患者采用氨氯地平治疗。比较两组患者的血压情况,血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)],治疗效果。结果治疗后,实验组患者的舒张压为(82.19±2.37)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),收缩压为(125.37±3.12)mm Hg;对照组患者的舒张压为(88.34±2.11)mm Hg,收缩压为(133.64±2.89)mm Hg。实验组患者的舒张压及收缩压均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平均优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率96.15%高于对照组的76.92%,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=4.1270, P<0.05)。结论高血压合并冠心病采用氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,效果理想,值得临床推荐。     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床效果观察

目的观察氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床效果。方法选取2017年6月-2019年6月福州民卫医院收治的高血压并发冠心病患者100例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。对照组给予硝苯地平治疗,观察组给予氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗。比较2组治疗效果、血脂指标、血压指标、不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率为90.00%,低于对照组的72.00%(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平均低于对照组,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)高于对照组(P<0.01);治疗后,观察组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)水平均低于对照组(P<0.01)。2组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病效果显著,可有效改善患者血压和血脂情况,治疗安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压伴高血脂的疗效观察

目的：探讨氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压伴高血脂的临床疗效观察。方法选取2012年6月-2013年2月在医院接受治疗的高血压伴高血脂患者40例。均接受氨氯地平加阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,比较治疗前后临床疗效。结果治疗后的收缩压、舒张压、TC、TG、LDL-C 较治疗前明显降低,HDL-C 较治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）。结论氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙片同时治疗高血压伴高血脂,可以产生2种药物的协同作用,起到多重治疗二级预防的效果。     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床疗效分析

目的分析氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片对高血压合并冠心病进行治疗的效果。方法选取我院2016年10月至2017年12月期间,所收治82例高血压合并冠心病患者,根据患者就诊的时间分组,将82例患者分为观察组(n=41)、对照组(n=41)。观察组采用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,对照组采用氨氯地平治疗,使用统计学软件SPSS17.0,对比两组患者治疗效果的差异。结果观察组的治疗总有效率95.12%,对照组的治疗总有效率75.61%,差异性显著,P<0.05。两组血压指标(收缩压SBP、舒张压DBP)比较,统计学意义存在,P<0.05。结论高血压合并冠心病患者,接受氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,临床效果显著,且能有效控制患者的收缩压和舒张压。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.