Gastric cancer surgery in the elderly without operative mortality

BACKGROUND: Surgeons are increasingly being faced with the problem of treating elder gastric carcinoma patients. Recent improvements in the techniques for preoperative diagnosis and perioperative management have been made. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether these improvements have produced a decrease in postoperative complications and mortality and resulted in a better clinical outcome. METHODS: Between 1993 and 2003, 141 elderly patients (aged 80 years or above) with gastric cancer underwent operation under the care of dedicated staff surgeons. The results of treatment were analysed. RESULTS: 52 (36.9%) patients had a diagnosis of gastric cancer during a health-check. Only 19 patients (13.5%) had no preoperative risk factors. The ASA score was II in 80%. Approximately 35% of the patients had early gastric cancer. Nodal metastasis was observed in 56% of the patients. The proportion of stage I patients was 40%. Resection rate was 95.7%. Reduced nodal dissection (相似文献   

Catheter-related infection and thrombosis of the internal jugular vein in hematologic-oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy: a prospective comparison of silver-coated and uncoated catheters

BACKGROUND: Catheter-related venous thrombosis is one of the most frequent complications of central venous catheters (CVCs). This complication occurs in 4- 40% of patients with hematologic malignancies receiving conventional chemotherapy after placement of CVCs. METHODS: The objective of this prospective study was to assess whether a silver-coated CVC poses an additional risk in the development of catheter-related thrombosis in hematologic-oncologic patients. Patients were randomized to receive either silver-coated polyurethane catheters (BactiGuard; Metacot, Stockholm, Sweden) or uncoated standard polyurethane catheters (Cavatheter, Fresenius AG, Bad Homburg, Germany) for central venous access. Silver-coated catheters (n = 120) and standard catheters (n = 113) were inserted into the jugular vein in 233 consecutive patients. Variables that may be significant for the development of thrombosis were comparable in the two groups. After removal of the CVC, the patency of both jugularian veins internal as well as external was assessed with real-time ultrasound (Sonolayer-SAL-35A; Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan). RESULTS: Four of 233 patients (1.5%) were found to have venous thrombosis. Incomplete occlusion of the internal jugular vein occurred in 2 patients (0.75%, parietal thrombosis), and complete thrombosis, although clinically silent, was found in 2 patients (0.75%). There was no difference between patients with silver-coated and uncoated CVCs. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that this novel silver-coated CVC does not cause a higher rate of central venous thrombosis compared with standard CVCs. The low overall incidence of central venous thrombosis might be attributed to the routine application of low-dose heparin in our patients during chemotherapeutic treatment.     

Techniques and complications of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for gastric cancer.

AIM: Recently, LADG has become a viable alternative for the treatment of patients with early gastric cancer. Surgeons who are seeking to undertake, or currently practicing LADG, are concerned about unpredictable intraoperative events that occur during LADG. The aims of this study were to investigate intraoperative and postoperative complications in laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with more than D1+beta lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 219 patients who underwent laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer by a single surgeon between April 2003 and January 2006, 128 patients were enrolled in this study. The operative procedure was divided into five steps. Various intraoperative complications, such as bleeding and perigastric organ injuries, that occurred during different operative steps were investigated by reviewing videotapes. RESULTS: A total of 839 events of bleeding were encountered during the procedure with a mean of 6.6 per patient. The mean number of bleeding during each step was significantly different and more bleedings occurred during steps II and IV (P<0.0001). Sixteen cases of complications other than bleeding occurred in 15 patients (11.7%), and they were all managed properly without conversion or reoperation. Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 15.6 and 0.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: LADG with more than D1+beta lymphadenectomy is a technically feasible and acceptable surgical modality for gastric cancer. Intraoperative bleeding was found to be the most common complication during LADG for gastric cancer, and more bleedings occurred during steps II and IV.     

营养风险筛查对胃癌手术并发症发生率的预测价值*

目的:探讨营养风险筛查对胃癌手术后并发症发生率的预测价值。方法:对2013 年1 月至2014 年10 月新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院胃肠外科择期行胃癌根治术的353 例胃癌患者,采用欧洲营养风险筛查2002 （NRS 2002 ）评分进行术前营养评估,比较存在营养风险的患者和无营养风险的患者术后并发症发生率。结果:按照 NRS 2002 评分,术前存在营养风险和无营养风险者术后并发症发生率分别为47 .0%（77 /164）和31 .2%（59 /189）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。NRS 2002 评分≥3 分的患者,术前有营养支持比无营养支持并发症发生率低,差异有统计学意义（P=0.013）。经Logistic多因素风险回归分析证实,NRS 2002 评分是胃癌手术后并发症的独立危险因素（P=0.039,0R=1.634,95 % CI :1.025～2.606）。结论:NRS 2002 评分作为一种术前营养风险筛查方法,可有效预测胃癌手术后并发症的发生率。      

胃癌合并肝硬化门脉高压症患者行根治术后出现并发症的危险因素及预后分析

目的:探讨胃癌合并肝硬化门脉高压症患者行根治术后出现并发症的危险因素及预后特点。方法:收集2000年1月至2012年1月我院收治的123例行根治性切除术的胃癌合并肝硬化门脉高压症患者的临床资料。统计分析可能与术后并发症相关的危险因素，以电话或门诊复查等方式进行随访，分析术后并发症与患者长期生存的关系。结果:123例患者无一例围术期死亡。术后共78例（63.4%）患者出现了并发症，其中以腹水最为常见，共36例，其次分别为肺部感染22例、出血11例、切口感染10例、术后肝肾功能障碍9例、膈下感染7例。单因素分析结果显示，患者术后并发症的发生与肿瘤直径、上消化道出血史、Child分级、血清白蛋白、血小板、血红蛋白、术中出血量相关（P＜0.05），但与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、分期、肝硬化病因、手术方式、手术时间无关（P＞0.05）。Logstic多因素分析发现，仅有Child分级、血清白蛋白、术中出血量是影响患者术后并发症发生的独立性危险因素（P＜0.05）。截至随访日期，并发症组78例患者，死亡42例，5年生存率为46.1%（36/78）；无并发症45例患者，死亡15例，5年生存率为66.7%（30/45）。两组患者总体生存率之间差异有统计学意义（P=0.023）。结论:对于胃癌合并肝硬化的患者，术后出现并发症是远期预后不良的重要信号。Child分级、血清白蛋白、术中出血量是影响术后并发症发生的最主要因素。术前积极调整Child分级，补充血清白蛋白，术中遵循减伤原则，控制出血，或能有效减少术后并发症发生。     

Central venous catheter-related complications in children with oncological/hematological diseases: an observational study of 418 devices.

BACKGROUND: The use of indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) has become commonplace in the management of children undergoing anticancer treatment. Several types of CVC are available, while information on complications observed in children is scarce. We describe the experience of two tertiary care centers in Italy that prospectively followed up three types of CVC used at both institutions over a 30-month period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2000 and May 2002, double-lumen (DL) or single-lumen (SL) Hickman-Broviac (HB) catheters, and single-lumen pressure-activated safety valve (PASV) catheters were used and prospectively evaluated. Four types of possible complication were defined a priori: mechanical, thrombotic, malfunctioning and infectious. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighteen CVCs (180 SL-HB, 162 DL-HB and 76 PASV) were inserted in 368 children, for a total of 107 012 catheter days at risk of complication. At least one complication occurred while using 169 of the devices (40%): 46% of the DL-HB, 46% of the PASV and 33% of the SL-HB (P=0.02) catheters. Subjects with hematological malignancies or non-malignant diseases had significantly more complications than those with solid tumors (P <0.0001). Overall, 234 complications were documented: 93 infectious [complication rate per 1000 catheter days at risk (CR)=0.87], 84 malfunctioning (CR=0.78), 48 mechanical (CR=0.45) and nine thrombotic (CR=0.08). SL-HB had statistically fewer infectious complications, while PASV had more mechanical complications. In a multivariate regression model, the most significant risk factors for having a CVC complication were hematological disease [relative risk (RR)=3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-4.8] and age <6 years at CVC insertion (RR=2.5; 95% CI 1.5-4.1). As for the type of CVC, compared with SL-HB, the DL-HB catheter had a statistically significant two-fold increased risk of any complication (RR=2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.6), while the PASV catheter had a borderline RR of 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.6). Analysis by tumor type showed a higher risk of any kind of complication in patients with solid malignancies who had received a DL-HB catheter as compared with an SL-HB catheter (RR=7.2; 95% CI 2.8-18.7). CONCLUSIONS: CVCs may cause complications in up to 40% of patients, with type of CVC, underlying disease and patient age being the three main factors that affect the incidence of CVC-related complications. SL-HB catheters have the best performance.     

Potentially fatal complications for elderly patients after laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy

Background

The safety of surgery for gastric cancer in the elderly has been shown previously. However, potentially fatal complications based on an established severity grading system were not well described, and associated risk factors have not been assessed. The present study sought to examine severity-dependent postoperative complications after laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) in elderly patients and risk factors of potentially fatal postoperative complications.

Methods

The study included 189 patients aged 70 years or older and who underwent LADG for early gastric cancer. Patient characteristics, perioperative outcomes, postoperative complications including severity assessment using the Clavien–Dindo classification, and risk factors related to postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results

The overall complication rate was 24.9 % (47/189). The most frequent complication was abdominal fluid collection (9 cases, 4.8 %). Severe complications classified as grade III or above in the Clavien–Dindo grading system were found in 20 (10.6 %) patients. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative serum albumin concentration (odds ratio, 5.200; 95 % CI, 1.706–15.850), Roux-en-Y reconstruction (odds ratio, 3.611; 95 % CI, 1.103–11.817), and simultaneous cholecystectomy (odds ratio, 5.008; 95 % CI, 1.378–18.201) as independent predictors of a higher rate of severe postoperative complications after LADG in elderly patients.

Conclusion

The incidence of severe complications after LADG in the elderly was quite acceptable considering the risks associated with radical surgery with extensive lymphadenectomy. Preoperative serum concentrations of albumin (<4.0 g/dl), Roux-en-Y reconstruction, and simultaneous cholecystectomy are independent risk factors for severe postoperative complications in these patients.     

Dalteparin for prevention of catheter-related complications in cancer patients with central venous catheters: final results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial.

BACKGROUND: Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy experience thromboembolic complications associated with the use of long-term indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs). This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluated whether prophylactic treatment with a low molecular weight heparin could prevent clinically relevant catheter-related thrombosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy for at least 12 weeks (n=439) were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive either dalteparin (5000 IU) or placebo, by subcutaneous injection, once daily for 16 weeks. Patients underwent upper extremity evaluation with either venography or ultrasound at the time of a suspected catheter-related complication (CRC) or upon completion of study medication. The primary end point, as determined by a blinded adjudication committee, was the occurrence of a CRC, defined as the first occurrence of any one of the following: clinically relevant catheter-related thrombosis that was symptomatic or that required anticoagulant or fibrinolytic therapy; catheter-related clinically relevant pulmonary embolism; or catheter obstruction requiring catheter removal. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the frequency of CRCs between the dalteparin arm (3.7%) and the placebo arm (3.4%; P=0.88), corresponding to a relative risk of 1.0883 (95% confidence interval 0.37-3.19). No difference in the time to CRC was observed between the two arms (P=0.83). There was no significant difference between the dalteparin and placebo groups in terms of major bleeding (1 versus 0) or overall safety. CONCLUSIONS: Dalteparin prophylaxis did not reduce the frequency of thromboembolic complications after CVC implantation in cancer patients. Dalteparin was demonstrated to be safe over 16 weeks of treatment in these patients.     

Postoperative complications and open gastrectomy affect non-cancer-related death and shorten life expectancy in elderly patients with gastric cancer

Postoperative complications contribute to recurrences and poor long-term outcomes for gastric cancer patients, especially among the elderly. However, the prognostic effect of postoperative complications on non-cancer-related death in elderly patients with gastric cancer has not been reported. Two hundred and twenty elderly (> 75 years of age) patients with stage I gastric cancer were retrospectively identified from consecutive admissions between 1995 and 2020. Non-cancer-related death following gastrectomy occurred in 13.6% (30/220) of patients. Non-cancer-related death was associated with respiratory disease in 46.7% (14/30) of cases. Although there was no association with any preoperative comorbidities, postoperative complications [P < 0.001, HR 4.16 (95% CI: 1.91-9.02)] and open gastrectomy [P=0.002, HR 3.87 (95% CI: 1.54-9.66)] were independently associated with a poorer prognosis for non-cancer-related death. Poor nutritional status [P=0.028, OR 4.25 (95% CI: 1.17-15.4)] was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Postoperative complications shortened life expectancy from 8.8 years to 6.1 years. Specifically, postoperative complications shortened life expectancy from 6.7 years to 3.9 years in elderly patients over 80 years of age. Postoperative complications and open gastrectomy affected the incidence of non-cancer-related death among elderly patients with gastric cancer, primarily attributed to respiratory disease. Efforts should be made to perform minimally invasive surgery, improve preoperative nutrition, and avoid postoperative complications.     

老年病人胃癌术后呼吸道并发症的防治

目的探讨65岁以上老年胃癌病人胃癌术后呼吸道并发症的原因及预防治疗。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2005年12月间我院行65岁以上胃癌切除术病人的临床资料。结果研究期间65岁以上老年胃癌病人行胃癌切除术共95例,术前合并呼吸道疾病者26例;术后并发急性气管支气管炎、肺炎、肺不张等共25例,术前有无呼吸道伴发病者分别为12例(46.2%),13例(18.8%),统计学差异有显著性意义。手术死亡1例,因胸腔积液和肺部感染死于呼吸功能衰竭。结论65岁以上合并有呼吸道疾病者胃癌术后急性气管支气管炎、肺部感染和肺不张发生率高,手术前后的呼吸道疾病的发生将增加手术风险,应重视围术期处理。     

The effectiveness of chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine impregnated central venous catheters in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral stem cell transplantation

Immuno-compromised patients are at high risk for all kind of infections. Unfortunately, they need central venous catheters (CVCs), which are associated with infectious complications. In this study we examined the effectiveness of chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine impregnated CVCs to prevent catheter-related infections in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral stem cell transplantation. This historical cohort study evaluated 139 patients of whom 70 patients were provided with non-impregnated CVCs and 69 patients with impregnated CVCs. Patients were treated for different diagnoses. The median number of days a CVC stayed in situ was 18 in the non-impregnated group and 16 in the impregnated group. The median duration of neutropenia of patients with non-impregnated CVCs was 9 days compared with 7 days of patients with impregnated CVCs. We found less catheter colonization (CC) in patients with chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine CVCs (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41–0.96; P  = 0.03). Catheter-related blood stream infections (CR-BSI) were also diminished, but this result was not statistically significant (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.02–1.15; P  = 0.06). The reduction in CC and CR-BSI did not diminish the incidence of fever. We conclude that the use of chlorhexidine–silver sulfadiazine impregnated CVCs provide an important improvement in the attempt to reduce CC and CR-BSI.     

Failure-to-rescue in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal or gastric cancer

Background

Complex surgical procedures such as esophagectomy and gastrectomy for cancer are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in postoperative morbidity, mortality, and associated failure-to-rescue (FTR), in patients who underwent a potentially curative resection for esophageal or gastric cancer in the Netherlands, and to investigate differences between the two groups.

食管癌和贲门癌患者术后呼吸衰竭原因分析及防治

目的分析研究食管癌和贲门癌患者手术后发生呼吸衰竭的原因和治疗措施。方法应用SPSS统计软件Logistic回归分析及x^2检验,对114例呼吸衰竭患者的原因及死亡风险进行分析。结果因手术相关并发症引发的呼吸衰竭者40例（35．1％）,因严重呼吸道感染诱发的呼吸衰竭者43例（37．7％）,二者占全组的72．8％（83／114）。其他原因为麻醉清醒不完全或术中输液过量造成肺水肿、肺动脉栓塞、严重心律失常等。单因素和Logistic回归多因素分析发现,出现手术相关并发症者、术后并发症种类愈多者、术前肺功能差者、术前放疗者、术后第2天以后开始插管者、辅助呼吸时间愈长者、呼吸衰竭合并肺炎或‘肾衰者,其死亡危险性显著增加。其中前3者为显著独立致死因素,相对风险度分别为2．50,2．37和1．68;而与年龄、性别、手术治疗方式、术前合并疾病史、术前应用抗菌素等因素无显著相关性。结论食管癌和贲门癌患者术后发生呼吸衰竭多因手术相关的并发症和呼吸道感染所致。仔细谨慎的手术操作和术后防止严重并发症的发生,是避免食管癌和贲门癌术后发生呼吸衰竭的最重要措施。术后严密观察各项生命指征、及时插管或气管切开行机械通气辅助呼吸,是减少术后呼吸衰竭死亡的有效措施。     

术前血清白蛋白水平正常的老年胃癌患者术后白蛋白变化与并发症的相关性分析

  目的  探讨术前血清白蛋白水平正常的老年胃癌患者术后血清白蛋白变化（ΔALB）与术后并发症之间的相关性。  方法  回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年12月连云港市市立东方医院经根治性手术治疗（R0切除，D2或D2+淋巴结清扫）的老年（年龄>65岁）胃癌患者的实验室指标、术后并发症情况。采用单因素和多因素分析以鉴定预测术后并发症的临床因素。计算ΔALB，绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）；测量ΔALB的截止值并得出诊断精度。ΔALB定义为:（术前白蛋白水平-术后第1天白蛋白水平）/术前白蛋白水平×100%。  结果  本研究共纳入符合条件患者214例，并发症发生率为25.7%。通过Logistic回归分析，ΔALB、C-反应蛋白水平[CRP（POD3）]与联合脏器切除是术前ALB水平正常患者术后短期并发症的独立危险因素。根据并发症情况，计算ΔALB、CRP（POD3）与联合脏器切除的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.719、0.609与0.614。ΔALB的截止值为17.1%，灵敏度为0.564，特异度为0.805；以17.1%作为分界值，将患者分为低ΔALB组（152例）和高ΔALB组（62例）。对于不同级别并发症及总体并发症发生率，高ΔALB组均大于低ΔALB组（均P < 0.05）。通过Kaplan-Meier生存分析，与低ΔALB的患者相比，高ΔALB的患者短期内出现并发症的风险更高（P < 0.001）。  结论  对于术前血清白蛋白正常的老年胃癌患者，ΔALB是术后短期并发症的独立预测因素，ΔALB超过17.1%时，术后并发症风险增加。      

Adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatinum,mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil,and calcium folinate in patients with gastric cancer: a phase II study

Gastric carcinoma remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. Clinical studies have revealed that approximately two thirds of the patients seek treatment for early recurrence within the abdominal cavity. The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the toxicity, feasibility, and efficacy of adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPCT) with cisplatin, mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and folinic acid in patients with stage II-III gastric cancer. Patients with stage II and III gastric cancer aged between 15 and 70 years, after curative resection, with adequate liver, renal, and cardiac function were included in the study. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin 60 mg/m2, mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2, 5-FU 600 mg/m2, and folinic acid 60 mg/m2, delivered intraperitoneally, diluted in 2 l normal saline. Intraperitoneal fluid was not drained. Each course of IPCT was repeated every 4 weeks for a total 6 cycles. Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. Twenty-eight of the 39 patients (71.8%) completed six courses of the planned schedule. One patient (2.6%) died after a fourth cycle of IPCT from an undetermined reason. The major nonhematologic toxicity from IPCT was grade I-III nausea and/or vomiting experienced by 27 patients (69.2%). Twenty-four (61.5%) patients reported abdominal discomfort. Median follow-up was 23 (range: 3-105) months. Twenty-five patients (64.1%) were dead. Median disease-free survival and overall survival were 12 (CI 95%; 8.3-15.7 months) and 19 months (CI 95%; 10.5-27.5 months), respectively. The cumulative 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 24.7% and 30.7%, respectively. The regimen was generally associated with acceptable toxicity. However, adjuvant IPCT has similar survival rates in comparison to no adjuvant treatment; thus, it cannot be currently recommended outside the context of a clinical trial.     

Prevention of postoperative complications in patients with stomach cancer using an antioxidant complex

The suitability of complex administration of antioxidants (vitamins C, E and A) for prevention of postoperative complications was assessed in a randomized study which included 197 cases of gastric cancer. The treatment was followed by a lowering of lipid peroxidation process. In a group of 95 patients who had received the drugs preoperatively, the postoperative complication rate dropped from 30.9 to 1.9%.     

Role of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of central venous catheter infections in children with cancer

BACKGROUND: The use of central venous catheters (CVCs) in pediatric cancer patients is associated with substantial risk of producing sepsis. The treatment of catheter-related infections has generally consisted of antibiotic administration with or without catheter removal. The authors report the first published experience using intraluminal hydrochloric acid (HCl) instillation as an adjunct to systemic antimicrobials in the management of catheter-related infections in children with cancer. METHODS: All episodes of intraluminal instillation of 2 M HCl in oncology patients at The Children's Hospital at Westmead between December 1994 and August 2000 were reviewed. Episodes of HCl use were identified from a prospectively maintained infection data base. Successful treatment was defined as no recurrence of infection and no need for CVC removal in the 100 days after HCl administration. RESULTS: Forty-two episodes of HCl instillation were evaluated that occurred in children in whom blood cultures remained positive despite 48 hours of appropriate, systemic antibiotics and formed the basis of this review. All patients had in situ a surgically placed, subcutaneously tunneled CVC. The combination of systemic antibiotic therapy and HCl instillation was successful in eradicating infection in 67% of infection episodes in this patient cohort. The catheter salvage rate was 83% in patients with isolated Gram-negative infections, 75% in patients with isolated fungemia, and 50% in patients with isolated Gram-positive infections. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HCl instillation is a useful adjunct to systemic antibiotic therapy, enabling both catheter salvage and eradication of antibiotic-refractory catheter-related infection.     

老年人胃癌术后呼吸系统并发症临床危险因素分析

[目的]探讨60岁以上老年胃癌患者术后呼吸系统并发症（PPC）的临床危险因素。[方法]回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年12月215例60岁以上胃癌患者的临床病理资料,采用Logistic回归方法分析与PPC发生有关的危险因素。[结果]215例患者有71例（33.0%）并发PPC,多因素Logistic回归分析显示与PPC有关的危险因素有：吸烟（OR=2.317）,呼吸系统疾病（OR=1.751）,血清白蛋白（OR=1.657）,ASA分级（OR=1.097）,留置鼻胃管时间（OR=1.555）。[结论]高龄、有基础呼吸系统疾病、血清白蛋白水平低、术前ASA分级〉2、术后留置胃管的胃癌患者易发生PPC,应重视其围手术期处理。     

超声引导下腹直肌鞘阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛对胃癌术后镇痛的疗效分析

目的 超声引导下腹直肌鞘阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛用于胃癌术后镇痛的疗效.方法 将行胃癌切除术的患者40例,分为采用超声引导下腹直肌鞘阻滞复合静脉镇痛组(复合镇痛组)、静脉镇痛组,观察比较两组患者术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h静息痛、运动痛的VAS评分,两组患者术后的躁动及镇静情况,两组患者的并发症发生率.结果 复合镇痛组患者在2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h静息痛、运动痛的VAS评分均较静脉镇痛组降低,差异有统计学意义;复合镇痛组在术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h的躁动发生率明显低于静脉镇痛组,Ramsay评分较静脉镇痛组升高,差异有统计学意义;复合镇痛组并发症发生率较静脉镇痛组明显降低,差异有统计学意义.结论 超声引导下腹直肌鞘组织复合静脉自控镇痛,能够明显缓解胃癌患者术后的静息痛、运动痛,降低术后躁动的发生,不良反应发生率低,安全有效.     

Multivariate analysis on complications of central venous access devices in children with cancer and severe disease influenced by catheter tip position and vessel insertion site (A STROBE-compliant study)

ContextReliable long-term central venous access device (CVAD) is essential for the management of pediatric patients with cancer or chronic diseases. However, there is no general consensus for optimal catheter tip location and vessel insertion site in children.ObjectiveThis single center study analyzes the risk of complications associated with long-term upper body CVAD and evaluates them with respect to catheter tip location as well as vessel insertion site.DesignPediatric patients who received long-term upper body CVAD from January 2008 through April 2017 and underwent radiographic documentation of the tip location were retrospectively included in the study. Data on demographics, catheter tip location on chest x-ray, intraoperative vessel insertion sites and postoperative complications were analyzed. Catheter tip location was categorized as “high” (above the right mainstem bronchus), “medium” (at the level of the bronchus), and “low” (below the right mainstem bronchus). Distance to the carina was measured as well.ResultsA total of 396 patients, 74.7% suffering from cancer were included in our study (mean age 6.3 ± 0.3 years). Complications occurred in about one fourth of all patients. Catheter-related blood stream infections (BSI) (n = 40, 36.4%) were most prevalent, but catheter tip position or vessel insertion site had no impact on the risk of infections. Dislodgement (n = 27, 24.6%) and occlusion (n = 11, 10.0%) were more frequent in “high” positioned catheter tips.While there was one patient who developed arrhythmia, no case of cardiac perforation, and in particular, no catheter-related death was recorded in our series. The vessel insertion site seemed to have no influence on the complication frequency of CAVDs.ConclusionThe catheter tip position seems to have an impact on the catheter-related complication profile in children. To avoid complications, we recommend avoiding a “high” localization of the catheter tip above the right main bronchus. “Low” catheter tip placement was associated with the lowest dislocation rate.Given the overall low complication rate, insertion and use of CVADs in children can generally be considered as safe.